The Experts below are selected from a list of 204 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Adam Klimowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Comparison of plasma and skin Blister Fluid concentrations of two orally administered nitroimidazoles
Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2009Co-Authors: Adam Klimowicz, Anna Nowak, Stanisława Bielecka-grzelaAbstract:Plasma and cantharidin-induced skin Blister Fluid concentration vs time curves for two nitroimidazoles, metronidazole and tinidazole, following a single oral 2.0 g dose of each drug administered separately were determined. The maximum metronidazole and tinidazole concentrations in plasma were similar (about 36 mg/l) and were achieved after 1 and 2 h, respectively, whereas in Blister Fluid, the maximum tinidazole concentration was slightly higher (29 vs 23 mg/l), but they were both observed after about 6 h. The areas under the concentration vs time curve of the Fluids examined for tinidazole were about twice those for metronidazole. The half-life of tinidazole was twice that of metronidazole. The ratio of the area under the curve for Blister Fluid to that for plasma proved that the drugs penetrated to a very high degree from the blood stream into the Blister Fluid, and therefore into inflamed areas.
-
plasma and skin Blister Fluid concentrations of metronidazole and its hydroxy metabolite after oral administration
Polish Journal of Pharmacology, 1996Co-Authors: Adam Klimowicz, A. Nowak, Stanislawa BieleckagrzelaAbstract:Plasma and cantharidin-induced skin Blister Fluid concentrations of metronidazole and its main metabolite-hydroxymetronidazole were determined after a single and multiple oral doses. Metronidazole is nitroimidazole compound applied for the treatment of Protozoa infections. It is also active against anaerobic bacteria. The maximum concentrations of unchanged drug and its metabolite following a single oral dose of 2 g were observed after 1 +/- 1 and 11 +/- 2 h in plasma, whereas in Blister Fluid after 6 +/- 2 and 16 +/- 5 h, respectively. The average ratio of area under concentration time curve (AUC) in Blister Fluid to that of plasma was 1.02 +/- 0.12 for parent drug and 1.02 +/- 0.02 for the metabolite. After multiple doses of metronidazole (0.25 g every 8 h) the concentrations of unchanged drug in plasma and Blister Fluid, collected before the morning dose and 2 h after its administration, exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations for majority of susceptible pathogens. Hydroxymetronidazole concentrations in body Fluids at steady-state amounted to about 30-50% of the parent drug and they could contribute to the overall activity against susceptible microorganisms since antibacterial activity of the metabolite is about 30-65% that of the metronidazole.
-
Penetration of tinidazole into skin Blister Fluid following its oral administration
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1992Co-Authors: Adam Klimowicz, Anna Nowak, Stanisława Bielecka-grzelaAbstract:Plasma and skin Blister Fluid concentrations of tinidazole following a single oral dose of 2 g drug, and after multiple doses of 0.25 g every 12 h, were determined. Skin Blisters were produced by direct application of 0.25 % cantharidin ointment to the skin. The maximum concentration in plasma of about 36 mg 1^−1 was observed after about 2 h, whereas in skin Blister Fluid the peak occurred after about 6 h and was 30 mg 1^−1. The half-life in plasma was slighty shorter than in Blister Fluid at 17 and 19 h, respectively, but the difference was not significant. The penetration of tinidazole into cantharidin-induced skin Blister Fluid, defined according to Wise as the ratio of the ADCs in Blister Fluid and plasma was 1.00. During routine treatment with tinidazole (0.25 g every 12 h), the concentrations in plasma and Blister Fluid collected before and 3 h after the morning dose exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogens. The results provide a pharmacokinetic basis for the proven efficacy of tinidazole in the treatment of protozoal and anaerobic infections.
-
penetration of tinidazole into skin Blister Fluid following its oral administration
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1992Co-Authors: Adam Klimowicz, A. Nowak, Stanislawa BieleckagrzelaAbstract:Plasma and skin Blister Fluid concentrations of tinidazole following a single oral dose of 2 g drug, and after multiple doses of 0.25 g every 12 h, were determined. Skin Blisters were produced by direct application of 0.25 % cantharidin ointment to the skin.
Stanisława Bielecka-grzela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Comparison of plasma and skin Blister Fluid concentrations of two orally administered nitroimidazoles
Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2009Co-Authors: Adam Klimowicz, Anna Nowak, Stanisława Bielecka-grzelaAbstract:Plasma and cantharidin-induced skin Blister Fluid concentration vs time curves for two nitroimidazoles, metronidazole and tinidazole, following a single oral 2.0 g dose of each drug administered separately were determined. The maximum metronidazole and tinidazole concentrations in plasma were similar (about 36 mg/l) and were achieved after 1 and 2 h, respectively, whereas in Blister Fluid, the maximum tinidazole concentration was slightly higher (29 vs 23 mg/l), but they were both observed after about 6 h. The areas under the concentration vs time curve of the Fluids examined for tinidazole were about twice those for metronidazole. The half-life of tinidazole was twice that of metronidazole. The ratio of the area under the curve for Blister Fluid to that for plasma proved that the drugs penetrated to a very high degree from the blood stream into the Blister Fluid, and therefore into inflamed areas.
-
Penetration of tinidazole into skin Blister Fluid following its oral administration
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1992Co-Authors: Adam Klimowicz, Anna Nowak, Stanisława Bielecka-grzelaAbstract:Plasma and skin Blister Fluid concentrations of tinidazole following a single oral dose of 2 g drug, and after multiple doses of 0.25 g every 12 h, were determined. Skin Blisters were produced by direct application of 0.25 % cantharidin ointment to the skin. The maximum concentration in plasma of about 36 mg 1^−1 was observed after about 2 h, whereas in skin Blister Fluid the peak occurred after about 6 h and was 30 mg 1^−1. The half-life in plasma was slighty shorter than in Blister Fluid at 17 and 19 h, respectively, but the difference was not significant. The penetration of tinidazole into cantharidin-induced skin Blister Fluid, defined according to Wise as the ratio of the ADCs in Blister Fluid and plasma was 1.00. During routine treatment with tinidazole (0.25 g every 12 h), the concentrations in plasma and Blister Fluid collected before and 3 h after the morning dose exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogens. The results provide a pharmacokinetic basis for the proven efficacy of tinidazole in the treatment of protozoal and anaerobic infections.
Vesa Koivukangas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Blister Fluid and serum cytokine levels in severe sepsis in humans reflect skin dysfunction
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2017Co-Authors: Markku Koskela, Tero Alakokko, F Gaddnas, Karlheinz Herzig, Toni Karhu, A Oikarinen, Vesa KoivukangasAbstract:Background Knowledge of sepsis-related end-organ inflammation in vivo is limited. We investigated the cytokine response in skin and in serum in sepsis and its relation to multiorgan failure (MOF) and survival. Methods Cytokines were analysed in serum and in suction Blister Fluid of intact skin of 44 patients with severe sepsis and 15 healthy controls. Blister Fluid and serum samples were collected within 48 h of the first sepsis-induced organ failure. This is a substudy of a larger follow-up study on wound healing in sepsis. Results Cytokine levels were higher in patients with sepsis vs. controls (interleukin [IL]-10, Blisters: 65.9 vs. 4.3 pg/ml, P < 0.001, serum: 25.7 vs. 4.5 pg/ml, P = 0.004; IL-6, Blisters: 41.9 vs. 0.03 pg/ml, P < 0.001, serum: 45.5 vs. 2.1 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Patients with MOF had higher levels of IL-10 (116.4 vs. 21.3 pg/ml, P = 0.015), IL-4 (0.7 vs. 0.07 pg/ml, P = 0.013) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (25.9 vs. 9.5 pg/ml, P = 0.027) in Blister Fluid than patients without MOF. In Blister Fluid, survivors had lower levels of IL-10 (43.3 vs. 181.9 pg/ml, P = 0.024) and bFGF (15.8 vs. 31.9 pg/ml, P = 0.006) than non-survivors. In serum, survivors had higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (152.2 vs. 14.7 pg/ml, P = 0.012) and lower levels of IL-6 (38.5 vs. 91.1 pg/ml, P = 0.011) than non-survivors. The Blister Fluid levels of bFGF, TNF and VEGF did not correlate with the serum levels. Conclusions Cytokine responses in skin Blister Fluid in patients with sepsis differed from those in healthy controls.
-
Blister Fluid and serum cytokine levels in severe sepsis in humans reflect skin dysfunction.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2016Co-Authors: Markku Koskela, F Gaddnas, Karlheinz Herzig, Toni Karhu, A Oikarinen, Tero Ala-kokko, Vesa KoivukangasAbstract:Background Knowledge of sepsis-related end-organ inflammation in vivo is limited. We investigated the cytokine response in skin and in serum in sepsis and its relation to multiorgan failure (MOF) and survival. Methods Cytokines were analysed in serum and in suction Blister Fluid of intact skin of 44 patients with severe sepsis and 15 healthy controls. Blister Fluid and serum samples were collected within 48 h of the first sepsis-induced organ failure. This is a substudy of a larger follow-up study on wound healing in sepsis. Results Cytokine levels were higher in patients with sepsis vs. controls (interleukin [IL]-10, Blisters: 65.9 vs. 4.3 pg/ml, P
Stanislawa Bieleckagrzela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
plasma and skin Blister Fluid concentrations of metronidazole and its hydroxy metabolite after oral administration
Polish Journal of Pharmacology, 1996Co-Authors: Adam Klimowicz, A. Nowak, Stanislawa BieleckagrzelaAbstract:Plasma and cantharidin-induced skin Blister Fluid concentrations of metronidazole and its main metabolite-hydroxymetronidazole were determined after a single and multiple oral doses. Metronidazole is nitroimidazole compound applied for the treatment of Protozoa infections. It is also active against anaerobic bacteria. The maximum concentrations of unchanged drug and its metabolite following a single oral dose of 2 g were observed after 1 +/- 1 and 11 +/- 2 h in plasma, whereas in Blister Fluid after 6 +/- 2 and 16 +/- 5 h, respectively. The average ratio of area under concentration time curve (AUC) in Blister Fluid to that of plasma was 1.02 +/- 0.12 for parent drug and 1.02 +/- 0.02 for the metabolite. After multiple doses of metronidazole (0.25 g every 8 h) the concentrations of unchanged drug in plasma and Blister Fluid, collected before the morning dose and 2 h after its administration, exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations for majority of susceptible pathogens. Hydroxymetronidazole concentrations in body Fluids at steady-state amounted to about 30-50% of the parent drug and they could contribute to the overall activity against susceptible microorganisms since antibacterial activity of the metabolite is about 30-65% that of the metronidazole.
-
penetration of tinidazole into skin Blister Fluid following its oral administration
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1992Co-Authors: Adam Klimowicz, A. Nowak, Stanislawa BieleckagrzelaAbstract:Plasma and skin Blister Fluid concentrations of tinidazole following a single oral dose of 2 g drug, and after multiple doses of 0.25 g every 12 h, were determined. Skin Blisters were produced by direct application of 0.25 % cantharidin ointment to the skin.
B. L. Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
serum and Blister Fluid pharmacokinetics and bactericidal activities of ampicillin sulbactam cefotetan cefoxitin ceftizoxime and ticarcillin clavulanate
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1992Co-Authors: George S Jaresko, Steven L Barriere, B. L. JohnsonAbstract:Ampicillin-sulbactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, cefotetan, and ceftizoxime are promoted for the treatment of mixed aerobic-anaerobic bacterial infections. Their activities have been compared in vitro but not in vivo. In order to assess the in vivo activities of these agents in serum and interstitial Fluid, we administered single, intravenous doses of these antimicrobial agents to healthy subjects. Concentrations of the antimicrobial agents in serum and suction-induced Blister Fluid and bactericidal activity were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography and the standard methodology of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, respectively. The organisms used for bactericidal activity tests were one isolate each of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacteroides fragilis. Pharmacokinetic parameters in serum and Blister Fluid were similar to those derived in other investigations. Of note were the high and prolonged concentrations of ticarcillin and cefotetan in Blister Fluid, despite high-level serum protein binding. The bactericidal activities in serum and Blister Fluid reflected the relative in vitro activities and kinetic dispositions of the various antimicrobial agents except for the bactericidal activity of cefotetan, which was substantially lower in Blister Fluid than serum, despite a Blister Fluid:serum area under the concentration-time curve ratio of 1.5. Similarly, the activity of ticarcillin-clavulanate in Blister Fluid was also substantially less than would have been predicted by the Blister Fluid:serum ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve of 1.1, possibly because of the low concentrations of clavulanate in Blister Fluid. The rankings of the in vivo bactericidal activities of the five drugs were as follows: for S. aureus, ampicillin-sulbactam > ticarcillin-clavulanate > ceftizoxime > cefoxitin > cefotetan; for K. pneumoniae, ceftizoxime > cefotetan > ampicillin-sulbactam = ticarcillin-clavulanate > cefoxitin; and for B.fragilis, ticarcillin-clavulanate > cefotetan > ceftizoxime > ampicillin-sulbactam = cefoxitin.
-
Pharmacokinetic disposition and bactericidal activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone in serum and Blister Fluid.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1992Co-Authors: D Kalman, Steven L Barriere, B. L. JohnsonAbstract:Cefepime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent gram-positive and gram-negative activity including activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae. The pharmacokinetic disposition of cefepime is similar to that of ceftazidime. We compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the extent and duration of bactericidal activity in serum and suction-induced Blister Fluid after single 2-g intravenous doses of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone given to healthy subjects. One clinical isolate each of E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus was used to assess bactericidal activity. Results of the pharmacokinetic analysis were similar to previously reported data for these drugs. The high serum protein binding of cefoperazone (approximately 90%) contributed to poor Blister Fluid penetration. The other drugs penetrated well into this Fluid compartment. Cefepime showed significantly greater bactericidal activity in serum and Blister Fluid against E. cloacae than the other study drugs, ceftazidime was significantly better in serum and Blister Fluid against P. aeruginosa, and cefoperazone was significantly better against S. aureus only in serum. None of the study drugs had significant bactericidal activity in Blister Fluid against S. aureus. Cefepime is a promising antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infections due to E. cloacae.