The Experts below are selected from a list of 208449 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ellen E Blaak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the short chain fatty acid acetate in Body Weight Control and insulin sensitivity
Nutrients, 2019Co-Authors: Manuel Gonzalez A Hernandez, Emanuel E Canfora, Johan W E Jocken, Ellen E BlaakAbstract:The interplay of gut microbiota, host metabolism, and metabolic health has gained increased attention. Gut microbiota may play a regulatory role in gastrointestinal health, substrate metabolism, and peripheral tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas via its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Animal and human data demonstrated that, in particular, acetate beneficially affects host energy and substrate metabolism via secretion of the gut hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which, thereby, affects appetite, via a reduction in whole-Body lipolysis, systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and via an increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Thus, potential therapies to increase gut microbial fermentation and acetate production have been under vigorous scientific scrutiny. In this review, the relevance of the colonically and systemically most abundant SCFA acetate and its effects on the previously mentioned tissues will be discussed in relation to Body Weight Control and glucose homeostasis. We discuss in detail the differential effects of oral acetate administration (vinegar intake), colonic acetate infusions, acetogenic fiber, and acetogenic probiotic administrations as approaches to combat obesity and comorbidities. Notably, human data are scarce, which highlights the necessity for further human research to investigate acetate’s role in host physiology, metabolic, and cardiovascular health.
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colonic infusions of short chain fatty acid mixtures promote energy metabolism in overWeight obese men a randomized crossover trial
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Emanuel E Canfora, Johan W E Jocken, Christina M Van Der Beek, Gijs H Goossens, Jens J Holst, Steven Olde W M Damink, Kaatje Lenaerts, Cornelis H C Dejong, Ellen E BlaakAbstract:Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), formed by microbial fermentation, are believed to be involved in the aetiology of obesity and diabetes. This study investigated the effects of colonic administration of physiologically relevant SCFA mixtures on human substrate and energy metabolism. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, twelve normoglycaemic men (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) underwent four investigational days, during which SCFA mixtures (200 mmol/L) high in either acetate (HA), propionate (HP), butyrate (HB) or placebo (PLA) were rectally administered during fasting and postprandial conditions (oral glucose load). Before and for two hours after colonic infusions, indirect calorimetry was performed and blood samples were collected. All three SCFA mixtures increased fasting fat oxidation (P < 0.01), whilst resting energy expenditure increased after HA and HP compared with PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, all three SCFA mixtures increased fasting and postprandial plasma peptide YY (PYY) concentrations, and attenuated fasting free glycerol concentrations versus PLA (P < 0.05). Colonic infusions of SCFA mixtures, in concentrations and ratios reached after fibre intake, increased fat oxidation, energy expenditure and PYY, and decreased lipolysis in overWeight/obese men. Human intervention studies are warranted to investigate whether these effects translate into long-term benefits for Body Weight Control and insulin sensitivity in the obese insulin resistant state.
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abstract 9939 insulin receptor substrate 2 genetic variants interact with plasma monounsaturated and n 3 pufa fatty acid levels to influence insulin resistance from the lipgene study
Circulation, 2011Co-Authors: Pablo Perezmartinez, Ellen E Blaak, Javier Delgadolista, Antonio Garciarios, Hanne L Gulseth, Beata Kiecwilk, Olfa Helal, Julie A Lovegrove, Ulf Riserus, Helen M RocheAbstract:Background: The insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) is a major insulin signalling molecule. IRS-2 regulates Body Weight Control and glucose homeostasis. Several IRS-2 polymorphic sites have been studied for their potential use as risk markers for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fatty acids are key metabolic regulators which may interact with genetic factors and influence glucose metabolism. Objective: To examine whether the genetic variability at the IRS-2 gene locus was associated with the degree of insulin resistance and plasma fatty acid levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Design: Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) and HOMA indices were used to estimate insulin sensitivity (insulin sensitivity index, HOMA-IR), insulin secretion (first phase insulin secretion (AIRg), disposition index, HOMA-B) and glucose effectiveness. Plasma fatty acid composition and three IRS-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also determined in a cross-sectional analysis of 452 subjects with MetS participating in the LIPGENE dietary intervention cohort (NCT00429195). Results: The rs2289046 SNP interacted with plasma monounsaturated (MUFA) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) levels which were significantly associated with insulin resistance. Among subjects with the lowest level of MUFA (below the median) the A/A genotype was associated with lower glucose effectiveness (P Conclusions: The rs2289046 polymorphism at the IRS-2 gene locus may influence insulin resistance and glucose effectiveness by interacting with plasma fatty acid composition in subjects with the MetS. Further studies are needed to confirm whether targeted dietary recommendations can prevent MetS in genetically susceptible individuals.
Emanuel E Canfora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the short chain fatty acid acetate in Body Weight Control and insulin sensitivity
Nutrients, 2019Co-Authors: Manuel Gonzalez A Hernandez, Emanuel E Canfora, Johan W E Jocken, Ellen E BlaakAbstract:The interplay of gut microbiota, host metabolism, and metabolic health has gained increased attention. Gut microbiota may play a regulatory role in gastrointestinal health, substrate metabolism, and peripheral tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas via its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Animal and human data demonstrated that, in particular, acetate beneficially affects host energy and substrate metabolism via secretion of the gut hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which, thereby, affects appetite, via a reduction in whole-Body lipolysis, systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and via an increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Thus, potential therapies to increase gut microbial fermentation and acetate production have been under vigorous scientific scrutiny. In this review, the relevance of the colonically and systemically most abundant SCFA acetate and its effects on the previously mentioned tissues will be discussed in relation to Body Weight Control and glucose homeostasis. We discuss in detail the differential effects of oral acetate administration (vinegar intake), colonic acetate infusions, acetogenic fiber, and acetogenic probiotic administrations as approaches to combat obesity and comorbidities. Notably, human data are scarce, which highlights the necessity for further human research to investigate acetate’s role in host physiology, metabolic, and cardiovascular health.
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colonic infusions of short chain fatty acid mixtures promote energy metabolism in overWeight obese men a randomized crossover trial
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Emanuel E Canfora, Johan W E Jocken, Christina M Van Der Beek, Gijs H Goossens, Jens J Holst, Steven Olde W M Damink, Kaatje Lenaerts, Cornelis H C Dejong, Ellen E BlaakAbstract:Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), formed by microbial fermentation, are believed to be involved in the aetiology of obesity and diabetes. This study investigated the effects of colonic administration of physiologically relevant SCFA mixtures on human substrate and energy metabolism. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, twelve normoglycaemic men (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) underwent four investigational days, during which SCFA mixtures (200 mmol/L) high in either acetate (HA), propionate (HP), butyrate (HB) or placebo (PLA) were rectally administered during fasting and postprandial conditions (oral glucose load). Before and for two hours after colonic infusions, indirect calorimetry was performed and blood samples were collected. All three SCFA mixtures increased fasting fat oxidation (P < 0.01), whilst resting energy expenditure increased after HA and HP compared with PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, all three SCFA mixtures increased fasting and postprandial plasma peptide YY (PYY) concentrations, and attenuated fasting free glycerol concentrations versus PLA (P < 0.05). Colonic infusions of SCFA mixtures, in concentrations and ratios reached after fibre intake, increased fat oxidation, energy expenditure and PYY, and decreased lipolysis in overWeight/obese men. Human intervention studies are warranted to investigate whether these effects translate into long-term benefits for Body Weight Control and insulin sensitivity in the obese insulin resistant state.
Fred S Wouters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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defective peroxisomal catabolism of branched fatty acyl coenzyme a in mice lacking the sterol carrier protein 2 sterol carrier protein x gene function
Genes & Development, 1998Co-Authors: Udo Seedorf, Peter Ellinghaus, Martin Raabe, Frank Kannenberg, Manfred Fobker, Thomas Engel, Simone Denis, Fred S WoutersAbstract:Gene targeting in mice was used to investigate the unknown function of Scp2, encoding sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2; a peroxisomal lipid carrier) and sterol carrier protein-x (SCPx; a fusion protein between SCP2 and a peroxisomal thiolase). Complete deficiency of SCP2 and SCPx was associated with marked alterations in gene expression, peroxisome proliferation, hypolipidemia, impaired Body Weight Control, and neuropathy. Along with these abnormalities, catabolism of methyl-branched fatty acyl CoAs was impaired. The defect became evident from up to 10-fold accumulation of the tetramethyl-branched fatty acid phytanic acid in Scp2(˛/˛) mice. Further characterization supported that the gene disruption led to inefficient import of phytanoyl-CoA into peroxisomes and to defective thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketopristanoyl-CoA. These results corresponded to high-affinity binding of phytanoyl-CoA to the recombinant rat SCP2 protein, as well as high 3-ketopristanoyl-CoA thiolase activity of the recombinant rat SCPx protein.
Jun Feng Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neohesperidin attenuates obesity by altering the composition of the gut microbiota in high fat diet fed mice
The FASEB Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Jun Feng Lu, Heng Zhang, Yong Liang Wang, Liang Peng, Jiang Wei WuAbstract:Obesity and related metabolic disorders are associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, disrupted intestinal barrier, and chronic inflammation. Neohesperidin (Neo), a natural polyphenol abundant in citrus fruits, is known for its preventative and therapeutic effects on numerous diseases. Here, we report that Neo administration attenuates Weight gain, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). Also, Neo administration substantially restores gut barrier damage, metabolic endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in fecal samples revealed that Neo administration reverses HFD-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis: an increase in the diversity of gut microbiota and alteration in the composition of intestinal microbiota (particularly in the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes). Furthermore, systemic antibiotic treatment abolishes the beneficial effects of Neo in Body Weight Control, suggesting that the effect of Neo on obesity attenuation largely depends on the gut microbiota. More importantly, we demonstrate that the impact of Neo on the regulation of obesity could be transferred from Neo-treated mice to HFD-fed mice via fecal microbiota transplantation. Collectively, our data highlight the efficacy of Neo as a prebiotic agent for attenuating obesity, implying a potential mechanism for gut microbiota mediated the beneficial effect of Neo.
Johan W E Jocken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the short chain fatty acid acetate in Body Weight Control and insulin sensitivity
Nutrients, 2019Co-Authors: Manuel Gonzalez A Hernandez, Emanuel E Canfora, Johan W E Jocken, Ellen E BlaakAbstract:The interplay of gut microbiota, host metabolism, and metabolic health has gained increased attention. Gut microbiota may play a regulatory role in gastrointestinal health, substrate metabolism, and peripheral tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas via its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Animal and human data demonstrated that, in particular, acetate beneficially affects host energy and substrate metabolism via secretion of the gut hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which, thereby, affects appetite, via a reduction in whole-Body lipolysis, systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and via an increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Thus, potential therapies to increase gut microbial fermentation and acetate production have been under vigorous scientific scrutiny. In this review, the relevance of the colonically and systemically most abundant SCFA acetate and its effects on the previously mentioned tissues will be discussed in relation to Body Weight Control and glucose homeostasis. We discuss in detail the differential effects of oral acetate administration (vinegar intake), colonic acetate infusions, acetogenic fiber, and acetogenic probiotic administrations as approaches to combat obesity and comorbidities. Notably, human data are scarce, which highlights the necessity for further human research to investigate acetate’s role in host physiology, metabolic, and cardiovascular health.
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colonic infusions of short chain fatty acid mixtures promote energy metabolism in overWeight obese men a randomized crossover trial
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Emanuel E Canfora, Johan W E Jocken, Christina M Van Der Beek, Gijs H Goossens, Jens J Holst, Steven Olde W M Damink, Kaatje Lenaerts, Cornelis H C Dejong, Ellen E BlaakAbstract:Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), formed by microbial fermentation, are believed to be involved in the aetiology of obesity and diabetes. This study investigated the effects of colonic administration of physiologically relevant SCFA mixtures on human substrate and energy metabolism. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, twelve normoglycaemic men (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) underwent four investigational days, during which SCFA mixtures (200 mmol/L) high in either acetate (HA), propionate (HP), butyrate (HB) or placebo (PLA) were rectally administered during fasting and postprandial conditions (oral glucose load). Before and for two hours after colonic infusions, indirect calorimetry was performed and blood samples were collected. All three SCFA mixtures increased fasting fat oxidation (P < 0.01), whilst resting energy expenditure increased after HA and HP compared with PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, all three SCFA mixtures increased fasting and postprandial plasma peptide YY (PYY) concentrations, and attenuated fasting free glycerol concentrations versus PLA (P < 0.05). Colonic infusions of SCFA mixtures, in concentrations and ratios reached after fibre intake, increased fat oxidation, energy expenditure and PYY, and decreased lipolysis in overWeight/obese men. Human intervention studies are warranted to investigate whether these effects translate into long-term benefits for Body Weight Control and insulin sensitivity in the obese insulin resistant state.