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Paola Fadda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cannabinoid cb1 cb2 receptor agonists attenuate hyperactivity and Body Weight Loss in a rat model of activity based anorexia
    British Journal of Pharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Maria Scherma, Valentina Satta, Roberto Collu, Maria Francesca Boi, Paolo Usai, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda
    Abstract:

    Background and Purpose Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric condition characterized by excessive Body Weight Loss and disturbed perceptions of Body shape and size, often associated with excessive physical activity. There is currently no effective drug-related therapy of this disease and this leads to high relapse rate. Clinical data suggest that a promising therapy to treat and reduce reoccurrence of AN may be based on the use of drugs that target the endocannabinoid (EC) system, which appears dysregulated in AN patients. Experimental Approach The activity-based anorexia (ABA) rodent model mimics the severe Body Weight Loss and increased physical activity, as well as the neuroendocrine disturbances (i.e. hypoleptinaemia and hypercortisolaemia) in AN. This study investigated whether cannabinoid agonists can effectively modify anorexic-like behaviours and neuroendocrine changes in rats subjected to a repeated ABA regime that mimics the human condition in which patients repeatedly undergo a recovery and illness cycle. Key Results Our data show that subchronic treatment with both the natural CB1/CB2 receptor agonist Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the synthetic CB1/CB2 receptor agonist CP-55,940 significantly reduced Body Weight Loss and running wheel activity in ABA rats. These behavioural effects were accompanied by an increase in leptin signalling and a decrease in plasma levels of corticosterone. Conclusion and Implications Taken together, our results further demonstrate the involvement of the EC system in AN pathophysiology and that strategies which modulate EC signalling are useful to treat this disorder, specifically in patients where physical hyperactivity plays a central role in its progression and maintenance.

  • Cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptor agonists attenuate hyperactivity and Body Weight Loss in a rat model of activity‐based anorexia
    British Journal of Pharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Maria Scherma, Valentina Satta, Roberto Collu, Maria Francesca Boi, Paolo Usai, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda
    Abstract:

    Background and Purpose Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric condition characterized by excessive Body Weight Loss and disturbed perceptions of Body shape and size, often associated with excessive physical activity. There is currently no effective drug-related therapy of this disease and this leads to high relapse rate. Clinical data suggest that a promising therapy to treat and reduce reoccurrence of AN may be based on the use of drugs that target the endocannabinoid (EC) system, which appears dysregulated in AN patients. Experimental Approach The activity-based anorexia (ABA) rodent model mimics the severe Body Weight Loss and increased physical activity, as well as the neuroendocrine disturbances (i.e. hypoleptinaemia and hypercortisolaemia) in AN. This study investigated whether cannabinoid agonists can effectively modify anorexic-like behaviours and neuroendocrine changes in rats subjected to a repeated ABA regime that mimics the human condition in which patients repeatedly undergo a recovery and illness cycle. Key Results Our data show that subchronic treatment with both the natural CB1/CB2 receptor agonist Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the synthetic CB1/CB2 receptor agonist CP-55,940 significantly reduced Body Weight Loss and running wheel activity in ABA rats. These behavioural effects were accompanied by an increase in leptin signalling and a decrease in plasma levels of corticosterone. Conclusion and Implications Taken together, our results further demonstrate the involvement of the EC system in AN pathophysiology and that strategies which modulate EC signalling are useful to treat this disorder, specifically in patients where physical hyperactivity plays a central role in its progression and maintenance.

Takaki Yoshikawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Perioperative Nutrition Enriched with Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Body Weight Loss after Total Gastrectomy for T2–T4a Gastric Cancer
    Japanese journal of clinical oncology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Takaki Yoshikawa, Haruhiko Cho, Naoki Hiki, Masataka Taguri, Takeshi Sano, Souya Nunobe, Hideki Taniguchi, Ryoji Fukushima, Satoshi Morita, Akira Tsuburaya
    Abstract:

    This randomized Phase III trial will evaluate whether perioperative nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid can prevent Body Weight Loss after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The patients who enroll in this study will be randomly assigned to Group A: no supplementation with oral nutrients (standard diet) or Group B: standard diet with eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched supplementation for 7 days before surgery and for 21 days after surgery. For both groups, patients will undergo total gastrectomy with Roux-en Y reconstruction. The extent of dissection will principally follow the third edition of the Gastric Cancer Treatment Guideline published by the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. When patients are diagnosed with pathological Stage II or III disease, adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 will be initiated within 6 weeks after surgery and administered for 1 year. The primary endpoint will be the Body Weight Loss at 1 and 3 months after surgery (double primary endpoints). The secondary endpoints will be the relative performance of the supplement, Loss of lean Body mass at 1 and 3 months after surgery, the lowest serum albumin level, quality of life, the incidence of surgical morbidity and mortality, and the incidence of surgical site infection.

  • Comparison of Body Weight Loss in gastrectomy patients who underwent only surgery and those who underwent surgery followed up with S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy
    Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy, 2012
    Co-Authors: Toru Aoyama, Takaki Yoshikawa, Junya Shirai, Tsutomu Hayashi, Takashi Ogata, Haruhiko Cho, Norio Yukawa, Takashi Oshima, Yasushi Rino, Yukihiro Ozawa
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Body Weight Loss is a common outcome in patients with gastric cancer who have undergone gastrectomy. However, the rate of Body Weight Loss after surgery is unknown. METHODS In this retrospective study, we selected patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and were diagnosed with Stage II or III disease. Further, we compared the Body Weight Loss after surgery between patients in the surgery alone group and the S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy group. RESULTS We evaluated 163 patients, of which 81 underwent only surgery, and 82 underwent surgery followed up with S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. The Body Weight Loss rate at 1, 3, and 6 months in the surgery alone group were 93.1%, 92.9%, and 94.9%, while those in the S-1 adjuvant group were 92.9%, 90.4%,and 91.9%, which was a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Body Weight Loss after gastrectomy was higher in the S-1 adjuvant group than in the surgery alone group. Further, nutritional support is required for these patients to maintain Body Weight after surgery.

  • Effects of tumor removal and Body Weight Loss on insulin resistance in patients with cancer.
    Surgery, 1994
    Co-Authors: Takaki Yoshikawa, Noguchi Y, Matsumoto A
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tumor removal and Body Weight Loss on insulin resistance. METHODS Insulin sensitivity was examined in 12 patients with cancer and stable Weight and five patients with cancer and Weight Loss before operation, six patients after complete tumor removal, and three normal volunteers (control) by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp. RESULTS Glucose metabolized (milligrams per kilogram per minute), metabolic clearance rate of glucose (milliliters per kilogram per minute), and glucose metabolized per unit of insulin (milligrams per kilogram per minute/microunits per milligram) were significantly decreased in the cancer group compared with the control (4.50 +/- 1.32 vs 8.11 +/- 0.56 mg/kg/min, 5.26 +/- 2.22 vs 10.67 +/- 1.98 ml/kg/min, and 4.34 +/- 1.16 vs 8.92 +/- 1.03 mg/kg/min/uU/ml, respectively), regardless of the Weight Loss. Glucose metabolized, metabolic clearance rate of glucose, and glucose metabolized per unit of insulin ratio were significantly increased after tumor removal (3.87 +/- 0.97 vs 4.80 +/- 1.30 mg/kg/min, 4.03 +/- 1.32 vs 5.67 +/- 2.14 ml/kg/min, and 4.14 +/- 1.19 vs 5.26 +/- 1.32 mg/kg/min/uU/ml, respectively); however, increase in these values did not reach normal control levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results would suggest that insulin resistance in patients with cancer was not caused by cancer-associated malnutrition but at least in part by tumor itself.

Margriet S Westerterpplantenga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Body Weight Loss and Weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation
    Obesity Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Margriet S Westerterpplantenga, M P G M Lejeune, E M R Kovacs
    Abstract:

    Objective: Investigation of the effect of a green tea-caffeine mixture on Weight maintenance after Body Weight Loss in moderately obese subjects in relation to habitual caffeine intake. Research Methods and Procedures: A randomized placebo-controlled double blind parallel trial in 76 overWeight and moderately obese subjects, (BMI, 27.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2) matched for sex, age, BMI, height, Body mass, and habitual caffeine intake was conducted. A very low energy diet intervention during 4 weeks was followed by 3 months of Weight maintenance (WM); during the WM period, the subjects received a green tea-caffeine mixture (270 mg epigallocatechin gallate + 150 mg caffeine per day) or placebo. Results: Subjects lost 5.9 ±1.8 (SD) kg (7.0 ± 2.1%) of Body Weight (p < 0.001). At baseline, satiety was positively, and in women, leptin was inversely, related to subjects’ habitual caffeine consumption (p < 0.01). High caffeine consumers reduced Weight, fat mass, and waist circumference more than low caffeine consumers; resting energy expenditure was reduced less and respiratory quotient was reduced more during Weight Loss (p < 0.01). In the low caffeine consumers, during WM, green tea still reduced Body Weight, waist, respiratory quotient and Body fat, whereas resting energy expenditure was increased compared with a restoration of these variables with placebo (p < 0.01). In the high caffeine consumers, no effects of the green tea-caffeine mixture were observed during WM. Discussion: High caffeine intake was associated with Weight Loss through thermogenesis and fat oxidation and with suppressed leptin in women. In habitual low caffeine consumers, the green tea-caffeine mixture improved WM, partly through thermogenesis and fat oxidation.

  • effects of green tea on Weight maintenance after Body Weight Loss
    British Journal of Nutrition, 2004
    Co-Authors: E M R Kovacs, M P G M Lejeune, I M T Nijs, Margriet S Westerterpplantenga
    Abstract:

    The present study was conducted to investigate whether green tea may improve Weight maintenance by preventing or limiting Weight regain after Weight Loss of 5 to 10 % in overWeight and moderately obese subjects. The study had a randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled design. A total of 104 overWeight and moderately obese male and female subjects (age 18-60 years; BMI 25-35 kg/m(2)) participated. The study consisted of a very-low-energy diet intervention (VLED; 2.1 MJ/d) of 4 weeks followed by a Weight-maintenance period of 13 weeks in which the subjects received green tea or placebo. The green tea contained caffeine (104 mg/d) and catechins (573 mg/d, of which 323 mg was epigallocatechin gallate). Subjects lost 6.4 (sd 1.9) kg or 7.5 (sd 2.2) % of their original Body Weight during the VLED (P<0.001). Body-Weight regain was not significantly different between the green tea and the placebo group (30.5 (sd 61.8) % and 19.7 (sd 56.9) %, respectively). In the green tea treatment, habitual high caffeine consumption was associated with a higher Weight regain compared with habitual low caffeine consumption (39 (sd 17) and 16 (sd 11) %, respectively; P<0.05). We conclude that Weight maintenance after 7.5 % Body-Weight Loss was not affected by green tea treatment and that habitual caffeine consumption affected Weight maintenance in the green tea treatment.

Maria Scherma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cannabinoid cb1 cb2 receptor agonists attenuate hyperactivity and Body Weight Loss in a rat model of activity based anorexia
    British Journal of Pharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Maria Scherma, Valentina Satta, Roberto Collu, Maria Francesca Boi, Paolo Usai, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda
    Abstract:

    Background and Purpose Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric condition characterized by excessive Body Weight Loss and disturbed perceptions of Body shape and size, often associated with excessive physical activity. There is currently no effective drug-related therapy of this disease and this leads to high relapse rate. Clinical data suggest that a promising therapy to treat and reduce reoccurrence of AN may be based on the use of drugs that target the endocannabinoid (EC) system, which appears dysregulated in AN patients. Experimental Approach The activity-based anorexia (ABA) rodent model mimics the severe Body Weight Loss and increased physical activity, as well as the neuroendocrine disturbances (i.e. hypoleptinaemia and hypercortisolaemia) in AN. This study investigated whether cannabinoid agonists can effectively modify anorexic-like behaviours and neuroendocrine changes in rats subjected to a repeated ABA regime that mimics the human condition in which patients repeatedly undergo a recovery and illness cycle. Key Results Our data show that subchronic treatment with both the natural CB1/CB2 receptor agonist Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the synthetic CB1/CB2 receptor agonist CP-55,940 significantly reduced Body Weight Loss and running wheel activity in ABA rats. These behavioural effects were accompanied by an increase in leptin signalling and a decrease in plasma levels of corticosterone. Conclusion and Implications Taken together, our results further demonstrate the involvement of the EC system in AN pathophysiology and that strategies which modulate EC signalling are useful to treat this disorder, specifically in patients where physical hyperactivity plays a central role in its progression and maintenance.

  • Cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptor agonists attenuate hyperactivity and Body Weight Loss in a rat model of activity‐based anorexia
    British Journal of Pharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Maria Scherma, Valentina Satta, Roberto Collu, Maria Francesca Boi, Paolo Usai, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda
    Abstract:

    Background and Purpose Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric condition characterized by excessive Body Weight Loss and disturbed perceptions of Body shape and size, often associated with excessive physical activity. There is currently no effective drug-related therapy of this disease and this leads to high relapse rate. Clinical data suggest that a promising therapy to treat and reduce reoccurrence of AN may be based on the use of drugs that target the endocannabinoid (EC) system, which appears dysregulated in AN patients. Experimental Approach The activity-based anorexia (ABA) rodent model mimics the severe Body Weight Loss and increased physical activity, as well as the neuroendocrine disturbances (i.e. hypoleptinaemia and hypercortisolaemia) in AN. This study investigated whether cannabinoid agonists can effectively modify anorexic-like behaviours and neuroendocrine changes in rats subjected to a repeated ABA regime that mimics the human condition in which patients repeatedly undergo a recovery and illness cycle. Key Results Our data show that subchronic treatment with both the natural CB1/CB2 receptor agonist Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the synthetic CB1/CB2 receptor agonist CP-55,940 significantly reduced Body Weight Loss and running wheel activity in ABA rats. These behavioural effects were accompanied by an increase in leptin signalling and a decrease in plasma levels of corticosterone. Conclusion and Implications Taken together, our results further demonstrate the involvement of the EC system in AN pathophysiology and that strategies which modulate EC signalling are useful to treat this disorder, specifically in patients where physical hyperactivity plays a central role in its progression and maintenance.

Kenji Kangawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ghrelin improves Body Weight Loss and skeletal muscle catabolism associated with angiotensin II-induced cachexia in mice.
    Regulatory Peptides, 2012
    Co-Authors: Masako Sugiyama, Akira Yamaki, Mayumi Furuya, Norio Inomata, Yoshiharu Minamitake, Kazuhiro Ohsuye, Kenji Kangawa
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ghrelin is a gastric peptide that regulates energy homeostasis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is known to induce Body Weight Loss and skeletal muscle catabolism through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on Body Weight and muscle catabolism in mice treated with Ang II. The continuous subcutaneous administration of Ang II to mice for 6 days resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and significant decreases in Body Weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lean mass, and fat mass. In the gastrocnemius muscles of Ang II-treated mice, the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were decreased, and the levels of mRNA expression of catabolic factors were increased. Although the repeated subcutaneous injections of ghrelin (1.0 mg/kg, twice daily for 5 days) did not affect cardiac hypertrophy, they resulted in significant Body Weight gains and improved food efficiencies and tended to increase both lean and fat mass in Ang II-treated mice. Ghrelin also ameliorated the decreased IGF-1 levels and the increased mRNA expression levels of catabolic factors in the skeletal muscle. IGF-1 mRNA levels in the skeletal muscle significantly decreased 24 h after Ang II infusion, and this was reversed by two subcutaneous injections of ghrelin. In C2C12-derived myocytes, the dexamethasone-induced mRNA expression of atrogin-1 was decreased by IGF-1 but not by ghrelin. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ghrelin improved Body Weight Loss and skeletal muscle catabolism in mice treated with Ang II, possibly through the early restoration of IGF-1 mRNA in the skeletal muscle and the amelioration of nutritional status.

  • Ghrelin reduction after esophageal substitution and its correlation to postoperative Body Weight Loss in esophageal cancer patients
    Surgery, 2006
    Co-Authors: Yuichiro Doki, Ko Takachi, Osamu Ishikawa, Isao Miyashiro, Yo Sasaki, Hiroaki Ohigashi, Hiromu Nakajima, Hiroshi Hosoda, Kenji Kangawa, Fujiko Sasakuma
    Abstract:

    Background Body Weight Loss is observed commonly after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction in thoracic esophageal cancer patients. The functional and anatomical alteration of the stomach by this surgery should affect ghrelin secretion, a novel gastric hormone that upregulates Body Weight through appetite control and metabolic reaction. Methods Early-phase postoperative alteration of serum ghrelin was measured before and at day 3 and day 7 after surgery in 9 patients. With 26 other patients, who had previously undergone surgery from 3 months to 67 months (mean, 25 months) before the present study period, the late-phase postoperative alteration of serum ghrelin was investigated along with postoperative Body Weight Loss and serum leptin. Results Serum ghrelin concentration, which was equivalent to the control group before surgery (88.6 fmol/mL vs 97.5 fmol/mL) significantly decreased by half at 3 and 7 days after surgery. Thereafter, the serum ghrelin decline continued in the outpatients within 1 year after surgery (58.8 fmol/mL), while it was marginal in those from 1 to 3 years after surgery (77.2 fmol/mL). Serum ghrelin was significantly higher than the control after 3 years (185.1 fmol/mL). Thus, a significant positive correlation was observed between ghrelin and time after surgery (P Conclusion Gastric tube replacement for esophagectomy resulted in temporary reduction of ghrelin production, which is associated with Body Weight Loss after surgery. The decline of ghrelin may play some role in the serious Body Weight Loss after esophagectomy, thus encouraging clinical application of exogenous recombinant ghrelin for these patients.

  • Postoperative Ghrelin Levels and Delayed Recovery from Body Weight Loss after Distal or Total Gastrectomy
    The Journal of surgical research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Ko Takachi, Yuichiro Doki, Osamu Ishikawa, Isao Miyashiro, Yo Sasaki, Hiroaki Ohigashi, Hiromu Nakajima, Hiroshi Hosoda, Kohei Murata, Kenji Kangawa
    Abstract:

    Background. Body Weight Loss is a common but one of the most serious sequelae after gastrectomy. Ghrelin, a novel gastric hormone that up-regulates Body Weight through appetite control and metabolic reaction, seems to be affected by gastric surgery. Patients and methods. Early postoperative alteration of serum ghrelin was evaluated at days 3 and 7 after gastrectomy for 13 hospital patients. In 64 outpatients who had previously undergone total gastrectomy (TG: 26 patients) or distal gastrectomy (DG: 38 patients) 4.6 months to 136 months (average, 41 months) earlier, the association between their serum ghrelin and leptin levels and postoperative Body Weight was investigated. Results. Serum ghrelin declined immediately and greatly after TG to 12% of the preoperative level (day 3 and day 7), whereas the decline was less significant after DG at 39% (day 3) and 56% (day 7). In outpatients, serum ghrelin after TG was very low compared with the control (18.6 fmol/mL versus 92.1 fmol/mL, P < 0.0001), irrespective of the period after surgery, whereas the level after DG recovered and was equivalent to the control (73.4 fmol/mL, P 0.355). Body Weight Loss was more apparent in TG patients than in DG patients, showing postoperative reduction of Body mass index (BMI) ‐3.940 versus ‐1.949 (P < 0.0001). Serum leptin concentration, reflecting the systemic fat volume, significantly correlated with BMI in both TG and DG patients, and tended to be lower in TG patients than in DG patients (800 pg/mL versus 1158 pg/mL, P 0.236). Conclusion. Persistent decline of serum ghrelin and Body Weight was observed commonly after total gastrectomy. Further study is needed as to whether or not ghrelin administration can improve the Body Weight