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Margriet S Westerterpplantenga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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challenging energy balance during sensitivity to food reward and modulatory factors implying a risk for overWeight during Body Weight Management including dietary restraint and medium high protein diets
Physiology & Behavior, 2020Co-Authors: Margriet S WesterterpplantengaAbstract:Abstract Energy balance is a key concept in the etiology and prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities, as well as in the development of possible treatments. If energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, a positive energy balance develops and the risk for overWeight, obesity, and its co-morbidities increases. Energy balance is determined by energy homeostasis, and challenged by sensitivity to food reward, and to modulatory factors such as circadian misalignment, high altitude, environmental temperature, and physical activity. Food reward and circadian misalignment increase the risk for overWeight and obesity, while high altitude, changes in environmental temperature, or physical activity modulate energy balance in different directions. Modulations by hypobaric hypoxia, lowering environmental temperature, or increasing physical activity have been hypothesized to contribute to Body Weight loss and Management, yet no clear evidence has been shown. Dietary approach as part of a lifestyle approach for Body Weight Management should imply reduction of energy intake including control of food reward, thereby sustaining satiety and fat free Body mass, sustaining energy expenditure. Green tea catechins and capsaicin in red pepper in part meet these requirements by sustaining energy expenditure and increasing fat oxidation, while capsaicin also suppresses hunger and food intake. Protein intake of at least 0,8 g/kg Body Weight meets these requirements in that it, during decreased energy intake, increases food intake control including control of food reward, and counteracts adaptive thermogenesis. Prevention of overWeight and obesity is underscored by dietary restraint, implying control of sensitivity to challenges to energy balance such as food reward and circadian misalignment. Treatment of overWeight and obesity may be possible using a medium-high protein diet (0,8–1,2 g/kg), together with increased dietary restraint, while controlling challenges to energy balance.
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nutraceuticals for Body Weight Management the role of green tea catechins
Physiology & Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Pilou L H R Janssens, Rick Hursel, Margriet S WesterterpplantengaAbstract:Green tea catechins mixed with caffeine have been proposed as adjuvants for maintaining or enhancing energy expenditure and for increasing fat oxidation, in the context of prevention and treatment of obesity. These catechins-caffeine mixtures seem to counteract the decrease in metabolic rate that occurs during Weight loss. Their effects are of particular importance during Weight maintenance after Weight loss. Other metabolic targets may be fat absorption and the gut microbiota composition, but these effects still need further investigation in combination with Weight loss. Limitations for the effects of green tea catechins are moderating factors such as genetic predisposition related to COMT-activity, habitual caffeine intake, and ingestion combined with dietary protein. In conclusion, a mixture of green tea catechins and caffeine has a beneficial effect on Body-Weight Management, especially by sustained energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and preservation of fat free Body-mass, after energy restriction induced Body-Weight loss, when taking the limitations into account.
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sex differences in energy homeostatis following a diet relatively high in protein exchanged with carbohydrate assessed in a respiration chamber in humans
Physiology & Behavior, 2009Co-Authors: Margriet S Westerterpplantenga, M P G M Lejeune, Astrid J Smeets, Natalie D LuscombemarshAbstract:Abstract Context Obesity prevalence is generally higher in women than in men, and a paucity of research with sex-specific approaches exists. The question arises whether current Weight loss programmes, largely developed and tested on women, are appropriate for men. Objective Investigate 24 h energy metabolism, satiety and related hormones during a diet relatively high in protein (HP), exchanged with carbohydrate compared to an adequate-protein (AP) diet, in a respiration chamber in men, in comparison with previous outcomes in women. Design Ten healthy males (BMI: 22.5 ± 1.6 kg/m 2 , age: 25 ± 3.5 y) were fed in energy balance with an AP (10/60/30% of energy of protein/carbohydrate/fat) or a HP (30/40/30% of energy of protein/carbohydrate/fat) diet in a randomized cross-over design. Results During the HP diet, 24 h Energy Expenditure (10.5 ± 0.5 vs 10.0 ± 0.5 MJ/d; p p p p p p p p Conclusions Effects of a diet relatively high in protein exchanged with carbohydrate, vs an adequate protein diet are a stronger increased energy expenditure, fat oxidation, protein anabolism in men, and a stronger increased satiety in women, thereby creating sex-specific conditions for long-term use for Body-Weight Management.
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long term effects of consumption of a novel fat emulsion in relation to Body Weight Management
International Journal of Obesity, 2007Co-Authors: K Diepvens, Stijn Soenen, Jan Steijns, Myrtha Arnold, Margriet S WesterterpplantengaAbstract:To assess Weight maintenance after Weight loss by consumption of yoghurt with a novel fat emulsion (Olibra) including effects on Body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), fat oxidation, hunger feelings and satiety hormones. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel design. A 6-week Weight loss period (2.1 MJ/day) was followed by 18 weeks Weight maintenance with test (Olibra) or placebo yoghurt. Fifty overWeight women (age: 18–58 years, Body mass index (BMI) 25–32 kg/m2). In weeks 1, 7 and 25, a satiety test with questionnaires and blood samples for analysis of satiety hormones. In weeks 2, 8 and 26, REE, Body Weight and Body composition. During Weight maintenance after significant Body Weight reduction, there was no significant increase in Body Weight in the test group (1.1±3.4 kg); the placebo group did gain Weight (3.0±3.1 kg, P<0.001). Compared to the placebo group, the test group was less hungry 4 h after yoghurt consumption in week 25 (P<0.05) and showed increased glucagon like peptide-1 values 180 min after yoghurt consumption (week 25 vs week 1, P<0.05). Measured REE as a function of fat-free mass (FFM) was significantly higher than predicted REE (P<0.05) in week 26 for the test group, but not for the placebo group. Fat mass (FM) was significantly more decreased in the test group (6.5±4.1 kg) compared to the placebo group (4.1±3.6 kg) (week 26 vs week 2, P<0.05). Consumption of Olibra yoghurt improved Weight maintenance compared to placebo, which can be explained by the relatively higher REE as a function of FFM, relatively higher decrease in FM and the relatively lower increase in hunger.
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obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine ephedrine capsaicin and green tea
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2007Co-Authors: K Diepvens, Klaas R Westerterp, Margriet S WesterterpplantengaAbstract:The global prevalence of obesity has increased considerably in the last decade. Tools for obesity Management, including caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea have been proposed as strategies for Weight loss and Weight maintenance, since they may increase energy expenditure and have been proposed to counteract the decrease in metabolic rate that is present during Weight loss. A combination of caffeine and ephedrine has shown to be effective in long-term Weight Management, likely due to different mechanisms that may operate synergistically, e.g., respectively inhibiting the phosphodiesterase-induced degradation of cAMP and enhancing the sympathetic release of catecholamines. However, adverse effects of ephedrine prevent the feasibility of this approach. Capsaicin has been shown to be effective, yet when it is used clinically it requires a strong compliance to a certain dosage, that has not been shown to be feasible yet. Also positive effects on Body-Weight Management have been shown using green tea mixtures. Green tea, by containing both tea catechins and caffeine, may act through inhibition of catechol O-methyl-transferase, and inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Here, the mechanisms may also operate synergistically. In addition, tea catechins have antiangiogenic properties that may prevent development of overWeight and obesity. Furthermore, the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the regulation of lipolysis, and the sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue may play an important role in the regulation of total Body fat in general.
Arne Astrup - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are dietary proteins the key to successful Body Weight Management a systematic review and meta analysis of studies assessing Body Weight outcomes after interventions with increased dietary protein
Nutrients, 2021Co-Authors: Thea Toft Hansen, Arne Astrup, Anders SjodinAbstract:The primary aim was to systematically review the current evidence investigating if dietary interventions rich in protein lead to improved Body Weight Management in adults with excessive Body Weight. The secondary aim was to investigate potential modifying effects of phenotyping. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified 375 randomized controlled trials with 43 unique trials meeting the inclusion criteria. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used for a thorough risk of bias assessment. Based on 37 studies evaluating effects of dietary protein on Body Weight, the participants with increased protein intake (ranging from 18-59 energy percentage [E%]) were found to reduce Body Weight by 1.6 (1.2; 2.0) kg (mean [95% confidence interval]) compared to controls (isocaloric interventions with energy reduction introduced in certain studies). Individuals with prediabetes were found to benefit more from a diet high in protein compared to individuals with normoglycemia, as did individuals without the obesity risk allele (AA genotype) compared to individuals with the obesity risk alleles (AG and GG genotypes). Thus, diets rich in protein would seem to have a moderate beneficial effect on Body Weight Management.
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is reducing appetite beneficial for Body Weight Management in the context of overWeight and obesity a systematic review and meta analysis from clinical trials assessing Body Weight Management after exposure to satiety enhancing and or hunger reducing products
Obesity Reviews, 2019Co-Authors: Thea Toft Hansen, Sarah Vold Andersen, Arne Astrup, John E Blundell, Anders SjodinAbstract:This review aims to investigate whether interventions that enhance satiety and/or reduce hunger lead to beneficial effects on Body Weight Management in the context of overWeight and obesity. A comprehensive review protocol was prepared before conducting a systematic search in PubMed identifying 517 papers with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria. A thorough risk of bias assessment was performed based on the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Based on a meta‐analysis, the average of 75 subjects exposed to satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing foods during more than 8 weeks coincidently reduced their Body Weight by 3.60 (1.05; 6.15) kg (mean (95% confidence interval)) more compared with controls. Two studies analysed whether individual reductions in appetite were associated with Body Weight. Decreased ad libitum energy intake after exposure to the satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing interventions explained 58% (P < 0.001) and 23% (P < 0.001) of the variations in the subsequent Weight losses over 12 and 8 weeks, respectively. Robust acute effects on appetite were found equally likely to be linked to improved Body Weight Management as sustained effects. Satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing interventions are supported to improve Body Weight Management, but studies specifically designed to demonstrate a causal link remain needed.
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the relevance of increased fat oxidation for Body Weight Management metabolic inflexibility in the predisposition to Weight gain
Obesity Reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Arne AstrupAbstract:Cells, tissues and organisms have the ability to rapidly switch substrate oxidation from carbohydrate to fat in response to changes in nutrient intake, and to changes in energy demands, environmental cues and internal signals. In healthy, metabolically normal individuals, substrate switching occurs rapidly and completely; in other words, substrate switching is 'flexible'. A growing Body of evidence demonstrates that a blunted substrate switching from low- to high-fat oxidation exists in obese individuals, as well as in pre-obese and post-obese, and that this 'metabolic inflexibility' may be a genetically determined trait. A decreased fat oxidation can lead to a positive energy balance under conditions of high-fat feeding, due to depletion of glycogen stores that stimulates appetite and energy intake through glucostatic and glucogenostatic mechanisms, e.g. hepatic sensing of glycogen stores. Several genetic polymorphisms and single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified that are associated with low-fat oxidation rates and metabolic inflexibility, and genetic identification of susceptible individuals may lead to personalized prevention of Weight gain using fat oxidation stimulants ('fat burners') in the future.
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the role of low fat diets and fat substitutes in Body Weight Management what have we learned from clinical studies
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 1997Co-Authors: Arne Astrup, Soren Toubro, Anne Raben, A R SkovAbstract:Abstract The introduction of low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets for the prevention and treatment of obesity was based on the causal link established between dietary fat and Body fatness. Observational and mechanistic studies show that because fat possesses a lower satiating power than carbohydrate and protein, a diet rich in fat can increase energy intake. The propensity to gain Weight is enhanced in susceptible persons, particularly sedentary people who have a genetic predisposition to obesity. Low-fat diets cause Weight loss proportional to pretreatment Body Weight in a dose-dependent manner; that is, Weight loss is correlated positively to the reduction in dietary fat content. A reduction of 10% fat energy produces an average 5-kg Weight loss in obese persons. As with traditional calorie counting diets, obese persons lose Weight only if they adhere to the prescribed low-fat diet. Failure to achieve a Weight loss and to maintain it may be attributed in part to lack of adherence to the diet. After a major Weight loss, an ad libitum low-fat diet program appears to be superior to calorie counting in maintaining the Weight loss 2 years later. Replacing some fat with protein instead of carbohydrate may increase the Weight loss further. Moreover, fat substitutes may make it easier to prevent and treat obesity by making the diet palatable. More randomized, controlled, long-term dietary intervention studies are warranted to identify the optimal diet composition for the treatment of obesity. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(suppl):S82-S87 .
Anders Sjodin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are dietary proteins the key to successful Body Weight Management a systematic review and meta analysis of studies assessing Body Weight outcomes after interventions with increased dietary protein
Nutrients, 2021Co-Authors: Thea Toft Hansen, Arne Astrup, Anders SjodinAbstract:The primary aim was to systematically review the current evidence investigating if dietary interventions rich in protein lead to improved Body Weight Management in adults with excessive Body Weight. The secondary aim was to investigate potential modifying effects of phenotyping. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified 375 randomized controlled trials with 43 unique trials meeting the inclusion criteria. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used for a thorough risk of bias assessment. Based on 37 studies evaluating effects of dietary protein on Body Weight, the participants with increased protein intake (ranging from 18-59 energy percentage [E%]) were found to reduce Body Weight by 1.6 (1.2; 2.0) kg (mean [95% confidence interval]) compared to controls (isocaloric interventions with energy reduction introduced in certain studies). Individuals with prediabetes were found to benefit more from a diet high in protein compared to individuals with normoglycemia, as did individuals without the obesity risk allele (AA genotype) compared to individuals with the obesity risk alleles (AG and GG genotypes). Thus, diets rich in protein would seem to have a moderate beneficial effect on Body Weight Management.
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is reducing appetite beneficial for Body Weight Management in the context of overWeight and obesity a systematic review and meta analysis from clinical trials assessing Body Weight Management after exposure to satiety enhancing and or hunger reducing products
Obesity Reviews, 2019Co-Authors: Thea Toft Hansen, Sarah Vold Andersen, Arne Astrup, John E Blundell, Anders SjodinAbstract:This review aims to investigate whether interventions that enhance satiety and/or reduce hunger lead to beneficial effects on Body Weight Management in the context of overWeight and obesity. A comprehensive review protocol was prepared before conducting a systematic search in PubMed identifying 517 papers with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria. A thorough risk of bias assessment was performed based on the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Based on a meta‐analysis, the average of 75 subjects exposed to satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing foods during more than 8 weeks coincidently reduced their Body Weight by 3.60 (1.05; 6.15) kg (mean (95% confidence interval)) more compared with controls. Two studies analysed whether individual reductions in appetite were associated with Body Weight. Decreased ad libitum energy intake after exposure to the satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing interventions explained 58% (P < 0.001) and 23% (P < 0.001) of the variations in the subsequent Weight losses over 12 and 8 weeks, respectively. Robust acute effects on appetite were found equally likely to be linked to improved Body Weight Management as sustained effects. Satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing interventions are supported to improve Body Weight Management, but studies specifically designed to demonstrate a causal link remain needed.
Thea Toft Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are dietary proteins the key to successful Body Weight Management a systematic review and meta analysis of studies assessing Body Weight outcomes after interventions with increased dietary protein
Nutrients, 2021Co-Authors: Thea Toft Hansen, Arne Astrup, Anders SjodinAbstract:The primary aim was to systematically review the current evidence investigating if dietary interventions rich in protein lead to improved Body Weight Management in adults with excessive Body Weight. The secondary aim was to investigate potential modifying effects of phenotyping. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified 375 randomized controlled trials with 43 unique trials meeting the inclusion criteria. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used for a thorough risk of bias assessment. Based on 37 studies evaluating effects of dietary protein on Body Weight, the participants with increased protein intake (ranging from 18-59 energy percentage [E%]) were found to reduce Body Weight by 1.6 (1.2; 2.0) kg (mean [95% confidence interval]) compared to controls (isocaloric interventions with energy reduction introduced in certain studies). Individuals with prediabetes were found to benefit more from a diet high in protein compared to individuals with normoglycemia, as did individuals without the obesity risk allele (AA genotype) compared to individuals with the obesity risk alleles (AG and GG genotypes). Thus, diets rich in protein would seem to have a moderate beneficial effect on Body Weight Management.
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is reduction in appetite beneficial for Body Weight Management in the context of overWeight and obesity yes according to the satin satiety innovation study
Journal of Nutritional Science, 2019Co-Authors: Thea Toft Hansen, Bethan R Mead, Jesus Garciagavilan, Sanne Kellebjerg Korndal, Joanne A Harrold, Lucia Camachobarcia, Christian Ritz, Paul ChristiansenAbstract:New dietary-based concepts are needed for treatment and effective prevention of overWeight and obesity. The primary objective was to investigate if reduction in appetite is associated with improved Weight loss maintenance. This cohort study was nested within the European Commission project Satiety Innovation (SATIN). Participants achieving ≥8% Weight loss during an initial 8-week low-energy formula diet were included in a 12-week randomised double-blind parallel Weight loss maintenance intervention. The intervention included food products designed to reduce appetite or matching controls along with instructions to follow national dietary guidelines. Appetite was assessed by ad libitum energy intake and self-reported appetite evaluations using visual analogue scales during standardised appetite probe days. These were evaluated at the first day of the maintenance period compared with baseline (acute effects after a single exposure of intervention products) and post-maintenance compared with baseline (sustained effects after repeated exposures of intervention products) regardless of randomisation. A total of 181 participants (forty-seven men and 134 women) completed the study. Sustained reduction in 24-h energy intake was associated with improved Weight loss maintenance (R 0·37; P = 0·001), whereas the association was not found acutely (P = 0·91). Suppression in self-reported appetite was associated with improved Weight loss maintenance both acutely (R −0·32; P = 0·033) and sustained (R −0·33; P = 0·042). Reduction in appetite seems to be associated with improved Body Weight Management, making appetite-reducing food products an interesting strategy for dietary-based concepts.
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is reducing appetite beneficial for Body Weight Management in the context of overWeight and obesity a systematic review and meta analysis from clinical trials assessing Body Weight Management after exposure to satiety enhancing and or hunger reducing products
Obesity Reviews, 2019Co-Authors: Thea Toft Hansen, Sarah Vold Andersen, Arne Astrup, John E Blundell, Anders SjodinAbstract:This review aims to investigate whether interventions that enhance satiety and/or reduce hunger lead to beneficial effects on Body Weight Management in the context of overWeight and obesity. A comprehensive review protocol was prepared before conducting a systematic search in PubMed identifying 517 papers with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria. A thorough risk of bias assessment was performed based on the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Based on a meta‐analysis, the average of 75 subjects exposed to satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing foods during more than 8 weeks coincidently reduced their Body Weight by 3.60 (1.05; 6.15) kg (mean (95% confidence interval)) more compared with controls. Two studies analysed whether individual reductions in appetite were associated with Body Weight. Decreased ad libitum energy intake after exposure to the satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing interventions explained 58% (P < 0.001) and 23% (P < 0.001) of the variations in the subsequent Weight losses over 12 and 8 weeks, respectively. Robust acute effects on appetite were found equally likely to be linked to improved Body Weight Management as sustained effects. Satiety enhancing and/or hunger reducing interventions are supported to improve Body Weight Management, but studies specifically designed to demonstrate a causal link remain needed.
Tina Vilsboll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of basic carbohydrate counting versus standard outpatient nutritional education the bcc study study protocol for a randomised parallel open label intervention study focusing on hba1c and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes
BMJ Open, 2019Co-Authors: Bettina Ewers, Jens M Bruun, Tina VilsbollAbstract:Introduction Recommendations on energy intake are key in Body Weight Management to improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). International clinical guidelines recommend a variety of eating patterns to promote energy restriction as the primary dietetic approach to Body Weight control in managing T2D. In addition, individualised guidance on self-monitoring carbohydrate intake to optimise meal timing and food choices (eg, basic carbohydrate counting (BCC)) is recommended to achieve glycaemic control. However, the evidence for this approach in T2D is limited. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of an educational programme in BCC as add-on to the usual dietary care on glycaemic control in people with T2D. Methods and analyses The study is designed as a randomised, controlled trial with a parallel-group design. The study duration is 12 months with data collection at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months. We plan to include 226 adults with T2D. Participants will be randomised to one of two interventions: (1) BCC as add-on to usual dietary care or (2) usual dietary care. The primary outcome is changes in glycated haemoglobin A1c or mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions from baseline and after 6-month intervention between and within study groups. Further outcome measures include changes in time in range, Body Weight and composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, mathematical literacy skills, carbohydrate estimation accuracy, dietary intake, diet-related quality of life, perceived competencies in diet and diabetes and perceptions of an autonomy supportive dietician-led climate, physical activity and urinary biomarkers. Ethics and dissemination The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. Study findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Trial registration number NCT03623139.