The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Timothy J Bartness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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White Adipose Tissue lacks significant vagal innervation and immunohistochemical evidence of parasympathetic innervation
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Antonio Giordano, Kay C Song, Robert R Bowers, Christopher J Ehlen, Andrea Frontini, Saverio Cinti, Timothy J BartnessAbstract:Converging evidence indicates that White Adipose Tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) based on immunohistochemical labeling of a SNS marker (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH])...
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Sensory or sympathetic White Adipose Tissue denervation differentially affects depot growth and cellularity.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory integrative and comparative physiology, 2004Co-Authors: Haifei Shi, Antonio Giordano, Saverio Cinti, C. Kay Song, Timothy J BartnessAbstract:Functional and histological evidence for the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of White Adipose Tissue (WAT) exists for several species; however, its sensory innervation has only been sh...
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photoperiodic regulation of gene expression in brown and White Adipose Tissue of siberian hamsters phodopus sungorus
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2002Co-Authors: Gregory E Demas, Robert R Bowers, Timothy J Bartness, Thomas W GettysAbstract:Siberian hamsters exhibit seasonal fluctuations in White Adipose Tissue (WAT) mass, with peaks in long “summerlike” days (LDs) and nadirs in short “winterlike” days (SDs). These responses can be mi...
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central nervous system origins of the sympathetic nervous system outflow to White Adipose Tissue
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1998Co-Authors: Maryam Bamshad, Victor T Aoki, Gregory M Adkison, Wade S Warren, Timothy J BartnessAbstract:White Adipose Tissue (WAT) is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic nervous system (SNS) neurons, suggesting that lipid mobilization could be regulated by the SNS [T. G. Youngstrom and T. J. Bar...
J P Dulor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression of specific White Adipose Tissue genes in denervation induced skeletal muscle fatty degeneration
FEBS Letters, 1998Co-Authors: J P Dulor, Brigitte Cambon, Pierre Vigneron, Yves Reyne, Jean Nougues, Louis Casteilla, Francis BacouAbstract:Denervation of skeletal muscle results in rapid atrophy with loss of contractile mass and/or progressive degeneration of muscle fibers which are replaced to a greater or lesser degree by connective and fatty Tissues. In this study, we show that denervated rabbit muscles are transformed into a White Adipose Tissue, depending on their fiber types. This Tissue does express LPL, G3PDH and particularly the ob gene, a White Adipose Tissue-specific marker, and does not express the brown Adipose Tissue molecular marker UCP1 mRNA.
Masatsugu Horiuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Irbesartan increased PPARγ activity in vivo in White Adipose Tissue of atherosclerotic mice and improved Adipose Tissue dysfunction.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2011Co-Authors: Masaru Iwai, Harumi Kan-no, Izumi Senba, Hirotomo Nakaoka, Tomozo Moritani, Masatsugu HoriuchiAbstract:Research highlights: {yields} Atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoEKO) mice were treated with irbesartan. {yields} Irbesartan decreased White Adipose Tissue weight without affecting body weight. {yields} DNA-binding for PPAR{gamma} was increased in White Adipose Tissue in vivo by irbesartan. {yields} Irbesartan increased adipocyte number in White Adipose Tissue. {yields} Irbesatan increased the expression of adiponectin and leptin in White Adipose Tissue. -- Abstract: The effect of the PPAR{gamma} agonistic action of an AT{sub 1} receptor blocker, irbesartan, on Adipose Tissue dysfunction was explored using atherosclerotic model mice. Adult male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoEKO) mice at 9 weeks of age were treated with a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) with or without irbesartan at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. The weight of epididymal and retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue was decreased by irbesartan without changing food intake or body weight. Treatment with irbesartan increased the expression of PPAR{gamma} in White Adipose Tissue and the DNA-binding activity of PPAR{gamma} in nuclear extract prepared from Adipose Tissue. The expression of adiponectin, leptin and insulin receptor was also increased by irbesartan. These results suggest that irbesartan induced activation of PPAR{gamma} and improved Adipose Tissue dysfunction including insulin resistance.
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Nifedipine, a Calcium-Channel Blocker, Attenuated Glucose Intolerance and White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic KK-Ay Mice
American journal of hypertension, 2010Co-Authors: Masaru Iwai, Harumi Kan-no, Shinji Inaba, Izumi Senba, Hisako Sone, Hirotomo Nakaoka, Masatsugu HoriuchiAbstract:BACKGROUND To explore the metabolic actions of nifedipine on diabetes, we examined glucose intolerance and White Adipose Tissue changes in type 2 diabetic KK-A y mice. METHODS Male KK-A y mice were treated with nifedipine (1.5 mg/kg/day in lab chow) for 5 weeks, which did not affect blood pressure or feeding of KK-A y mice. RESULTS After treatment with nifedipine, body weight tended to decrease and the weight of White Adipose Tissue was reduced. Without food restriction, nifedipine decreased plasma insulin level, while plasma glucose level tended to decrease. In oral glucose tolerance test, nifedipine suppressed the increase in glucose level after a glucose load without affecting plasma insulin concentration. Nifedipine also improved the result of insulin tolerance test. In White Adipose Tissue, nifedipine increased adipocyte number and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein related to adipocyte differentiation. In addition, expression of adiponectin, insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, and glucose transporter type-4 was also increased by nifedipine. Nifedipine also increased the expression of NO synthase in White Adipose Tissue. Nifedipine did not affect expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) and type 2 (AT 2 ) receptors in White Adipose Tissue. Such changes in White Adipose Tissue were apparent in retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue. Nifedipine did not change the expression of angiotensin receptors, renin receptor, and angiotensinogen in White Adipose Tissue. Moreover, nifedipine attenuated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in White Adipose Tissue. CONCLUSION These results suggest that nifedipine can enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce White Adipose Tissue, possibly related to stimulation of adipocyte differentiation.
Julian L. Griffin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inorganic nitrate promotes the browning of White Adipose Tissue through the nitrate nitrite nitric oxide pathway
Diabetes, 2015Co-Authors: Lee D. Roberts, Julian L. Griffin, Tom Ashmore, Aleksandra O Kotwica, Steven A Murfitt, Bernadette O Fernandez, Martin Feelisch, Andrew J MurrayAbstract:Inorganic nitrate was once considered an oxidation end product of nitric oxide metabolism with little biological activity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that dietary nitrate can modulate mitochondrial function in man and is effective in reversing features of the metabolic syndrome in mice. Using a combined histological, metabolomics, and transcriptional and protein analysis approach, we mechanistically defined that nitrate not only increases the expression of thermogenic genes in brown Adipose Tissue but also induces the expression of brown adipocyte–specific genes and proteins in White Adipose Tissue, substantially increasing oxygen consumption and fatty acid β-oxidation in adipocytes. Nitrate induces these phenotypic changes through a mechanism distinct from known physiological small molecule activators of browning, the recently identified nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. The nitrate-induced browning effect was enhanced in hypoxia, a serious comorbidity affecting White Adipose Tissue in obese individuals, and corrected impaired brown adipocyte–specific gene expression in White Adipose Tissue in a murine model of obesity. Because resulting beige/brite cells exhibit antiobesity and antidiabetic effects, nitrate may be an effective means of inducing the browning response in Adipose Tissue to treat the metabolic syndrome.
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Methods for performing lipidomics in White Adipose Tissue.
Methods in enzymology, 2014Co-Authors: Lee D. Roberts, James A. West, Antonio Vidal-puig, Julian L. GriffinAbstract:Abstract Lipid metabolism is central to the function of White Adipose Tissue, with the Tissue having a central role in storing triacylglycerides following feeding and releasing free fatty acids and monoacylglycerides during periods of fasting. In addition, lipid species have been suggested to play a role in lipotoxicity and as signaling molecules during Adipose Tissue inflammation. This chapter details how mass spectrometry (MS) can be used to profile a range of lipid species found in Adipose Tissue. The initial step required in any MS-based approach is to extract the lipid fraction from the Tissue. We detail one commonly used method based on the Folch extraction procedure. The total fatty acid composition of the lipid fraction can readily be defined using gas chromatography–MS, and we provide a method routinely used for rodent and human Adipose Tissue samples. However, such approaches do not provide insight into what lipid classes the various fatty acids are associated with. To better understand the global lipid profile of the Tissue, we provide a general-purpose liquid chromatography–MS-based approach useful for processing phospholipids, free fatty acids, and triacylglycerides. In addition, we provide a method for profiling eicosanoids, a class of important lipid-signaling molecules, which have been implicated in White Adipose Tissue inflammation in rodent models of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
Rodrigo P A Barros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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participation of erα and erβ in glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle and White Adipose Tissue
American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism, 2009Co-Authors: Rodrigo P A Barros, Chiara Gabbi, Andrea Morani, Margaret Warner, Janake GustafssonAbstract:Glucose uptake and homeostasis are regulated mainly by skeletal muscle (SM), White Adipose Tissue (WAT), pancreas, and the liver. Participation of estradiol in this regulation is still under intens...