The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Burcu Pinar Alakoc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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femme fatale the lethality of female suicide Bombers
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2020Co-Authors: Burcu Pinar AlakocAbstract:Are female suicide Bombers deadlier than male suicide Bombers? Utilizing newly coded data on the tactical attributes of suicide terrorism worldwide from 1998 to 2015, this study shows that the use ...
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Femme Fatale: The Lethality of Female Suicide Bombers
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2018Co-Authors: Burcu Pinar AlakocAbstract:AbstractAre female suicide Bombers deadlier than male suicide Bombers? Utilizing newly coded data on the tactical attributes of suicide terrorism worldwide from 1998 to 2015, this study shows that the use of female suicide Bombers is not only positively correlated with the lethality of the suicide attacks, but also accentuates the existing tactical advantages of suicide terrorism. Especially in the cases of soft targets like civilians, and easily accessible locations, the deadliest outcomes result from those attacks carried out by female suicide Bombers.
Wade S Karren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lightning Strikes and Thunder Claps: The Strategic Bomber and Air Superiority
2012Co-Authors: Wade S KarrenAbstract:Abstract : The bomber has occupied the center of Air Force doctrine since the advent of airpower redefined power projection. In 1926 the US Army s Training Regulation no. 440-15, Fundamental Principles for the Employment of the Air Service, stated that airpower should be used offensively, primarily to secure the control of the air, and, secondarily, to disrupt and delay enemy communications and ground establishments. 1 The primary function became known as air superiority. Even during the early days of aviation, the importance of aerial bombardment in establishing air superiority became readily apparent. As the bomber s attributes of range, payload, and precision matured over a number of major conflicts, the establishment of air superiority over enemy territory together with the efficiencies associated with this process developed as well. Today, high-technology capabilities make an adversary s air defenses difficult to defeat. Although the bomber s attributes have decreased the amount of time needed to attain air superiority, they are no longer sufficient to overcome modern defenses. The heavy bomber s ability to strike critical command and control (C2) nodes, severely damage enemy airfields, and degrade air defenses with great precision early in a conflict can still give the United States a distinct and overwhelming advantage. However, if we wish to maintain a capable bomber force as well as remain competitive in a contested environment, both modernization and acceleration of the speed of offensive operations must become a strategic and operational imperative. Unfortunately, air superiority historically has been more closely associated with the fighter force while Bombers have played their crucial role in relative obscurity since the end of World War II. In a high-technology conflict, the rapid attainment of air superiority will prove essential.
Rebecca Grant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Return of the Bomber: The Future of Long-Range Strike
2007Co-Authors: Rebecca GrantAbstract:Abstract : This monograph on the future of the bomber begins with an introduction that chronicles the success of the VIII Bomber Command during World War II. The commander of the VIII Bomber Command, Brig. Gen. Ira C. Eaker, U.S. Army Air Forces, led his fliers on long-range missions into the heart of Nazi-occupied Europe. Things have changed since then. The Air Force stopped acquiring new Bombers in 1997, and the result is a "bomber gap." The USAF has maintained its bomber fleet, but the fleet is old and in constant need of modernization. The lack of modern Bombers severely hampers the United States' long-range strike capabilities. Part I, The Bomber Gap, reviews 80 years of American bomber force development, the demise of the B-2 bomber program, the success of the B-52 in Operation Desert Storm despite the glory going to precision attack by fighters rather than strategic bombing, and the risks of having an insufficient fleet of long-range stealthy Bombers. Part II focuses on modernizing the existing bomber fleet; the use of the B-52 and the B-1B in Iraq in 1996 and 1998; the debut of the B-2 in Serbia in March 1999; and the role of the B-52, B-1B, and B-2 in Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001 and in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Part III, Closing the Gap, examines the warning signs that the current long-range strike force will not be adequate for the future, including barriers to forward base access; a change in course about the bomber fleet that started with a December 2003 long-range strike summit and the February 2004 Corona South meetings; and the 2005 Quadrennial Defense Review's key goal: "Develop a new land-based, penetrating long-range strike capability to be fielded by 2018 while modernizing the current bomber force." Part IV looks at the desired capabilities of a new 2018 bomber in terms of range, payload, survivability, speed, and persistence; optionally manned Bombers; and autonomous refueling. Part V presents the views of skeptics and other challenges.
Michael J. Soules - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The tradeoffs of using female suicide Bombers
Conflict Management and Peace Science, 2020Co-Authors: Michael J. SoulesAbstract:Why are there so few female suicide Bombers despite their tactical effectiveness? To explain the rarity of this phenomenon, I examine the tradeoffs that armed groups face when using female suicide Bombers. While rigid gender norms make female Bombers more effective because security personnel are less suspicious of them, gender inequality also drives down the demand for female suicide Bombers. I posit that the tradeoffs of using female Bombers induce a curvilinear relationship between women’s status and the prevalence of female suicide Bombers. Specifically, I argue that female Bombers will be more common in countries with middling levels of gender equality than in highly equal or unequal societies. Using data on over 5,500 suicide attacks, from 1974 to 2016, I find support for this hypothesis.
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the tradeoffs of using female suicide Bombers
Conflict Management and Peace Science, 2020Co-Authors: Michael J. SoulesAbstract:Why are there so few female suicide Bombers despite their tactical effectiveness? To explain the rarity of this phenomenon, I examine the tradeoffs that armed groups face when using female suicide ...
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martyr or mystery female suicide Bombers and information availability
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2019Co-Authors: Michael J. SoulesAbstract:An extensive body of literature examines how the media depicts female suicide Bombers. However, there has been little systematic testing of these theories. I test common arguments about how female ...
David Lester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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female suicide Bombers clues from journalists
Suicidology online, 2011Co-Authors: David LesterAbstract:Friedman (2008) noted that American news media has paid a great deal of attention to female suicide Bombers in recent years. Friedman examined a sample of reports from 2002 to 2004 to see how these women were portrayed and found five typical motives: (1) strategic desirability, (2) the influence of men, (3) revenge, (4) desperation, and (5) liberation. Friedman was also interested in how the news reports reinforced or challenged popular beliefs about women and war. The orientation of Friedman's study was the behavior of the news media and journalists and how their biases influence public opinion. In contrast, the present paper explores what we can learn about female suicide Bombers from the reports of journalists. Since suicide Bombers, unless captured on the way to their goal, are deceased, they are unavailable for study. As a result, the use of open- source information, such as reports in the media, becomes of great importance (Lee, David & Noji, 2007). In the case of female suicide Bombers, the relative scarcity of female cases makes understanding their motives even more difficult. Psychologists rarely have the opportunity to interview female suicide Bombers, and so the reports from journalists may provide important clues to the psychodynamics of these women. The present paper is based on reports about female suicide Bombers downloaded from The New York Times using www.lexisnexis.com and the search term "female suicide bomber" (accessed May 13, 2010). Seventy-six articles were listed and downloaded. These articles were read for information pertaining to the past history and motivations of the females. The majority of articles simply noted that the suicide bomber was female, but a few included details of her life. All of those with relevant information are cited in the included case descriptions. Journalist reports, mainly from the New York Times, are used to identify the motives behind female suicide Bombers: post-traumatic stress, feelings of burdensomeness, feeling of hopeless and despair, and a desire to transform their image in their families and communities. Keywords: female suicide Bombers, motives, media, journalists Copyrights belong to the Author(s). Suicidology Online (SOL) is a peer-reviewed open-access journal publishing under the Creative Commons Licence 3.0.p />
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are suicide Bombers heroes
Psychological Reports, 2010Co-Authors: David LesterAbstract:Using criteria proposed for heroes by Blau, et al. (2009), it is argued that suicide Bombers (especially men) may fit the criteria for heroes. Language: en
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female suicide Bombers and burdensomeness
Psychological Reports, 2010Co-Authors: David LesterAbstract:Brief case descriptions from journalists are presented to illustrate the role of traumatic experiences, the sense of being a burden to their families, and shame and humiliation in female suicide Bombers.
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how do american undergraduates view suicide Bombers
Psychological Reports, 2008Co-Authors: David Lester, Matthias FrankAbstract:69 American undergraduates (M(age) = 22.1 yr., SD = 5.9) viewed suicide Bombers and guerilla fighters who kill civilians more negatively than they view protest suicide and guerilla fighters who kill soldiers. Language: en
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suicide Bombers are psychological profiles possible
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2004Co-Authors: David Lester, Bijou Yang, Mark LindsayAbstract:Research on the characteristics of suicide Bombers is reviewed. Contrary to previous commentary, it is suggested that suicide Bombers may share personality traits (such as the "authoritarian personality") that psychological profiles of suicide Bombers might be feasible, and that the suicide Bombers may be characterized by the risk factors that increase the probability of suicide.‐
