The Experts below are selected from a list of 336 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

George S Abela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • atheromatous plaque cap thickness can be determined by quantitative color analysis during angioscopy implications for identifying the vulnerable plaque
    Clinical Cardiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Akira Miyamoto, Alejandro R Prieto, Stephan E Friedl, Freeman C Lin, James E Muller, Richard W Nesto, George S Abela
    Abstract:

    Background: Coronary angioscopy in acute myocardial infarction has frequently revealed disrupted yellow lesions. Furthermore, postmortem studies have demonstrated that these lesions have thin collagenous caps with underlying lipid-rich cores. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the yellow color is due to visualization of reflected light from the lipid-rich yellow core through a thin fibrous cap. Thus, quantification of yellow color saturation may estimate plaque cap thickness and identify vulnerable plaques. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the feasibility of detecting cap thickness was tested using both a Model of lipid-rich plaque and human atherosclerotic plaque. The Model was constructed by injecting a yellow beta-carotene-lipid emulsion subendothelially into normal Bovine aorta. Human plaque was obtained from cadaver aorta. Digitized images were obtained by angioscopy, and percent yellow saturation was analyzed using a custom computer program. Plaque cap thickness was measured by planimetry of digitized images on stained tissue sections. Percent yellow saturation was then correlated with plaque cap thickness. Results: In the Bovine Model, plaque cap thickness and percent yellow saturation correlated inversely (r2 = 0.91; p = 0.0001). In human plaques, yellow saturation was significantly greater in atheromatous than in white plaques (p< 0.0004). Also, there was a high correlation between plaque cap thickness and yellow saturation at various angles of view between 40° and 90°, the greatestbetween50° and 80° (r2 = 0.75 to 0.88). Conclusion: Plaque cap thickness is a determinant of plaque color, and this can be assessed by quantitative colorimetry. Thus, plaque color by angioscopy may be useful for detecting vulnerable plaques.

  • atheromatous plaque cap thickness can be determined by quantitative color analysis during angioscopy implications for identifying the vulnerable plaque
    Clinical Cardiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Akira Miyamoto, Alejandro R Prieto, Stephan E Friedl, James E Muller, Richard W Nesto, George S Abela
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Coronary angioscopy in acute myocardial infarction has frequently revealed disrupted yellow lesions. Furthermore, postmortem studies have demonstrated that these lesions have thin collagenous caps with underlying lipid-rich cores. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the yellow color is due to visualization of reflected light from the lipid-rich yellow core through a thin fibrous cap. Thus, quantification of yellow color saturation may estimate plaque cap thickness and identify vulnerable plaques. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, the feasibility of detecting cap thickness was tested using both a Model of lipid-rich plaque and human atherosclerotic plaque. The Model was constructed by injecting a yellow beta-carotene-lipid emulsion subendothelially into normal Bovine aorta. Human plaque was obtained from cadaver aorta. Digitized images were obtained by angioscopy, and percent yellow saturation was analyzed using a custom computer program. Plaque cap thickness was measured by planimetry of digitized images on stained tissue sections. Percent yellow saturation was then correlated with plaque cap thickness. RESULTS: In the Bovine Model, plaque cap thickness and percent yellow saturation correlated inversely (r2 = 0.91; p = 0.0001). In human plaques, yellow saturation was significantly greater in atheromatous than in white plaques (p < 0.0004). Also, there was a high correlation between plaque cap thickness and yellow saturation at various angles of view between 40 degrees and 90 degrees, the greatest between 50 degrees and 80 degrees (r2 = 0.75 to 0.88). CONCLUSION: Plaque cap thickness is a determinant of plaque color, and this can be assessed by quantitative colorimetry. Thus, plaque color by angioscopy may be useful for detecting vulnerable plaques.

Akira Miyamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • atheromatous plaque cap thickness can be determined by quantitative color analysis during angioscopy implications for identifying the vulnerable plaque
    Clinical Cardiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Akira Miyamoto, Alejandro R Prieto, Stephan E Friedl, Freeman C Lin, James E Muller, Richard W Nesto, George S Abela
    Abstract:

    Background: Coronary angioscopy in acute myocardial infarction has frequently revealed disrupted yellow lesions. Furthermore, postmortem studies have demonstrated that these lesions have thin collagenous caps with underlying lipid-rich cores. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the yellow color is due to visualization of reflected light from the lipid-rich yellow core through a thin fibrous cap. Thus, quantification of yellow color saturation may estimate plaque cap thickness and identify vulnerable plaques. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the feasibility of detecting cap thickness was tested using both a Model of lipid-rich plaque and human atherosclerotic plaque. The Model was constructed by injecting a yellow beta-carotene-lipid emulsion subendothelially into normal Bovine aorta. Human plaque was obtained from cadaver aorta. Digitized images were obtained by angioscopy, and percent yellow saturation was analyzed using a custom computer program. Plaque cap thickness was measured by planimetry of digitized images on stained tissue sections. Percent yellow saturation was then correlated with plaque cap thickness. Results: In the Bovine Model, plaque cap thickness and percent yellow saturation correlated inversely (r2 = 0.91; p = 0.0001). In human plaques, yellow saturation was significantly greater in atheromatous than in white plaques (p< 0.0004). Also, there was a high correlation between plaque cap thickness and yellow saturation at various angles of view between 40° and 90°, the greatestbetween50° and 80° (r2 = 0.75 to 0.88). Conclusion: Plaque cap thickness is a determinant of plaque color, and this can be assessed by quantitative colorimetry. Thus, plaque color by angioscopy may be useful for detecting vulnerable plaques.

  • atheromatous plaque cap thickness can be determined by quantitative color analysis during angioscopy implications for identifying the vulnerable plaque
    Clinical Cardiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Akira Miyamoto, Alejandro R Prieto, Stephan E Friedl, James E Muller, Richard W Nesto, George S Abela
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Coronary angioscopy in acute myocardial infarction has frequently revealed disrupted yellow lesions. Furthermore, postmortem studies have demonstrated that these lesions have thin collagenous caps with underlying lipid-rich cores. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the yellow color is due to visualization of reflected light from the lipid-rich yellow core through a thin fibrous cap. Thus, quantification of yellow color saturation may estimate plaque cap thickness and identify vulnerable plaques. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, the feasibility of detecting cap thickness was tested using both a Model of lipid-rich plaque and human atherosclerotic plaque. The Model was constructed by injecting a yellow beta-carotene-lipid emulsion subendothelially into normal Bovine aorta. Human plaque was obtained from cadaver aorta. Digitized images were obtained by angioscopy, and percent yellow saturation was analyzed using a custom computer program. Plaque cap thickness was measured by planimetry of digitized images on stained tissue sections. Percent yellow saturation was then correlated with plaque cap thickness. RESULTS: In the Bovine Model, plaque cap thickness and percent yellow saturation correlated inversely (r2 = 0.91; p = 0.0001). In human plaques, yellow saturation was significantly greater in atheromatous than in white plaques (p < 0.0004). Also, there was a high correlation between plaque cap thickness and yellow saturation at various angles of view between 40 degrees and 90 degrees, the greatest between 50 degrees and 80 degrees (r2 = 0.75 to 0.88). CONCLUSION: Plaque cap thickness is a determinant of plaque color, and this can be assessed by quantitative colorimetry. Thus, plaque color by angioscopy may be useful for detecting vulnerable plaques.

Peter O Newton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spinal growth modulation with an anterolateral flexible tether in an immature Bovine Model disc health and motion preservation
    Spine, 2008
    Co-Authors: Peter O Newton, Fran D Faro, Christine L Farnsworth, Fazir Mohamad, Kevin B Fricka, Eric Breisch, Andrew Mahar, Tim Odell, Vidyadhar V Upasani, David Amiel
    Abstract:

    STUDY DESIGN An immature Bovine Model was used to evaluate multilevel anterolateral flexible tethering in a growing spine. OBJECTIVE To evaluate radiographic, biochemical, histologic, and biomechanical results of tethered spinal growth. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA An anterolateral flexible tether has been shown to create a kyphotic and scoliotic spinal deformity in calves. Subsequent disc health and spinal motion has not been analyzed. METHODS Four consecutive thoracic vertebral bodies (T6-T9) were instrumented anteriorly in 36 1-month-old calves. Seventeen animals (Tether Group) were instrumented with a vertebral staple-two screw construct connected by 2 flexible stainless steel cables. Nineteen animals (Control Group) were instrumented with 1 vertebral body screw with no connecting cable. After a 6-month survival period, the spines were harvest en-bloc and underwent radiographic, computed tomography, biochemical, histologic, and biomechanical analysis. RESULTS On average, 37.6 degrees +/- 10.6 degrees of coronal and 18.0 degrees +/- 9.9 degrees of sagittal deformity was created in the Tether Group, with significant vertebral wedging toward the tether (P < 0.001). Disc thickness decreased significantly in the Tether Group (P < 0.001), however, disc wedging was not observed. There was no change in gross morphologic disc health or disc water content (P = 0.73). However, proteoglycan synthesis was significantly greater in the tethered discs compared with controls (P < 0.001), and collagen type distribution was different with a trend toward increased type II collagen present on the tethered side of the disc (P = 0.09). Tethers significantly increased spinal stiffness in lateral bending and in flexion/extension (P < 0.05) without affecting torsional stiffness, however, after tether removal range of motion returned to control values. CONCLUSION Tethering resulted in vertebral wedging while maintaining spinal flexibility. Although changes in proteoglycan synthesis, collagen type distribution, and disc thickness were observed, the tethered discs had similar water content to control discs and did not demonstrate gross morphologic signs of degeneration. Growth modulation is an attractive treatment option for growing patients with scoliosis, avoiding multilevel fusions or brace wear. Strategies for fusionless scoliosis correction should preserve disc health, as adolescent patients will rely on these discs for decades after treatment.

  • titanium versus stainless steel for anterior spinal fusions an analysis of rod stress as a predictor of rod breakage during physiologic loading in a Bovine Model
    Spine, 2007
    Co-Authors: Michelle Wedemeyer, Stefan Parent, Andrew Mahar, Tim Odell, Troy Swimmer, Peter O Newton
    Abstract:

    Study Design. In vitro biomechanical evaluation of rod stress during physiologic loading of anterior scoliosis instrumentation. Objectives. To determine effects of material properties and rod diameter on rod stresses in anterior scoliosis instrumentation. Summary of Background Data. Relationships between instrumentation dimensions, materials, and potential rod failure in anterior scoliosis instrumentation remain unclear. Methods. Eighteen immature Bovine spines were randomized to 3 groups: 1) 4.0-mm stainless steel, 2) 5.0-mm stainless steel, and 3) 4.75-mm titanium alloy. Spines underwent physiologic tests in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and torsion. Rod surface strains were converted to rod stress and normalized to each material's yield stress. Construct stiffness and the normalized rod stresses were compared with a one-way ANOVA (P Results. The 4.0-mm steel and 4.75-mm titanium construct stiffness was similar across all tests. The 5.0-mm steel system was significantly stiffer than 4.0-mm steel (lateral bending/torsion) and 4.75-mm titanium (torsion/flexion) constructs. Rod surface stress was significantly lower for the 4.75-mm titanium rod compared with 4.0-mm and 5.0-mm steel rods for all tests. Conclusions. The percentage of yield stress was lowest for the 4.75-mm Ti rod for all tests due to titanium's greater yield stress. This suggests the 4.75-mm rod has a lower fatigue failure risk than either steel construct.

  • multilevel spinal growth modulation with an anterolateral flexible tether in an immature Bovine Model
    Spine, 2005
    Co-Authors: Peter O Newton, Fran D Faro, Christine L Farnsworth, Gary S Shapiro, Fazir Mohamad, Stefan Parent, Kevin B Fricka
    Abstract:

    Study Design.A Bovine Model was used to evaluate the effects of a multilevel anterolateral flexible tether in a growing spine.Objective.To evaluate the radiographic changes in a growing spine with a multilevel anterolateral tether.Summary of Background Data.Spinal growth modulation has long been con

  • asymmetrical flexible tethering of spine growth in an immature Bovine Model
    Spine, 2002
    Co-Authors: Peter O Newton, Christine L Farnsworth, Kevin B Fricka, Steven S Lee, Tyler G Cox, Andrew Mahar
    Abstract:

    STUDY DESIGN A 12-week Bovine survival study of tethering anterior spine growth that included untethered control subjects. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects that a flexible cable attached to the anterolateral aspect of the thoracic spine has on spine growth in rapidly growing calves. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The search for a way to correct scoliosis without the use of an arthrodesis continues in an attempt to maintain normal spine mobility. Experience in the hemiepiphyseal stapling of long bones has provided a background rationale for attempting growth modulation in the spine. It is postulated that a mechanical tether to the anterior and lateral growth of the spine in a growing child with scoliosis may allow spontaneous correction of sagittal and coronal plane deformity obviating the need for an arthrodesis. METHODS Eight calves (age, 3-4 weeks; weight, 47 +/- 4.6 kg) underwent right-side thoracotomies exposing the thoracic spine. Laterally directed anterior vertebral body screws were placed into each body and two vertebrae, either T6 and T7 or T8 and T9, were tethered with a stainless steel cable. After 12 weeks, radiographs were obtained to evaluate the degree of deformity that had developed. In addition, biomechanical testing to determine the range of motion in the tethered and untethered segments was performed. RESULTS The calves increased their weight 153% during the 12-week postoperative period. The radiographic analysis demonstrated scoliosis of 11.6 degrees +/- 4.8 degrees in the tethered levels, as compared with 0.3 degrees +/- 1.7 degrees in the control segments (P < 0.0001). Similarly, kyphosis developed in the tethered segments (5.1 degrees +/- 5.8 degrees ), as compared with -1.8 degrees +/- 3.1 degrees at the control levels (P = 0.01). There was a significant wedging of the disc in the tethered (6.8 degrees +/- 1.6 degrees ) as compared with the untethered (0.7 degrees +/- 2 degrees ) segments (P < 0.0001). There was a trend toward lower height of the vertebrae on the tethered right side, as compared with the left side in the tethered segments (P = 0.075), whereas no side-to-side difference was noted in the control subjects (P = 0.48). Biomechanical analysis showed that the tether did not affect the range of motion in axial rotation or flexion-extension. However, the tether did restrict lateral bending as compared with that of the control subjects. When the tether was cut, the range of motion returned to levels matching that of the untethered control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Anterolateral tethering of the spine creates kyphosis and scoliosis in this rapidly growing Bovine Model. The spinal tether limited motion primarily in lateral flexion. However, total lateral bending motion returned to levels comparable with control motion segments after removal of the tether. This method of spine growth modulation may provide a possible treatment for the correction of spine deformities without arthrodesis in patients who are skeletally immature. The exact mechanisms of growth modulation and the effects of tethering on disc function and integrity are unknown and deserve further study.

Richard W Nesto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • atheromatous plaque cap thickness can be determined by quantitative color analysis during angioscopy implications for identifying the vulnerable plaque
    Clinical Cardiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Akira Miyamoto, Alejandro R Prieto, Stephan E Friedl, Freeman C Lin, James E Muller, Richard W Nesto, George S Abela
    Abstract:

    Background: Coronary angioscopy in acute myocardial infarction has frequently revealed disrupted yellow lesions. Furthermore, postmortem studies have demonstrated that these lesions have thin collagenous caps with underlying lipid-rich cores. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the yellow color is due to visualization of reflected light from the lipid-rich yellow core through a thin fibrous cap. Thus, quantification of yellow color saturation may estimate plaque cap thickness and identify vulnerable plaques. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the feasibility of detecting cap thickness was tested using both a Model of lipid-rich plaque and human atherosclerotic plaque. The Model was constructed by injecting a yellow beta-carotene-lipid emulsion subendothelially into normal Bovine aorta. Human plaque was obtained from cadaver aorta. Digitized images were obtained by angioscopy, and percent yellow saturation was analyzed using a custom computer program. Plaque cap thickness was measured by planimetry of digitized images on stained tissue sections. Percent yellow saturation was then correlated with plaque cap thickness. Results: In the Bovine Model, plaque cap thickness and percent yellow saturation correlated inversely (r2 = 0.91; p = 0.0001). In human plaques, yellow saturation was significantly greater in atheromatous than in white plaques (p< 0.0004). Also, there was a high correlation between plaque cap thickness and yellow saturation at various angles of view between 40° and 90°, the greatestbetween50° and 80° (r2 = 0.75 to 0.88). Conclusion: Plaque cap thickness is a determinant of plaque color, and this can be assessed by quantitative colorimetry. Thus, plaque color by angioscopy may be useful for detecting vulnerable plaques.

  • atheromatous plaque cap thickness can be determined by quantitative color analysis during angioscopy implications for identifying the vulnerable plaque
    Clinical Cardiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Akira Miyamoto, Alejandro R Prieto, Stephan E Friedl, James E Muller, Richard W Nesto, George S Abela
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Coronary angioscopy in acute myocardial infarction has frequently revealed disrupted yellow lesions. Furthermore, postmortem studies have demonstrated that these lesions have thin collagenous caps with underlying lipid-rich cores. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the yellow color is due to visualization of reflected light from the lipid-rich yellow core through a thin fibrous cap. Thus, quantification of yellow color saturation may estimate plaque cap thickness and identify vulnerable plaques. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, the feasibility of detecting cap thickness was tested using both a Model of lipid-rich plaque and human atherosclerotic plaque. The Model was constructed by injecting a yellow beta-carotene-lipid emulsion subendothelially into normal Bovine aorta. Human plaque was obtained from cadaver aorta. Digitized images were obtained by angioscopy, and percent yellow saturation was analyzed using a custom computer program. Plaque cap thickness was measured by planimetry of digitized images on stained tissue sections. Percent yellow saturation was then correlated with plaque cap thickness. RESULTS: In the Bovine Model, plaque cap thickness and percent yellow saturation correlated inversely (r2 = 0.91; p = 0.0001). In human plaques, yellow saturation was significantly greater in atheromatous than in white plaques (p < 0.0004). Also, there was a high correlation between plaque cap thickness and yellow saturation at various angles of view between 40 degrees and 90 degrees, the greatest between 50 degrees and 80 degrees (r2 = 0.75 to 0.88). CONCLUSION: Plaque cap thickness is a determinant of plaque color, and this can be assessed by quantitative colorimetry. Thus, plaque color by angioscopy may be useful for detecting vulnerable plaques.

Kevin B Fricka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spinal growth modulation with an anterolateral flexible tether in an immature Bovine Model disc health and motion preservation
    Spine, 2008
    Co-Authors: Peter O Newton, Fran D Faro, Christine L Farnsworth, Fazir Mohamad, Kevin B Fricka, Eric Breisch, Andrew Mahar, Tim Odell, Vidyadhar V Upasani, David Amiel
    Abstract:

    STUDY DESIGN An immature Bovine Model was used to evaluate multilevel anterolateral flexible tethering in a growing spine. OBJECTIVE To evaluate radiographic, biochemical, histologic, and biomechanical results of tethered spinal growth. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA An anterolateral flexible tether has been shown to create a kyphotic and scoliotic spinal deformity in calves. Subsequent disc health and spinal motion has not been analyzed. METHODS Four consecutive thoracic vertebral bodies (T6-T9) were instrumented anteriorly in 36 1-month-old calves. Seventeen animals (Tether Group) were instrumented with a vertebral staple-two screw construct connected by 2 flexible stainless steel cables. Nineteen animals (Control Group) were instrumented with 1 vertebral body screw with no connecting cable. After a 6-month survival period, the spines were harvest en-bloc and underwent radiographic, computed tomography, biochemical, histologic, and biomechanical analysis. RESULTS On average, 37.6 degrees +/- 10.6 degrees of coronal and 18.0 degrees +/- 9.9 degrees of sagittal deformity was created in the Tether Group, with significant vertebral wedging toward the tether (P < 0.001). Disc thickness decreased significantly in the Tether Group (P < 0.001), however, disc wedging was not observed. There was no change in gross morphologic disc health or disc water content (P = 0.73). However, proteoglycan synthesis was significantly greater in the tethered discs compared with controls (P < 0.001), and collagen type distribution was different with a trend toward increased type II collagen present on the tethered side of the disc (P = 0.09). Tethers significantly increased spinal stiffness in lateral bending and in flexion/extension (P < 0.05) without affecting torsional stiffness, however, after tether removal range of motion returned to control values. CONCLUSION Tethering resulted in vertebral wedging while maintaining spinal flexibility. Although changes in proteoglycan synthesis, collagen type distribution, and disc thickness were observed, the tethered discs had similar water content to control discs and did not demonstrate gross morphologic signs of degeneration. Growth modulation is an attractive treatment option for growing patients with scoliosis, avoiding multilevel fusions or brace wear. Strategies for fusionless scoliosis correction should preserve disc health, as adolescent patients will rely on these discs for decades after treatment.

  • multilevel spinal growth modulation with an anterolateral flexible tether in an immature Bovine Model
    Spine, 2005
    Co-Authors: Peter O Newton, Fran D Faro, Christine L Farnsworth, Gary S Shapiro, Fazir Mohamad, Stefan Parent, Kevin B Fricka
    Abstract:

    Study Design.A Bovine Model was used to evaluate the effects of a multilevel anterolateral flexible tether in a growing spine.Objective.To evaluate the radiographic changes in a growing spine with a multilevel anterolateral tether.Summary of Background Data.Spinal growth modulation has long been con

  • asymmetrical flexible tethering of spine growth in an immature Bovine Model
    Spine, 2002
    Co-Authors: Peter O Newton, Christine L Farnsworth, Kevin B Fricka, Steven S Lee, Tyler G Cox, Andrew Mahar
    Abstract:

    STUDY DESIGN A 12-week Bovine survival study of tethering anterior spine growth that included untethered control subjects. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects that a flexible cable attached to the anterolateral aspect of the thoracic spine has on spine growth in rapidly growing calves. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The search for a way to correct scoliosis without the use of an arthrodesis continues in an attempt to maintain normal spine mobility. Experience in the hemiepiphyseal stapling of long bones has provided a background rationale for attempting growth modulation in the spine. It is postulated that a mechanical tether to the anterior and lateral growth of the spine in a growing child with scoliosis may allow spontaneous correction of sagittal and coronal plane deformity obviating the need for an arthrodesis. METHODS Eight calves (age, 3-4 weeks; weight, 47 +/- 4.6 kg) underwent right-side thoracotomies exposing the thoracic spine. Laterally directed anterior vertebral body screws were placed into each body and two vertebrae, either T6 and T7 or T8 and T9, were tethered with a stainless steel cable. After 12 weeks, radiographs were obtained to evaluate the degree of deformity that had developed. In addition, biomechanical testing to determine the range of motion in the tethered and untethered segments was performed. RESULTS The calves increased their weight 153% during the 12-week postoperative period. The radiographic analysis demonstrated scoliosis of 11.6 degrees +/- 4.8 degrees in the tethered levels, as compared with 0.3 degrees +/- 1.7 degrees in the control segments (P < 0.0001). Similarly, kyphosis developed in the tethered segments (5.1 degrees +/- 5.8 degrees ), as compared with -1.8 degrees +/- 3.1 degrees at the control levels (P = 0.01). There was a significant wedging of the disc in the tethered (6.8 degrees +/- 1.6 degrees ) as compared with the untethered (0.7 degrees +/- 2 degrees ) segments (P < 0.0001). There was a trend toward lower height of the vertebrae on the tethered right side, as compared with the left side in the tethered segments (P = 0.075), whereas no side-to-side difference was noted in the control subjects (P = 0.48). Biomechanical analysis showed that the tether did not affect the range of motion in axial rotation or flexion-extension. However, the tether did restrict lateral bending as compared with that of the control subjects. When the tether was cut, the range of motion returned to levels matching that of the untethered control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Anterolateral tethering of the spine creates kyphosis and scoliosis in this rapidly growing Bovine Model. The spinal tether limited motion primarily in lateral flexion. However, total lateral bending motion returned to levels comparable with control motion segments after removal of the tether. This method of spine growth modulation may provide a possible treatment for the correction of spine deformities without arthrodesis in patients who are skeletally immature. The exact mechanisms of growth modulation and the effects of tethering on disc function and integrity are unknown and deserve further study.