The Experts below are selected from a list of 31980 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Johan Buyse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in Broiler Chickens
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hai Lin, Eddy Decuypere, Johan BuyseAbstract:The stress responses and possible oxidative damage in plasma, liver and heart were investigated in Broiler Chickens acutely exposed to high temperature. Eighty 5-week old Broiler Chickens were exposed to 32 degrees C for 6h. The extent of lipid peroxidation, activities of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant power in plasma, liver and heart tissues were investigated. Meanwhile, the blood metabolites such as glucose, urate, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, corticosterone, ceruloplasmin and creatine kinase were measured before and after 3 and 6h of heat exposure. The results showed that oxidative stress could be induced in 5-week old Broiler Chickens by acute heat exposure (32 degrees C, 6h). The results suggest that the elevated body temperature can induce the metabolic changes that are involved in the induction of oxidative stress. The liver is more susceptible to oxidative stress than heart during acute heat exposure in Broiler Chickens. The oxidative stress should be considered as part of the stress response of Broiler Chickens to heat exposure.
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acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in Broiler Chickens
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hai Lin, Eddy Decuypere, Johan BuyseAbstract:Abstract The stress responses and possible oxidative damage in plasma, liver and heart were investigated in Broiler Chickens acutely exposed to high temperature. Eighty 5-week old Broiler Chickens were exposed to 32 °C for 6 h. The extent of lipid peroxidation, activities of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant power in plasma, liver and heart tissues were investigated. Meanwhile, the blood metabolites such as glucose, urate, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, corticosterone, ceruloplasmin and creatine kinase were measured before and after 3 and 6 h of heat exposure. The results showed that oxidative stress could be induced in 5-week old Broiler Chickens by acute heat exposure (32 °C, 6 h). The results suggest that the elevated body temperature can induce the metabolic changes that are involved in the induction of oxidative stress. The liver is more susceptible to oxidative stress than heart during acute heat exposure in Broiler Chickens. The oxidative stress should be considered as part of the stress response of Broiler Chickens to heat exposure.
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oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration in Broiler Chickens gallus gallus domesticus 1 chronic exposure
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2004Co-Authors: Eddy Decuypere, Johan BuyseAbstract:The effects of long-term dietary administration of corticosterone (CORT) on the induction of oxidative injury in Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were evaluated. The experimental Broiler Chickens were fed with a diet supplemented with 30 mg CORT/kg diet for 2 weeks from 14 days of age onwards, while control Chickens continued to consume the control diet. The growth performance parameters were recorded weekly, and a blood sample was obtained from eight birds of both groups before CORT administration and at 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment. The results showed that chronic CORT administration resulted in enhanced proteolysis and gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, CORT administration may initially induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indirectly reflected by an increase in lipid peroxidation. However, the significantly increased plasma uric acid (UA) and ceruloplasmin (CP) levels after 3 days of treatment indicates an enhancement of the nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity during stress, and in this way, the development of a more severe oxidative injury is alleviated. Broiler Chickens seem to adapt to high circulating CORT levels in terms of their redox homeostasis after 3 days of treatment under the present experimental conditions.
Hai Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of heat stress on the gene expression of nutrient transporters in the jejunum of Broiler Chickens gallus gallus domesticus
International Journal of Biometeorology, 2015Co-Authors: Xiaolei Sun, Hai Lin, Haichao Zhang, Ardashir Sheikhahmadi, Yufeng Wang, Hongchao Jiao, Zhigang SongAbstract:In Broiler Chickens, heat stress disrupts nutrient digestion and absorption. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clearly understood. Hence, to investigate the effects of high ambient temperatures on the expression levels of nutrient transporters in the jejunum of Broiler Chickens, seventy-two 35-day-old male Broiler Chickens with similar body weights were randomly allocated into two groups: control (24 ± 1 °C) and heat-stressed (32 ± 1 °C). The Chickens in the heat-stressed group were exposed to 10 h of heat daily from 08:00 to 18:00 and then raised at 24 ± 1 °C. The rectal temperature and feed intake of the Chickens were recorded daily. After 7 days, nine Chickens per group were sacrificed by exsanguination, and the jejunum was collected. The results show that heat exposure significantly decreased the feed intake and increased the rectal temperature of the Broiler Chickens. The plasma concentrations of uric acid and triglyceride significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the heat-stressed group. No significant differences in the levels of plasma glucose, total amino acids, and very low-density lipoprotein were observed between the heat-stressed and control groups. However, the plasma concentration of glucose tended to be higher (P = 0.09) in the heat-stressed group than in the control group. Heat exposure did not significantly affect the mRNA levels of Na+-dependent glucose transporter 1 and amino acid transporters y + LAT1, CAT1, r-BAT, and PePT-1. However, the expression levels of GLUT-2, FABP1, and CD36 were significantly decreased by heat exposure. The results of this study provide new insights into the mechanisms by which heat stress affects nutrient absorption in Broiler Chickens. Our findings suggest that periodic heat exposure might alter the jejunal glucose and lipid transport rather than amino acid transport. However, intestinal epithelial damage and cell loss should be considered when interpreting the effects of heat stress on the expression of intestinal transporters.
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acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in Broiler Chickens
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hai Lin, Eddy Decuypere, Johan BuyseAbstract:Abstract The stress responses and possible oxidative damage in plasma, liver and heart were investigated in Broiler Chickens acutely exposed to high temperature. Eighty 5-week old Broiler Chickens were exposed to 32 °C for 6 h. The extent of lipid peroxidation, activities of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant power in plasma, liver and heart tissues were investigated. Meanwhile, the blood metabolites such as glucose, urate, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, corticosterone, ceruloplasmin and creatine kinase were measured before and after 3 and 6 h of heat exposure. The results showed that oxidative stress could be induced in 5-week old Broiler Chickens by acute heat exposure (32 °C, 6 h). The results suggest that the elevated body temperature can induce the metabolic changes that are involved in the induction of oxidative stress. The liver is more susceptible to oxidative stress than heart during acute heat exposure in Broiler Chickens. The oxidative stress should be considered as part of the stress response of Broiler Chickens to heat exposure.
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acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in Broiler Chickens
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hai Lin, Eddy Decuypere, Johan BuyseAbstract:The stress responses and possible oxidative damage in plasma, liver and heart were investigated in Broiler Chickens acutely exposed to high temperature. Eighty 5-week old Broiler Chickens were exposed to 32 degrees C for 6h. The extent of lipid peroxidation, activities of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant power in plasma, liver and heart tissues were investigated. Meanwhile, the blood metabolites such as glucose, urate, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, corticosterone, ceruloplasmin and creatine kinase were measured before and after 3 and 6h of heat exposure. The results showed that oxidative stress could be induced in 5-week old Broiler Chickens by acute heat exposure (32 degrees C, 6h). The results suggest that the elevated body temperature can induce the metabolic changes that are involved in the induction of oxidative stress. The liver is more susceptible to oxidative stress than heart during acute heat exposure in Broiler Chickens. The oxidative stress should be considered as part of the stress response of Broiler Chickens to heat exposure.
Ian F. Connerton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bacteriophage therapy to reduce campylobacter jejuni colonization of Broiler Chickens
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: C Loc M Carrillo, R. J. Atterbury, E. Dillon, Phillippa L Connerton, Ayman Elshibiny, Andrew E Scott, Ian F. ConnertonAbstract:Colonization of Broiler Chickens by the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is widespread and difficult to prevent. Bacteriophage therapy is one possible means by which this colonization could be controlled, thus limiting the entry of campylobacters into the human food chain. Prior to evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy, experimental models of Campylobacter colonization of Broiler Chickens were established by using low-passage C. jejuni isolates HPC5 and GIIC8 from United Kingdom Broiler flocks. The screening of 53 lytic bacteriophage isolates against a panel of 50 Campylobacter isolates from Broiler Chickens and 80 strains isolated after human infection identified two phage candidates with broad host lysis. These phages, CP8 and CP34, were orally administered in antacid suspension, at different dosages, to 25-day-old Broiler Chickens experimentally colonized with the C. jejuni Broiler isolates. Phage treatment of C. jejuni-colonized birds resulted in Campylobacter counts falling between 0.5 and 5 log10 CFU/g of cecal contents compared to untreated controls over a 5-day period postadministration. These reductions were dependent on the phage-Campylobacter combination, the dose of phage applied, and the time elapsed after administration. Campylobacters resistant to bacteriophage infection were recovered from phage-treated Chickens at a frequency of <4%. These resistant types were compromised in their ability to colonize experimental Chickens and rapidly reverted to a phage-sensitive phenotype in vivo. The selection of appropriate phage and their dose optimization are key elements for the success of phage therapy to reduce campylobacters in Broiler Chickens.
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Bacteriophage therapy to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization of Broiler Chickens
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: C. M. Loc Carrillo, R. J. Atterbury, Ayman El-shibiny, E. Dillon, Phillippa L Connerton, A. Scott, Ian F. ConnertonAbstract:Colonization of Broiler Chickens by the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is widespread and difficult to prevent. Bacteriophage therapy is one possible means by which this colonization could be controlled, thus limiting the entry of campylobacters into the human food chain. Prior to evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy, experimental models of Campylobacter colonization of Broiler Chickens were established by using low-passage C. jejuni isolates HPC5 and GIIC8 from United Kingdom Broiler flocks. The screening of 53 lytic bacteriophage isolates against a panel of 50 Campylobacter isolates from Broiler Chickens and 80 strains isolated after human infection identified two phage candidates with broad host lysis. These phages, CP8 and CP34, were orally administered in antacid suspension, at different dosages, to 25-day-old Broiler Chickens experimentally colonized with the C. jejuni Broiler isolates. Phage treatment of C. jejuni-colonized birds resulted in Campylobacter counts falling between 0.5 and 5 log10 CFU/g of cecal contents compared to untreated controls over a 5-day period postadministration. These reductions were dependent on the phage-Campylobacter combination, the dose of phage applied, and the time elapsed after administration. Campylobacters resistant to bacteriophage infection were recovered from phage-treated Chickens at a frequency of
Eddy Decuypere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in Broiler Chickens
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hai Lin, Eddy Decuypere, Johan BuyseAbstract:The stress responses and possible oxidative damage in plasma, liver and heart were investigated in Broiler Chickens acutely exposed to high temperature. Eighty 5-week old Broiler Chickens were exposed to 32 degrees C for 6h. The extent of lipid peroxidation, activities of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant power in plasma, liver and heart tissues were investigated. Meanwhile, the blood metabolites such as glucose, urate, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, corticosterone, ceruloplasmin and creatine kinase were measured before and after 3 and 6h of heat exposure. The results showed that oxidative stress could be induced in 5-week old Broiler Chickens by acute heat exposure (32 degrees C, 6h). The results suggest that the elevated body temperature can induce the metabolic changes that are involved in the induction of oxidative stress. The liver is more susceptible to oxidative stress than heart during acute heat exposure in Broiler Chickens. The oxidative stress should be considered as part of the stress response of Broiler Chickens to heat exposure.
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acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in Broiler Chickens
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hai Lin, Eddy Decuypere, Johan BuyseAbstract:Abstract The stress responses and possible oxidative damage in plasma, liver and heart were investigated in Broiler Chickens acutely exposed to high temperature. Eighty 5-week old Broiler Chickens were exposed to 32 °C for 6 h. The extent of lipid peroxidation, activities of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant power in plasma, liver and heart tissues were investigated. Meanwhile, the blood metabolites such as glucose, urate, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, corticosterone, ceruloplasmin and creatine kinase were measured before and after 3 and 6 h of heat exposure. The results showed that oxidative stress could be induced in 5-week old Broiler Chickens by acute heat exposure (32 °C, 6 h). The results suggest that the elevated body temperature can induce the metabolic changes that are involved in the induction of oxidative stress. The liver is more susceptible to oxidative stress than heart during acute heat exposure in Broiler Chickens. The oxidative stress should be considered as part of the stress response of Broiler Chickens to heat exposure.
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oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration in Broiler Chickens gallus gallus domesticus 1 chronic exposure
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 2004Co-Authors: Eddy Decuypere, Johan BuyseAbstract:The effects of long-term dietary administration of corticosterone (CORT) on the induction of oxidative injury in Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were evaluated. The experimental Broiler Chickens were fed with a diet supplemented with 30 mg CORT/kg diet for 2 weeks from 14 days of age onwards, while control Chickens continued to consume the control diet. The growth performance parameters were recorded weekly, and a blood sample was obtained from eight birds of both groups before CORT administration and at 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment. The results showed that chronic CORT administration resulted in enhanced proteolysis and gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, CORT administration may initially induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indirectly reflected by an increase in lipid peroxidation. However, the significantly increased plasma uric acid (UA) and ceruloplasmin (CP) levels after 3 days of treatment indicates an enhancement of the nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity during stress, and in this way, the development of a more severe oxidative injury is alleviated. Broiler Chickens seem to adapt to high circulating CORT levels in terms of their redox homeostasis after 3 days of treatment under the present experimental conditions.
R. J. Atterbury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bacteriophage therapy to reduce salmonella colonization of Broiler Chickens
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: R. J. Atterbury, M A P Van Bergen, F Ortiz, M A Lovell, J A Harris, A G De Boer, Jaap A Wagenaar, V M Allen, Paul A BarrowAbstract:Acute enteric infections caused by salmonellas remain a major public health burden worldwide. Poultry, particularly Chickens, are known to be the main reservoir for this zoonotic pathogen. Although some progress has been made in reducing Salmonella colonization of Broiler Chickens by using biosecurity and antimicrobials, it still remains a considerable problem. The use of host-specific bacteriophages as a biocontrol is one possible intervention by which Salmonella colonization could be reduced. A total of 232 Salmonella bacteriophages were isolated from poultry farms, abattoirs, and wastewater in 2004 and 2005. Three phages exhibiting the broadest host ranges against Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis, Hadar, and Typhimurium were characterized further by determining their morphology and lytic activity in vitro. These phages were then administered in antacid suspension to birds experimentally colonized with specific Salmonella host strains. The first phage reduced S. enterica serotype Enteritidis cecal colonization by ≥4.2 log10 CFU within 24 h compared with controls. Administration of the second phage reduced S. enterica serotype Typhimurium by ≥2.19 log10 CFU within 24 h. The third bacteriophage was ineffective at reducing S. enterica serotype Hadar colonization. Bacteriophage resistance occurred at a frequency commensurate with the titer of phage being administered, with larger phage titers resulting in a greater proportion of resistant salmonellas. The selection of appropriate bacteriophages and optimization of both the timing and method of phage delivery are key factors in the successful phage-mediated control of salmonellas in Broiler Chickens.
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bacteriophage therapy to reduce campylobacter jejuni colonization of Broiler Chickens
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: C Loc M Carrillo, R. J. Atterbury, E. Dillon, Phillippa L Connerton, Ayman Elshibiny, Andrew E Scott, Ian F. ConnertonAbstract:Colonization of Broiler Chickens by the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is widespread and difficult to prevent. Bacteriophage therapy is one possible means by which this colonization could be controlled, thus limiting the entry of campylobacters into the human food chain. Prior to evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy, experimental models of Campylobacter colonization of Broiler Chickens were established by using low-passage C. jejuni isolates HPC5 and GIIC8 from United Kingdom Broiler flocks. The screening of 53 lytic bacteriophage isolates against a panel of 50 Campylobacter isolates from Broiler Chickens and 80 strains isolated after human infection identified two phage candidates with broad host lysis. These phages, CP8 and CP34, were orally administered in antacid suspension, at different dosages, to 25-day-old Broiler Chickens experimentally colonized with the C. jejuni Broiler isolates. Phage treatment of C. jejuni-colonized birds resulted in Campylobacter counts falling between 0.5 and 5 log10 CFU/g of cecal contents compared to untreated controls over a 5-day period postadministration. These reductions were dependent on the phage-Campylobacter combination, the dose of phage applied, and the time elapsed after administration. Campylobacters resistant to bacteriophage infection were recovered from phage-treated Chickens at a frequency of <4%. These resistant types were compromised in their ability to colonize experimental Chickens and rapidly reverted to a phage-sensitive phenotype in vivo. The selection of appropriate phage and their dose optimization are key elements for the success of phage therapy to reduce campylobacters in Broiler Chickens.
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Bacteriophage therapy to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization of Broiler Chickens
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: C. M. Loc Carrillo, R. J. Atterbury, Ayman El-shibiny, E. Dillon, Phillippa L Connerton, A. Scott, Ian F. ConnertonAbstract:Colonization of Broiler Chickens by the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is widespread and difficult to prevent. Bacteriophage therapy is one possible means by which this colonization could be controlled, thus limiting the entry of campylobacters into the human food chain. Prior to evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy, experimental models of Campylobacter colonization of Broiler Chickens were established by using low-passage C. jejuni isolates HPC5 and GIIC8 from United Kingdom Broiler flocks. The screening of 53 lytic bacteriophage isolates against a panel of 50 Campylobacter isolates from Broiler Chickens and 80 strains isolated after human infection identified two phage candidates with broad host lysis. These phages, CP8 and CP34, were orally administered in antacid suspension, at different dosages, to 25-day-old Broiler Chickens experimentally colonized with the C. jejuni Broiler isolates. Phage treatment of C. jejuni-colonized birds resulted in Campylobacter counts falling between 0.5 and 5 log10 CFU/g of cecal contents compared to untreated controls over a 5-day period postadministration. These reductions were dependent on the phage-Campylobacter combination, the dose of phage applied, and the time elapsed after administration. Campylobacters resistant to bacteriophage infection were recovered from phage-treated Chickens at a frequency of
