The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ignacio Moriyon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Brucellosis in sub saharan africa current challenges for management diagnosis and control
Acta Tropica, 2017Co-Authors: Marie J Ducrotoy, Wilson J Bertu, Gift Matope, S I B Cadmus, Raquel Condealvarez, Amahyel M Gusi, Susan C Welburn, Reuben A Ocholi, J M Blasco, Ignacio MoriyonAbstract:Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and affecting domestic and wild mammals. In this paper, the bacteriological and serological evidence of Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its epidemiological characteristics are discussed. The tools available for the diagnosis and treatment of human Brucellosis and for the diagnosis and control of animal Brucellosis and their applicability in the context of SSA are presented and gaps identified. These gaps concern mostly the need for simpler and more affordable antimicrobial treatments against human Brucellosis, the development of a B. melitensis vaccine that could circumvent the drawbacks of the currently available Rev 1 vaccine, and the investigation of serological diagnostic tests for camel Brucellosis and wildlife. Strategies for the implementation of animal vaccination are also discussed.
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the rose bengal test in human Brucellosis a neglected test for the diagnosis of a neglected disease
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: R Diaz, Aurora Casanova, Javier Ariza, Ignacio MoriyonAbstract:Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis affecting livestock and human beings. The human disease lacks pathognomonic symptoms and laboratory tests are essential for its diagnosis. However, most tests are difficult to implement in the areas and countries were Brucellosis is endemic. Here, we compared the simple and cheap Rose Bengal Test (RBT) with serum agglutination, Coombs, competitive ELISA, Brucellacapt, lateral flow immunochromatography for IgM and IgG detection and immunoprecipitation with Brucella proteins. We tested 208 sera from patients with Brucellosis proved by bacteriological isolation, 20 contacts with no Brucellosis, and 1559 sera of persons with no recent contact or Brucellosis symptoms. RBT was highly sensitive in acute and long evolution Brucellosis cases and this related to its ability to detect IgM, IgG and IgA, to the absence of prozones, and to the agglutinating activity of blocking IgA at the pH of the test. RBT was also highly specific in the sera of persons with no contact with Brucella. No test in this study outperformed RBT, and none was fully satisfactory in distinguishing contacts from infected patients. When modified to test serum dilutions, a diagnostic titer >4 in RBT resulted in 87.4% sensitivity (infected patients) and 100% specificity (contacts). We discuss the limitations of serological tests in the diagnosis of human Brucellosis, particularly in the more chronic forms, and conclude that simplicity and affordability of RBT make it close to the ideal test for small and understaffed hospitals and laboratories.
Jakob Zinsstag - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Persistence of Brucellosis in pastoral systems
Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2013Co-Authors: Vanessa Racloz, Esther Schelling, Nakul Chitnis, F. Roth, Jakob ZinsstagAbstract:Regarded as a highly contagious, zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution, Brucellosis is endemic in many countries and settings and is responsible for a considerable economic and health-related burden. Limited information is available on the persistence and prevalence of Brucellosis in pastoral communities, due to the difficulty in gathering information and to their mobility. However, since these communities are economically and culturally dependent on livestock, it is important to further determine the cause of persistent disease and develop possible methods for its management. The two main objectives of this paper are to review the literature, identifying various epidemiological and social factors that affect the persistence of Brucellosis in pastoral ecosystems, and determine prevalence estimates within these communities. The general trend of the summarised studies indicates low-level, relatively stable transmission of Brucellosis in pastoral areas, when compared to transmission in intensive and semi-intensive peri-urban production systems. A formal mathematical analysis can be undertaken using matrix models or coupled differential equations. This allows an examination of the various conditions under which the number of diseased, infected or exposed animals remains stable. The authors examined an existing mathematical differential equation model for Brucellosis in Mongolia for its equilibrium conditions and found it reasonably robust, though clearly more data are needed to estimate threshold densities for Brucellosis transmission in other regions of the world. However, the results indicate the importance of livestock demographic determinants for Brucellosis persistence. The paper concludes that Brucellosis remains largely persistent in pastoral areas of the world, despite (varying) control efforts. Plans to control Brucellosis in pastoral settings should include ecological considerations, such as sustaining ecosystem services in pastoral areas. This approach would include placing limitations on livestock stocking density, land reform, improved governance and integrated social and economic development.
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clinical manifestations of human Brucellosis a systematic review and meta analysis
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Anna S Dean, Lisa Crump, Helena Greter, Jan Hattendorf, E Schelling, Jakob ZinsstagAbstract:Background The objectives of this systematic review, commissioned by WHO, were to assess the frequency and severity of clinical manifestations of human Brucellosis, in view of specifying a disability weight for a DALY calculation. Methods/Principal Findings Thirty three databases were searched, with 2,385 articles published between January 1990–June 2010 identified as relating to human Brucellosis. Fifty-seven studies were of sufficient quality for data extraction. Pooled proportions of cases with specific clinical manifestations were stratified by age category and sex and analysed using generalized linear mixed models. Data relating to duration of illness and risk factors were also extracted. Severe complications of Brucellosis infection were not rare, with 1 case of endocarditis and 4 neurological cases per 100 patients. One in 10 men suffered from epididymo-orchitis. Debilitating conditions such as arthralgia, myalgia and back pain affected around half of the patients (65%, 47% and 45%, respectively). Given that 78% patients had fever, Brucellosis poses a diagnostic challenge in malaria-endemic areas. Significant delays in appropriate diagnosis and treatment were the result of health service inadequacies and socioeconomic factors. Based on disability weights from the 2004 Global Burden of Disease Study, a disability weight of 0.150 is proposed as the first informed estimate for chronic, localised Brucellosis and 0.190 for acute Brucellosis. Conclusions This systematic review adds to the understanding of the global burden of Brucellosis, one of the most common zoonoses worldwide. The severe, debilitating, and chronic impact of Brucellosis is highlighted. Well designed epidemiological studies from regions lacking in data would allow a more complete understanding of the clinical manifestations of disease and exposure risks, and provide further evidence for policy-makers. As this is the first informed estimate of a disability weight for Brucellosis, there is a need for further debate amongst Brucellosis experts and a consensus to be reached.
Qisheng Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research Progress on Brucellosis
Current medicinal chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Yuming Deng, Xinyue Liu, Kaifang Duan, Qisheng PengAbstract:Brucellosis is a debilitating febrile illness caused by an intracellular Brucella. The disease is distributed in humans and animals widely, especially in developing countries. Ten species are included in the genus Brucella nowadays; four species of them are pathogenic to humans, which make Brucellosis a zoonosis with more than 500,000 new cases reported annually. For human Brucellosis, the most pathogenic species is B. melitensis followed by B. suis, while B. abortus is the mildest type of Brucellosis. The infection mechanism of Brucella is complicated and mostly relies on its virulence factors. The therapy of the disease contains vaccination and antibiotic. However, there are some defects in currently available vaccines such as the lower protective level and safety. Thus, safe and efficient vaccines for Brucellosis are still awaited. The dual therapy of antibacterial is effective in the treatment of Brucellosis if a rapid and exact detection method is found.
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The advances in Brucellosis vaccines.
Vaccine, 2019Co-Authors: Huanhuan Hou, Xiaofeng Liu, Qisheng PengAbstract:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis affecting animal and human health. Till now, there is no effective vaccine licensed for Brucellosis in humans. Although M5, H38 and 45/20 vaccines were used to prevent animal Brucellosis in the early stages, the currently used animal vaccines are S19, Rev.1, S2, RB51 and SR82. However, these vaccines still have several drawbacks such as residual virulence and interfering conventional serological tests. With the development of DNA recombination technologies and the completion of the sequence of Brucella genome, much research focuses on the search for potential safer and more effective vaccines. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that new vaccines, including genetically engineered attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines and other potential vaccines, have higher levels of protection, but there are still some problems. In this paper, we briefly review the main vaccines that have been used in controlling the Brucellosis for decades and the progress in the development of new Brucellosis vaccines.
E Schelling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinical manifestations of human Brucellosis a systematic review and meta analysis
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Anna S Dean, Lisa Crump, Helena Greter, Jan Hattendorf, E Schelling, Jakob ZinsstagAbstract:Background The objectives of this systematic review, commissioned by WHO, were to assess the frequency and severity of clinical manifestations of human Brucellosis, in view of specifying a disability weight for a DALY calculation. Methods/Principal Findings Thirty three databases were searched, with 2,385 articles published between January 1990–June 2010 identified as relating to human Brucellosis. Fifty-seven studies were of sufficient quality for data extraction. Pooled proportions of cases with specific clinical manifestations were stratified by age category and sex and analysed using generalized linear mixed models. Data relating to duration of illness and risk factors were also extracted. Severe complications of Brucellosis infection were not rare, with 1 case of endocarditis and 4 neurological cases per 100 patients. One in 10 men suffered from epididymo-orchitis. Debilitating conditions such as arthralgia, myalgia and back pain affected around half of the patients (65%, 47% and 45%, respectively). Given that 78% patients had fever, Brucellosis poses a diagnostic challenge in malaria-endemic areas. Significant delays in appropriate diagnosis and treatment were the result of health service inadequacies and socioeconomic factors. Based on disability weights from the 2004 Global Burden of Disease Study, a disability weight of 0.150 is proposed as the first informed estimate for chronic, localised Brucellosis and 0.190 for acute Brucellosis. Conclusions This systematic review adds to the understanding of the global burden of Brucellosis, one of the most common zoonoses worldwide. The severe, debilitating, and chronic impact of Brucellosis is highlighted. Well designed epidemiological studies from regions lacking in data would allow a more complete understanding of the clinical manifestations of disease and exposure risks, and provide further evidence for policy-makers. As this is the first informed estimate of a disability weight for Brucellosis, there is a need for further debate amongst Brucellosis experts and a consensus to be reached.
Lisa Crump - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinical manifestations of human Brucellosis a systematic review and meta analysis
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Anna S Dean, Lisa Crump, Helena Greter, Jan Hattendorf, E Schelling, Jakob ZinsstagAbstract:Background The objectives of this systematic review, commissioned by WHO, were to assess the frequency and severity of clinical manifestations of human Brucellosis, in view of specifying a disability weight for a DALY calculation. Methods/Principal Findings Thirty three databases were searched, with 2,385 articles published between January 1990–June 2010 identified as relating to human Brucellosis. Fifty-seven studies were of sufficient quality for data extraction. Pooled proportions of cases with specific clinical manifestations were stratified by age category and sex and analysed using generalized linear mixed models. Data relating to duration of illness and risk factors were also extracted. Severe complications of Brucellosis infection were not rare, with 1 case of endocarditis and 4 neurological cases per 100 patients. One in 10 men suffered from epididymo-orchitis. Debilitating conditions such as arthralgia, myalgia and back pain affected around half of the patients (65%, 47% and 45%, respectively). Given that 78% patients had fever, Brucellosis poses a diagnostic challenge in malaria-endemic areas. Significant delays in appropriate diagnosis and treatment were the result of health service inadequacies and socioeconomic factors. Based on disability weights from the 2004 Global Burden of Disease Study, a disability weight of 0.150 is proposed as the first informed estimate for chronic, localised Brucellosis and 0.190 for acute Brucellosis. Conclusions This systematic review adds to the understanding of the global burden of Brucellosis, one of the most common zoonoses worldwide. The severe, debilitating, and chronic impact of Brucellosis is highlighted. Well designed epidemiological studies from regions lacking in data would allow a more complete understanding of the clinical manifestations of disease and exposure risks, and provide further evidence for policy-makers. As this is the first informed estimate of a disability weight for Brucellosis, there is a need for further debate amongst Brucellosis experts and a consensus to be reached.
