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Shinichi Abe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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desmin and Nerve terminal expression during embryonic development of the lateral pterygoid muscle in mice
Archives of Oral Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Masahito Yamamoto, Yoshinobu Ide, Takashi Shinomiya, Asuka Kishi, Shigeki Yamane, Takashi Umezawa, Shinichi AbeAbstract:Abstract Objective In adults, the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is usually divided into the upper and lower head, between which the Buccal Nerve passes. Recent investigations have demonstrated foetal developmental changes in the topographical relationship between the human LPM and Buccal Nerve. However, as few studies have investigated this issue, we clarified the expression of desmin and Nerve terminal distribution during embryonic development of the LPM in mice. Methods We utilized immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription chain reaction (RT-PCR) to clarify the expression of desmin and Nerve terminal distribution. Results We observed weak expression of desmin in the LPM at embryonic day (ED) 11, followed by an increase in expression from embryonic days 12–15. In addition, starting at ED 12, we observed preferential accumulation of desmin in the vicinity of the myotendinous junction, a trend that did not change up to ED 15. Nerve terminal first appeared at ED 13 and formed regularly spaced linear arrays at the centre of the muscle fibre by ED 15. The results of immunohistochemical staining agreed with those of RT-PCR analysis. Conclusion We found that desmin accumulated in the vicinity of the myotendinous junction starting at ED 12, prior to the onset of jaw movement. We speculate that the accumulation of desmin is due to factors other than mechanical stress experienced during early muscle contraction. Meanwhile, the time point at which Nerve terminals first appeared roughly coincided with the onset of jaw movement.
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fetal developmental change in topographical relationship between the human lateral pterygoid muscle and Buccal Nerve
Journal of Anatomy, 2012Co-Authors: Yukio Katori, Masahito Yamamoto, Sachiko Asakawa, Hirotoshi Maki, Jose Francisco Rodriguezvazquez, Gen Murakami, Shinichi AbeAbstract:In adults, the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is usually divided into the upper and lower heads, between which the Buccal Nerve passes. Using sagittal or horizontal sections of 14 fetuses and seven embryos (five specimens at approximately 20-25 weeks; five at 14-16 weeks; four at 8 weeks; seven at 6-7 weeks), we examined the topographical relationship between the LPM and the Buccal Nerve. In large fetuses later than 15 weeks, the upper head of the LPM was clearly discriminated from the lower head. However, the upper head was much smaller than the lower head in the smaller fetuses. Thus, in the latter, the upper head was better described as an 'anterior slip' extending from the lower head or the major muscle mass to the anterior side of the Buccal Nerve. The postero-anterior Nerve course seemed to be determined by a branch to the temporalis muscle (i.e. the anterior deep temporal Nerve). At 8 weeks, the Buccal Nerve passed through the roof of the small, fan-like LPM. At 6-7 weeks, the LPM anlage was embedded between the temporoBuccal Nerve trunk and the inferior alveolar Nerve. Therefore, parts of the LPM were likely to 'leak' out of slits between the origins of the mandibular Nerve branches at 7-8 weeks, and seemed to grow in size during weeks 14-20 and extend anterosuperiorly along the infratemporal surface of the prominently developing greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Consequently, the topographical relationship between the LPM and the Buccal Nerve appeared to 'change' during fetal development due to delayed development of the upper head.
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analysis of the intramuscular innervation of the lateral pterygoid muscle
Journal of Hard Tissue Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Shinichi Abe, Hiroyoshi Naito, Tadashi Nakao, Masahito Yamamoto, Sungyoon Won, Hee Jin Kim, Yoshinobu IdeAbstract:The lateral pterygoid muscle has unique anatomical, physiological and functional properties. Since it is attached to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc, its pathologies are closely related to TMJ disorders, which affect many people worldwide. Muscle structures and units are characterized by their morphological appearance, Nerve distribution and function. In the present study, we examined the intramuscular innervation pattern of the lateral pterygoid muscle using modified sihler’s method. Two types of innervation pattern were evident. In type I, representing the majority of the samples, a total of three branches arising from the main trunk of the mandibular Nerve and the Buccal Nerve innervated the inferior head of the muscle, while branches from the Buccal Nerve innervated the superior head. In type II, divisions of the lateral pterygoid Nerve branched from the Buccal Nerve located between the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle and innervated each head separately. Interestingly, muscle bundles with a stronger tendineous structure showed much more innervation than other parts of the muscle. Future studies including quantitative analysis of the Nerve distribution to the muscle bundles are warranted.
Kamal R Kanthan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the use of superficial cervical plexus block in oral and maxillofacial surgical practice as an alternative to general anesthesia in selective cases
annals of maxillofacial surgery, 2016Co-Authors: Kamal R KanthanAbstract:Aim: (1) To assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of superficial cervical plexus (SCP) block in oral and maxillofacial surgical (OMFS) practice as an alternative to general anesthesia in selective cases. (2) To assess any associated complication specifically related to the procedure. Subjects and Methods: The total number of patients was 10, out of which 6 were male and 4 were female patients. Six patients had incision and drainage of perimandibular space infections, two patients had Level Ib cervical lymph node biopsies, one patient had enucleation of cyst in the body of mandible, one patient had open reduction and internal fixation isolated angle fracture. Informed written consent was obtained from the patients after they had the procedure explained to them. Exclusion criteria included patient's refusal to undergo the procedure under regional anesthesia, allergy to local anesthetic, excessively anxious, and apprehensive patients, significant upper airway compromise warranting an endotracheal intubation to secure airway. All patients had the procedure done by the same operating surgeon. All patients had their surgical procedures under regional anesthesia (SCP block with supplemental Nerve blocks) performed by the same surgeon with satisfactory anesthesia and analgesia without any complication. Results: SCP block with concomitant mandibular Nerve and long Buccal Nerve block has a high success rate, low complication rate, and high patient acceptability as shown in the study. Conclusion: The notable anesthetic effect and adequate working time, summed with the low risk of accidents and complications, make this technique a good alternative for sensitive blockage of part of the cranial and cervical regions and have positive outcomes in selective OMFS cases.
Masahito Yamamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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desmin and Nerve terminal expression during embryonic development of the lateral pterygoid muscle in mice
Archives of Oral Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Masahito Yamamoto, Yoshinobu Ide, Takashi Shinomiya, Asuka Kishi, Shigeki Yamane, Takashi Umezawa, Shinichi AbeAbstract:Abstract Objective In adults, the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is usually divided into the upper and lower head, between which the Buccal Nerve passes. Recent investigations have demonstrated foetal developmental changes in the topographical relationship between the human LPM and Buccal Nerve. However, as few studies have investigated this issue, we clarified the expression of desmin and Nerve terminal distribution during embryonic development of the LPM in mice. Methods We utilized immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription chain reaction (RT-PCR) to clarify the expression of desmin and Nerve terminal distribution. Results We observed weak expression of desmin in the LPM at embryonic day (ED) 11, followed by an increase in expression from embryonic days 12–15. In addition, starting at ED 12, we observed preferential accumulation of desmin in the vicinity of the myotendinous junction, a trend that did not change up to ED 15. Nerve terminal first appeared at ED 13 and formed regularly spaced linear arrays at the centre of the muscle fibre by ED 15. The results of immunohistochemical staining agreed with those of RT-PCR analysis. Conclusion We found that desmin accumulated in the vicinity of the myotendinous junction starting at ED 12, prior to the onset of jaw movement. We speculate that the accumulation of desmin is due to factors other than mechanical stress experienced during early muscle contraction. Meanwhile, the time point at which Nerve terminals first appeared roughly coincided with the onset of jaw movement.
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fetal developmental change in topographical relationship between the human lateral pterygoid muscle and Buccal Nerve
Journal of Anatomy, 2012Co-Authors: Yukio Katori, Masahito Yamamoto, Sachiko Asakawa, Hirotoshi Maki, Jose Francisco Rodriguezvazquez, Gen Murakami, Shinichi AbeAbstract:In adults, the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is usually divided into the upper and lower heads, between which the Buccal Nerve passes. Using sagittal or horizontal sections of 14 fetuses and seven embryos (five specimens at approximately 20-25 weeks; five at 14-16 weeks; four at 8 weeks; seven at 6-7 weeks), we examined the topographical relationship between the LPM and the Buccal Nerve. In large fetuses later than 15 weeks, the upper head of the LPM was clearly discriminated from the lower head. However, the upper head was much smaller than the lower head in the smaller fetuses. Thus, in the latter, the upper head was better described as an 'anterior slip' extending from the lower head or the major muscle mass to the anterior side of the Buccal Nerve. The postero-anterior Nerve course seemed to be determined by a branch to the temporalis muscle (i.e. the anterior deep temporal Nerve). At 8 weeks, the Buccal Nerve passed through the roof of the small, fan-like LPM. At 6-7 weeks, the LPM anlage was embedded between the temporoBuccal Nerve trunk and the inferior alveolar Nerve. Therefore, parts of the LPM were likely to 'leak' out of slits between the origins of the mandibular Nerve branches at 7-8 weeks, and seemed to grow in size during weeks 14-20 and extend anterosuperiorly along the infratemporal surface of the prominently developing greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Consequently, the topographical relationship between the LPM and the Buccal Nerve appeared to 'change' during fetal development due to delayed development of the upper head.
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analysis of the intramuscular innervation of the lateral pterygoid muscle
Journal of Hard Tissue Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Shinichi Abe, Hiroyoshi Naito, Tadashi Nakao, Masahito Yamamoto, Sungyoon Won, Hee Jin Kim, Yoshinobu IdeAbstract:The lateral pterygoid muscle has unique anatomical, physiological and functional properties. Since it is attached to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc, its pathologies are closely related to TMJ disorders, which affect many people worldwide. Muscle structures and units are characterized by their morphological appearance, Nerve distribution and function. In the present study, we examined the intramuscular innervation pattern of the lateral pterygoid muscle using modified sihler’s method. Two types of innervation pattern were evident. In type I, representing the majority of the samples, a total of three branches arising from the main trunk of the mandibular Nerve and the Buccal Nerve innervated the inferior head of the muscle, while branches from the Buccal Nerve innervated the superior head. In type II, divisions of the lateral pterygoid Nerve branched from the Buccal Nerve located between the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle and innervated each head separately. Interestingly, muscle bundles with a stronger tendineous structure showed much more innervation than other parts of the muscle. Future studies including quantitative analysis of the Nerve distribution to the muscle bundles are warranted.
Martin B Steed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microsurgical repair of peripheral trigeminal Nerve injuries from maxillofacial trauma
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2009Co-Authors: Shahrokh C Bagheri, Roger A Meyer, Husain Ali Khan, Martin B SteedAbstract:Purpose Injuries to the peripheral branches of the trigeminal Nerve from maxillofacial trauma can have distressing sensory or functional sequelae. The present study reports the results of trigeminal microneurosurgical repair in a series of patients with maxillofacial trauma. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was completed of all patients who had undergone microneurosurgical repair of peripheral trigeminal Nerve injuries caused by maxillofacial trauma and who had been treated by one of us (R.A.M.) from March 1986 through December 2005. A physical examination, including standardized neurosensory testing, was completed on each patient preoperatively. All patients were followed up periodically after surgery for at least 1 year with neurosensory testing repeated at each visit. Sensory recovery was evaluated using the guidelines established by the Medical Research Council. The following data were collected and analyzed: patient age, gender, Nerve injured, etiology (location of fracture), chief sensory complaint (ie, numbness or pain, or both), interval from injury to surgical intervention, intraoperative findings, surgical procedure, and neurosensory status at the final evaluation. Results A total of 42 patients (25 males and 17 females) with average age of 37.1 years (range 11 to 61) and a follow-up of at least 12 months were included in the study. The most commonly injured/repaired Nerve was the inferior alveolar Nerve caused by mandibular angle fracture (n = 21), followed by the mental Nerve due to mandibular parasymphysis fracture (n = 12), the infraorbital Nerve from zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture (n = 7), and lingual Nerve and long Buccal Nerve from mandibular body fracture (n = 1 each). In 17 patients, the chief sensory complaint was numbness, and 25 patients complained of pain with or without mention of numbness. The average interval from Nerve injury to repair was 12.5 months (range 2 to 24). The most common intraoperative finding was a compression injury (n = 19), followed by partial Nerve severance (n = 9). The most frequent surgical procedure was external decompression/internal neurolysis (n = 20). Ten injured Nerves required reconstruction of a discontinuity defect with an autogenous Nerve graft (donor sural or great auricular Nerve), all of which were associated with mandibular angle or parasymphysis fractures. After a minimum of 1 year of follow-up, neurosensory testing demonstrated that 6 Nerves (14%) showed no sign of recovery, 23 Nerves (55%) had regained “useful sensory function,” and 13 Nerves (31%) showed full recovery as described by the Medical Research Council scale. Conclusions Microsurgical repair of peripheral branches of the trigeminal Nerve injured by maxillofacial trauma produced significant improvement or complete recovery in 36 (86%) of 42 patients. These results compare favorably with the microsurgical repair of peripheral trigeminal Nerve injuries resulting from other causes.
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microsurgical repair of the peripheral trigeminal Nerve after mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008Co-Authors: Shahrokh C Bagheri, Roger A Meyer, Husain Ali Khan, Jeffrey Wallace, Martin B SteedAbstract:Purpose Injuries to the inferior alveolar Nerve (IAN) and lingual Nerves (LNs) have long been known complications of the mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Most postoperative paresthesias resolve without treatment. However, microsurgical exploration of the Nerve may be indicated in cases of significant persistent sensory dysfunction associated with observed or suspected localized IAN or LN injury. We report the demographics and outcome of microsurgical exploration and repair of peripheral branches of the trigeminal Nerve injured because of the SSRO. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was completed on all patients who had microsurgical repair of peripheral trigeminal Nerve injuries caused by mandibular SSRO and were operated on by the senior author (R.A.M.) between March 1986 and December 2005. A physical examination, including standardized neurosensory testing (NST) as described by Zuniga et al, was completed on each patient preoperatively. All patients were followed periodically after surgery for at least 1 year with NST repeated at each visit. NST results obtained at the last patient visit were used to determine the final level of recovery of sensory function. Sensory recovery was evaluated using guidelines established by the Medical Research Council scale. The following data were collected and analyzed: age of patient, gender, Nerve injured, chief sensory complaint (numbness, pain, or both), duration (months) from injury to surgical intervention, intraoperative findings, surgical procedure, and neurosensory status at final evaluation. Given the retrospective nature of this study, the research was exempt from our institutional review board ethics committee. Results There were 54 (n = 54) patients (8 males and 46 females) with an average age of 36.9 years (range, 16 to 55 years) and a follow-up of at least 12 months. The most commonly injured/repaired Nerve was the IAN (n = 39), followed by the LN (n = 14), and the long Buccal Nerve (n = 1). In 31 patients (57.4%), the chief sensory complaint was numbness, while 20 patients (37%) complained of pain and numbness, and 3 patients (5.5%) complained of pain without mention of numbness. The average time from Nerve injury to repair was 9.4 months (range, 3 to 50 months). The most common intraoperative finding was a discontinuity defect (n = 18, 33.3%), followed by partial Nerve severance (n = 15, 27.8%), neuroma-in-continuity (n = 11, 20.3%), and compression injury (n = 10, 18.5%). The most frequent surgical procedure was autogenous Nerve graft reconstruction of the IAN using the sural or great auricular Nerve (n = 22, 40.7%), followed by excision of a neuroma with or without neurorrhaphy (n = 13, 24.1%). All the LN injuries (n = 14) were partial or complete severances, of which 2 were reconstructed with autogenous Nerve grafts and the other 12 underwent neurorrhaphy. The long Buccal Nerve injury required excision of a proximal stump neuroma without neurorrhaphy. After a minimum of 1-year follow-up, NST showed that 8 Nerves (14.8%) showed no sign of recovery; 19 Nerves (35.2%) had regained “useful sensory function,” and 27 Nerves (50%) showed full recovery as described by the Medical Research Council scale. Conclusions Microsurgical repair of the IAN or LN injured during the SSRO can be considered in patients with persistent, unacceptable sensory dysfunction in the distribution of the involved Nerve. Modifications of surgical technique may be helpful in reducing the incidence of such injuries. Based on our experience, an algorithm for evaluation and treatment is presented.
Yukio Katori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fetal developmental change in topographical relationship between the human lateral pterygoid muscle and Buccal Nerve
Journal of Anatomy, 2012Co-Authors: Yukio Katori, Masahito Yamamoto, Sachiko Asakawa, Hirotoshi Maki, Jose Francisco Rodriguezvazquez, Gen Murakami, Shinichi AbeAbstract:In adults, the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is usually divided into the upper and lower heads, between which the Buccal Nerve passes. Using sagittal or horizontal sections of 14 fetuses and seven embryos (five specimens at approximately 20-25 weeks; five at 14-16 weeks; four at 8 weeks; seven at 6-7 weeks), we examined the topographical relationship between the LPM and the Buccal Nerve. In large fetuses later than 15 weeks, the upper head of the LPM was clearly discriminated from the lower head. However, the upper head was much smaller than the lower head in the smaller fetuses. Thus, in the latter, the upper head was better described as an 'anterior slip' extending from the lower head or the major muscle mass to the anterior side of the Buccal Nerve. The postero-anterior Nerve course seemed to be determined by a branch to the temporalis muscle (i.e. the anterior deep temporal Nerve). At 8 weeks, the Buccal Nerve passed through the roof of the small, fan-like LPM. At 6-7 weeks, the LPM anlage was embedded between the temporoBuccal Nerve trunk and the inferior alveolar Nerve. Therefore, parts of the LPM were likely to 'leak' out of slits between the origins of the mandibular Nerve branches at 7-8 weeks, and seemed to grow in size during weeks 14-20 and extend anterosuperiorly along the infratemporal surface of the prominently developing greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Consequently, the topographical relationship between the LPM and the Buccal Nerve appeared to 'change' during fetal development due to delayed development of the upper head.
