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Gao Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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floral scent composition predicts bee pollination system in five butterfly bush Buddleja scrophulariaceae species
Plant Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Wc Gong, Gao Chen, Bruce L. Dunn, Nicolas J Vereecken, Wb SunAbstract:Traditionally, plant-pollinator interactions have been interpreted as pollination syndrome. However, the validity of pollination syndrome has been widely doubted in modern studies of pollination ecology. The pollination ecology of five Asian Buddleja species, B.asiatica, B.crispa, B.forrestii, B.macrostachya and B.myriantha, in the Sino-Himalayan region in Asia, flowering in different local seasons, with scented inflorescences were investigated during 2011 and 2012. These five species exhibited diverse floral traits, with narrow and long corolla tubes and concealed nectar. According to their floral morphology, larger bees and Lepidoptera were expected to be the major pollinators. However, field observations showed that only larger bees (honeybee/bumblebee) were the primary pollinators, ranging from 77.95% to 97.90% of total visits. In this study, floral scents of each species were also analysed using coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although the five Buddleja species emitted differentiated floral scent compositions, our results showed that floral scents of the five species are dominated by substances that can serve as attractive signals to bees, including species-specific scent compounds and principal compounds with larger relative amounts. This suggests that floral scent compositions are closely associated with the principal pollinator assemblages in these five species. Therefore, we conclude that floral scent compositions rather than floral morphology traits should be used to interpret plant-pollinator interactions in these Asian Buddleja species.
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Floral scents of typical Buddleja species with different pollination syndromes
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Gao Chen, Weichang Gong, Bruce L. Dunn, Weibang SunAbstract:Floral scents from Buddleja lindleyana, Buddleja loricata, Buddleja cordata and Buddleja tubiflora were evaluated using the dynamic headspace adsorption method and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In total, 13 compounds were identified from the flowers of B. cordata, 19 from B. lindleyana and 29 from B. loricata, representing 95.5%, 93.1% and 96.2% of the total floral scents in the three species, respectively. No floral scents were recorded from B. tubiflora. Main volatile compounds in B. cordata were trans-beta-ocimene (53.4%), lilac alcohol (9.6%) and lilac aldehyde (5.6%). Main volatile compounds in B. lindleyana were beta-caryophyllene (17.6%), alpha-farnesene (16.0%) and 3-octanone (9.8%). Main volatile compounds in B. loricata were 4-oxoisophorone (27.1%), alpha-farnesene (17.9%) and linalool (10.6%). The study suggested that the floral scents may have evolved in conjunction with the sensory capabilities of different visitors as a specific group of pollinators in representative Buddleja species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Buddleja davidii and Buddleja yunnanensis: Exploring features associated with commonness and rarity in Buddleja
Flora - Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants, 2011Co-Authors: Gao Chen, Weibang Sun, Hang Sun, Eliane M. NormanAbstract:Buddleja davidii is a widespread shrub in Asia while B. yunnanensis is a narrowly endemic species limited to Yunnan Province, China. To explore whether floral volatiles, morphological characters of flower and seed and breeding system are correlated with their distributions, we measured length and width of corolla, trichome density at corolla throat, level of stigma/anthers relationship, seed size and weight. The results indicated that these characteristics were significantly different between the two species (P < 0.01). Bagging experiments revealed that B. davidii is a self-incompatible plant while B. yunnanensis is self-compatible. Thick trichome density at the corolla throat may reduce out-crossing in B. yunnanensis. Autogamy plays an important role in fruit production of this species while B. davidii requires pollinators for fruiting. Scents were collected using dynamic headspace adsorption method and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In total, 27 floral scent compounds were identified. The volatile composition in the two species was very different. We attempted to determine if these features, associated with commonness and with rarity found in these two taxa, could also help to explain the distribution pattern of other species of the genus Buddleja. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Leaf epidermal characteristics of Asiatic Buddleja L. under scanning electron microscope: Insights into chromosomal and taxonomic significance
Flora - Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants, 2010Co-Authors: Gao Chen, Weibang Sun, Hang SunAbstract:The leaf epidermis of all 23 species from Asian Buddleja was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characteristics of trichome type, stomatal shape, cuticular membrane on adaxial and abaxial epidermis, inner margin of outer stomatal ledge and ornamentation of outer stomatal ledge are presented in this study. Among the Buddleja species, some distinct epidermal patterns were observed. These can be used to characterize and identify different sections among the Asian Buddleja species, viz. Alternifoliae. Curviflorae and Rectiflorae. In general, stomatal length of Buddleja increases with ploidy level. This character can be used to distinguish diploids from polyploids without preparation of caryograms. Based on this correlation Buddleja microstachya, B. subcapitata and B. bhutanica are characterized to be diploids, as concluded from their stomatal dimensions. Leaf epidermis characters can also be used to differentiate species pairs that are easily confused with each other, viz., B. asiatica and B. bhutanica. B. albiflora and B. nivea, B. candida and B. fallowiana, B. delavayi and B. forrestii, B. japonica and B. lindleyana, B. officinalis and B. paniculata. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Weibang Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Floral scents of typical Buddleja species with different pollination syndromes
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Gao Chen, Weichang Gong, Bruce L. Dunn, Weibang SunAbstract:Floral scents from Buddleja lindleyana, Buddleja loricata, Buddleja cordata and Buddleja tubiflora were evaluated using the dynamic headspace adsorption method and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In total, 13 compounds were identified from the flowers of B. cordata, 19 from B. lindleyana and 29 from B. loricata, representing 95.5%, 93.1% and 96.2% of the total floral scents in the three species, respectively. No floral scents were recorded from B. tubiflora. Main volatile compounds in B. cordata were trans-beta-ocimene (53.4%), lilac alcohol (9.6%) and lilac aldehyde (5.6%). Main volatile compounds in B. lindleyana were beta-caryophyllene (17.6%), alpha-farnesene (16.0%) and 3-octanone (9.8%). Main volatile compounds in B. loricata were 4-oxoisophorone (27.1%), alpha-farnesene (17.9%) and linalool (10.6%). The study suggested that the floral scents may have evolved in conjunction with the sensory capabilities of different visitors as a specific group of pollinators in representative Buddleja species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Buddleja davidii and Buddleja yunnanensis: Exploring features associated with commonness and rarity in Buddleja
Flora - Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants, 2011Co-Authors: Gao Chen, Weibang Sun, Hang Sun, Eliane M. NormanAbstract:Buddleja davidii is a widespread shrub in Asia while B. yunnanensis is a narrowly endemic species limited to Yunnan Province, China. To explore whether floral volatiles, morphological characters of flower and seed and breeding system are correlated with their distributions, we measured length and width of corolla, trichome density at corolla throat, level of stigma/anthers relationship, seed size and weight. The results indicated that these characteristics were significantly different between the two species (P < 0.01). Bagging experiments revealed that B. davidii is a self-incompatible plant while B. yunnanensis is self-compatible. Thick trichome density at the corolla throat may reduce out-crossing in B. yunnanensis. Autogamy plays an important role in fruit production of this species while B. davidii requires pollinators for fruiting. Scents were collected using dynamic headspace adsorption method and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In total, 27 floral scent compounds were identified. The volatile composition in the two species was very different. We attempted to determine if these features, associated with commonness and with rarity found in these two taxa, could also help to explain the distribution pattern of other species of the genus Buddleja. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Leaf epidermal characteristics of Asiatic Buddleja L. under scanning electron microscope: Insights into chromosomal and taxonomic significance
Flora - Morphology Distribution Functional Ecology of Plants, 2010Co-Authors: Gao Chen, Weibang Sun, Hang SunAbstract:The leaf epidermis of all 23 species from Asian Buddleja was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characteristics of trichome type, stomatal shape, cuticular membrane on adaxial and abaxial epidermis, inner margin of outer stomatal ledge and ornamentation of outer stomatal ledge are presented in this study. Among the Buddleja species, some distinct epidermal patterns were observed. These can be used to characterize and identify different sections among the Asian Buddleja species, viz. Alternifoliae. Curviflorae and Rectiflorae. In general, stomatal length of Buddleja increases with ploidy level. This character can be used to distinguish diploids from polyploids without preparation of caryograms. Based on this correlation Buddleja microstachya, B. subcapitata and B. bhutanica are characterized to be diploids, as concluded from their stomatal dimensions. Leaf epidermis characters can also be used to differentiate species pairs that are easily confused with each other, viz., B. asiatica and B. bhutanica. B. albiflora and B. nivea, B. candida and B. fallowiana, B. delavayi and B. forrestii, B. japonica and B. lindleyana, B. officinalis and B. paniculata. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Paul R. Fantz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Hybrid of Buddleja davidii var. nanhoensis 'Nanho Purple' and
2004Co-Authors: Dennis J. Werner, Paul R. FantzAbstract:A controlled cross between Buddleja davidii var. nanhoensis (Chitt.) Rehd. 'Nanho Purple' and B. lindleyana Fort. ex Lindl. produced a hybrid. Pollen viability, male fertility, and the fl oral and vegetative characters are presented with a Latin diagnosis. Buddleja x luteolufaucia Elliott and Fantz is proposed as the name for this hybrid. Hybridity was confi rmed using RAPD analysis. Buddleja L. (orthogr. syn. Buddleia) consists of ≈100 species (Griffi ths, 1994). The genus has been placed in several families including Scrophulariaceae Juss. (Rogers, 1986) and Lo- ganiaceae Mart. (Griffi ths, 1994) as well as its own family Buddlejaceae K. Wilh. (Bhattacha- ryya and Johri, 1998). Most species are tropical or subtropical shrubs originating in Asia, South Africa, and North and South America. Buddleja has a number of qualities that make it a desir- able ornamental shrub. Plants exhibit extended fl owering periods and produce long panicles of fl owers that attract butterfl ies and bees. Buddleja are widely adaptable, tolerating poor soil, heat and drought, and suffer from few pest problems, the exceptions being nematodes (Dirr, 1998) and spider mites (Gillman, 1998). Garden use of Buddleja has been limited primarily to B. davidii Franch. However, there are some notable exceptions. 'Lochinch' is an offspring of hybridization between B. davidii and B. fallowiana Balf., and possesses the silvery-gray foliage of B. fallowiana, and the hardiness, habit and panicle size of B. davidii. 'Honeycomb' and 'Sungold', both hybrids of B. globosa Hope and B. davidii, have the yellow fl ower color of B. globosa and foliar character and plant habit intermediate between these two species (Dirr, 1998). To date, hybridization of the Asian species B. davidii and B. lindleyana Fort. ex Lindl. has not been reported in literature. Buddleja lindleyana possesses characteristics that would be desirable to incorporate into B. davidii. It has evergreen to semi-evergreen foliage in zones 7 to 9, produces purple-colored panicles that are considerably longer than B. davidii, and can be encouraged to grow on a trellis or to weave through the canopy of a tree, where its long drooping panicles can be displayed with maximal effectiveness. Also, B. lindleyana is considered to be more mite resistant
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A Hybrid of Buddleja davidii var. nanhoensis `Nanho Purple' and B. lindleyana
HortScience, 2004Co-Authors: W. Elliott, Dennis J. Werner, Paul R. FantzAbstract:A controlled cross between Buddleja davidii var. nanhoensis (Chitt.) Rehd. 'Nanho Purple' and B. lindleyana Fort. ex Lindl. produced a hybrid. Pollen viability, male fertility, and the floral and vegetative characters are presented with a Latin diagnosis. Buddleja x luteolufaucia Elliott and Fantz is proposed as the name for this hybrid. Hybridity was confirmed using RAPD analysis.
Bruce L. Dunn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acclimatization of photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant metabolism to excess soil cadmium in Buddleja spp.
Scientific reports, 2020Co-Authors: Weichang Gong, Bruce L. Dunn, Yaqing Chen, Yunmei ShenAbstract:Heavy metal (HM) pollutants can cause serious phytotoxicity or oxidative stress in plants. Buddleja L., commonly known as "butterfly bushes", are frequently found growing on HM-contaminated land. However, to date, few studies have focused on the physiological and biochemical responses of Buddleja species to HM stress. In this study, potted seedlings of B. asiatica Lour. and B. macrostachya Wall. ex Benth. were subjected to various cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1) for 90 days. Both studied Buddleja species showed restricted Cd translocation capacity. Exposure to Cd, non-significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed, including quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), effective quantum yield of PSII, photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching in both species between all studied Cd concentrations. Moreover, levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly declined (p < 0.05) with low malondialdehyde concentrations. In B. asiatica, high superoxide dismutase and significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) peroxidase (POD) activity contributed greatly to the detoxification of excess ROS, while markedly enhanced POD activity was observed in B. macrostachya. Additionally, B. macrostachya showed higher membership function values than did B. asiatica. These results suggested that both Buddleja species exhibited high Cd resistance and acclimatization.
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floral scent composition predicts bee pollination system in five butterfly bush Buddleja scrophulariaceae species
Plant Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Wc Gong, Gao Chen, Bruce L. Dunn, Nicolas J Vereecken, Wb SunAbstract:Traditionally, plant-pollinator interactions have been interpreted as pollination syndrome. However, the validity of pollination syndrome has been widely doubted in modern studies of pollination ecology. The pollination ecology of five Asian Buddleja species, B.asiatica, B.crispa, B.forrestii, B.macrostachya and B.myriantha, in the Sino-Himalayan region in Asia, flowering in different local seasons, with scented inflorescences were investigated during 2011 and 2012. These five species exhibited diverse floral traits, with narrow and long corolla tubes and concealed nectar. According to their floral morphology, larger bees and Lepidoptera were expected to be the major pollinators. However, field observations showed that only larger bees (honeybee/bumblebee) were the primary pollinators, ranging from 77.95% to 97.90% of total visits. In this study, floral scents of each species were also analysed using coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although the five Buddleja species emitted differentiated floral scent compositions, our results showed that floral scents of the five species are dominated by substances that can serve as attractive signals to bees, including species-specific scent compounds and principal compounds with larger relative amounts. This suggests that floral scent compositions are closely associated with the principal pollinator assemblages in these five species. Therefore, we conclude that floral scent compositions rather than floral morphology traits should be used to interpret plant-pollinator interactions in these Asian Buddleja species.
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Floral scents of typical Buddleja species with different pollination syndromes
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Gao Chen, Weichang Gong, Bruce L. Dunn, Weibang SunAbstract:Floral scents from Buddleja lindleyana, Buddleja loricata, Buddleja cordata and Buddleja tubiflora were evaluated using the dynamic headspace adsorption method and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In total, 13 compounds were identified from the flowers of B. cordata, 19 from B. lindleyana and 29 from B. loricata, representing 95.5%, 93.1% and 96.2% of the total floral scents in the three species, respectively. No floral scents were recorded from B. tubiflora. Main volatile compounds in B. cordata were trans-beta-ocimene (53.4%), lilac alcohol (9.6%) and lilac aldehyde (5.6%). Main volatile compounds in B. lindleyana were beta-caryophyllene (17.6%), alpha-farnesene (16.0%) and 3-octanone (9.8%). Main volatile compounds in B. loricata were 4-oxoisophorone (27.1%), alpha-farnesene (17.9%) and linalool (10.6%). The study suggested that the floral scents may have evolved in conjunction with the sensory capabilities of different visitors as a specific group of pollinators in representative Buddleja species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Yijing Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Effect of Buddleja officinalis Maxim Eye Drops on Morphology and Apoptosis in Lacrimal Gland of Experimental Dry Eye Rabbit Model.
Journal of ophthalmology, 2019Co-Authors: Genyan Qin, Yasha Zhou, Jun Peng, Youwei Zhang, Xiaofang Peng, Qinghua Peng, Yijing YangAbstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops on morphology and apoptosis in lacrimal glands of the experimental dry eye rabbit model. A total of thirty-six male rabbits were divided into six study groups, consisting of the control group and the dry eye rabbit model group (without any treatment), the dry eye rabbit model group treated with testosterone, and the dry eye rabbit model group treated with different concentrations of Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops (1.0 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml). The lacrimal glands were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops can improve the morphological structure of the lacrimal gland in the dry eye model of castrated rabbits. The average optical density values of PI3K, Akt, and caspase-9 protein in the lacrimal gland tissue of the 3 mg/ml Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops group were significantly different from those in the model group ( ) and similar to the testosterone control group and the control group ( ). Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops can improve the morphological structure of the lacrimal gland in the dry eye model of castrated rabbits.
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The Effect of Buddleja officinalis Maxim Eye Drops on Morphology and Apoptosis in Lacrimal Gland of Experimental Dry Eye Rabbit Model
Hindawi Limited, 2019Co-Authors: Genyan Qin, Yasha Zhou, Jun Peng, Youwei Zhang, Xiaofang Peng, Qinghua Peng, Yijing YangAbstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops on morphology and apoptosis in lacrimal glands of the experimental dry eye rabbit model. A total of thirty-six male rabbits were divided into six study groups, consisting of the control group and the dry eye rabbit model group (without any treatment), the dry eye rabbit model group treated with testosterone, and the dry eye rabbit model group treated with different concentrations of Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops (1.0 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml). The lacrimal glands were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops can improve the morphological structure of the lacrimal gland in the dry eye model of castrated rabbits. The average optical density values of PI3K, Akt, and caspase-9 protein in the lacrimal gland tissue of the 3 mg/ml Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops group were significantly different from those in the model group (P0.05). Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops can improve the morphological structure of the lacrimal gland in the dry eye model of castrated rabbits
