The Experts below are selected from a list of 83814 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Edwin H W Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sustainable Building Energy Efficiency retrofit for hotel Buildings using epc mechanism in china analytic network process anp approach
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015Co-Authors: Edwin H W Chan, Henk Visscher, Xiaoling ZhangAbstract:Abstract Building Energy Efficiency Retrofit (BEER) is considered as a valuable way to improve Energy Efficiency of high-Energy-consumption Buildings. Sustainable BEER helps integrate sustainable development strategy into existing Buildings and retrofit projects. To ensure BEER projects that can fulfill the sustainable development strategy, Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) is one possible market mechanism to deliver Energy Efficiency projects. Sustainable BEER under the EPC mechanism is a comprehensive system which involves the various demands of sustainable dimensions, performance criteria and groups of project success factors, making multi-criteria decisions become a challenging problem for decision makers. This paper aims to examine the interrelationships of sustainable BEER by focusing on an existing hotel Building. EPC mechanism is applied in the case study and an effective Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach is also employed in the research. The result indicates that sustainable BEER in hotel Buildings under the EPC mechanism is mainly determined by project control mechanism, available technology, organizing capacity of the team leader, trust, accurate Measurement and Verification (M&V), and team workers' technical skills. Decision makers should dedicate more attention to these aspects. From the research findings, several policy implications are proposed in this paper.
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how transaction costs affect real estate developers entering into the Building Energy Efficiency bee market
Habitat International, 2013Co-Authors: Queena K Qian, Edwin H W Chan, Lennon H T ChoyAbstract:Abstract Buildings consume a major proportion of the electricity power in most cities, thus promoting Building Energy Efficiency (BEE) will directly contribute to low carbon cities. Some studies suggest that the additional investment on BEE should be well paid off by higher selling prices or more savings in term of life cycle costing. Real estate developers are profit driven and working in a competitive environment. However, it appears that real estate developers are skeptical in entering the BEE market, which requires alternate theories to explain their behaviors. In this study, we attempt incorporating transaction cost economics (TCE) and game theoretical frameworks into the analysis. It suggests that the anticipated transaction costs entailed in the provision of BEE products due to such factors as bounded rationality, opportunism and contractual hazards, combined with the asymmetrical information in the BEE market have curtailed the developers’ interests. This study also leads to suggesting some policy recommendations to induce the developers entering into the BEE market by reducing the transaction costs.
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anp model for sustainable Building Energy Efficiency retrofit beer using Energy performance contracting epc for hotel Buildings in china
Habitat International, 2013Co-Authors: Edwin H W ChanAbstract:Abstract Building Energy Efficiency Retrofit (BEER) is an attractive way toward low carbon Buildings through improving Energy Efficiency of high-Energy-consumption existing Buildings. Sustainable development strategy has been reaching many spheres of human activities. Sustainable BEER aims to integrate the sustainable development concept into existing Buildings and retrofit projects. To ensure BEER projects that can fulfill the sustainable development strategy, a project delivery model is one major consideration and Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) is one possible market mechanism to deliver Energy Efficiency projects. This paper aims to use Analytic Network Process (ANP) to develop a model for sustainable BEER under the EPC mechanism. Key performance indicators (KPIs) for sustainable BEER in hotel Buildings and critical success factors (CSFs) for EPC have been identified based on a set of interview and questionnaire survey previously conducted by the authors. In this study, the relationships among sustainable dimensions, KPIs, and CSFs are identified through a focus group discussion. Finally, an ANP model is built based on the data collected in the group discussion using the SuperDecision software.
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key performance indicators kpi for the sustainability of Building Energy Efficiency retrofit beer in hotel Buildings in china
Facilities, 2012Co-Authors: Edwin H W Chan, Queena K QianAbstract:Purpose – Building Energy Efficiency retrofit (BEER) not only provides excellent opportunities to reduce overall Energy consumption of Buildings in a city but also encourages environmental protection, the rational use of resources, and occupants' healthcare, which all contribute towards the sustainability of existing Buildings. However, there is a lack of effective performance indicators to measure the sustainability of BEER projects. The aim of this paper is to formulate a list of key performance indicators (KPI) for the sustainability assessment of BEER in hotel Buildings.Design/methodology/approach – First, a literature review and in‐depth interviews with industry experts and academic researchers were conducted, which filtered the performance indicators for assessing sustainability. Second, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from various groups of experts to analyze the significance of the selected performance indicators. Finally, a model based on fuzzy set theory was designed to iden...
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success factors of Energy performance contracting epc for sustainable Building Energy Efficiency retrofit beer of hotel Buildings in china
Energy Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Edwin H W Chan, Queena K QianAbstract:Abstract Hotel Building is a type of high-Energy-consuming Building and most existing hotel Buildings need Energy Efficiency improvement in China. Energy performance contracting (EPC) is considered a win−win mechanism to organize Building Energy Efficiency retrofit (BEER) project. However, EPC mechanism has been introduced into China relatively recently and many EPCs have not been successful in Building Energy Efficiency retrofit projects. This research aims to develop a set of critical success factors (CSFs) of EPC for sustainable Energy Efficiency retrofit (BEER) of hotel Buildings in China. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey with practitioners and other professionals were conducted. The findings reveal the relative importance of the 21 number of identified success factors. In order to explore the underlying relationship among the identified critical success factors (CSFs), factor analysis method was adopted for further investigation, which leads to grouping the 21 identified CSFs into six clusters. These are (1) project organization process, (2) EPC project financing for hotel retrofit, (3) knowledge and innovation of EPC, sustainable development (SD), and M&V, (4) implementation of sustainable development strategy, (5) contractual arrangement, and (6) external economic environment. Finally, several relevant policies were proposed to implement EPC successfully in sustainable BEER in hotel Buildings.
Nan Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do residential Building Energy Efficiency standards reduce Energy consumption in china a data driven method to validate the actual performance of Building Energy Efficiency standards
Energy Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Xia Wang, Wei Feng, Weiguang Cai, Hong Ren, Chao Ding, Nan ZhouAbstract:Abstract Building Energy Efficiency standards (BEES) are believed to be one of the most effective policies to reduce Building Energy consumption, especially in the case of the rapid urbanization content in China. However, there is little evidence backed up by measured data to validate the actual effectiveness of BEES in China. Using survey data collected from 1128 households in Chongqing China, this study applied the propensity scores matching method to estimate the effect of two BEES levels: the 50%-BEES (low level) and the 65%-BEES (high level). Results show that Buildings built with 65%-BEES, on average, can reduce cooling and heating electricity use intensity (kWh/m2/a) by 41%, compared to Buildings in the absence of the BEES. Meanwhile, the adoption of 50%-BEES can reduce cooling and heating electricity use intensity (kWh/m2/a) by 38%. However, Energy savings are not significant if comparing Buildings with 65%-BEES and 50%-BEES. The results indicate that there exists a performance gap between calculated design performance savings and actual operation Energy savings. These empirical findings provide policymakers with valuable feedback on Buildings' actual performance. The findings suggest that it is necessary to incorporate outcome-based compliance pathways into the current BEES system. Lastly, a data-driven Building policy evaluation mechanism should be developed in China. Energy consumption databases should be developed to support policies such as Building Energy codes and standards' development and performance evaluation.
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Energy Efficiency outlook in china s urban Buildings sector through 2030
Energy Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Michael A Mcneil, Wei Feng, Stephane De La Rue Du Can, Nina Khanna, Nan ZhouAbstract:This study uses bottom-up modeling framework in order to quantify potential Energy savings and emission reduction impacts from the implementation of Energy Efficiency programs in the Building sector in China. Policies considered include (1) accelerated Building codes in residential and commercial Buildings, (2) increased penetration of district heat metering and controls, (3) district heating Efficiency improvement, (4) Building Energy Efficiency labeling programs and (5) retrofits of existing commercial Buildings.
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comparative study of commercial Building Energy Efficiency retrofit policies in four pilot cities in china
Energy Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Jing Hou, Nan Zhou, Yisheng Liu, Wei FengAbstract:The Energy Efficiency of existing commercial Buildings is more challenging to regulate and improve than the Energy Efficiency of new constructions. In 2011 and 2012, the Chinese Government selected four cities- Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Chongqing- to implement pilot commercial Building Energy Efficiency retrofit program. Based on site surveys and expert interviews in these pilot cities, this research conducted a comparative analysis on incentive policies of local city level. The analysis results show that policy designs of existing commercial Buildings should be further improved. The aspects that influence the implementation effect in the future, such as subsidy level, installments, and business model promotion, should be specified in the policy clauses. Referring to the technical solution and cost-benefit in Chongqing, we found that lighting system is the most common retrofit objects while envelope system is the least common one. And the subsidy incentive is greatest for educational Buildings, followed by office Buildings. In the end, we further discussed the problems and obstacles in commercial Building retrofit market, and provided a series of recommendations.
Queena K Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how transaction costs affect real estate developers entering into the Building Energy Efficiency bee market
Habitat International, 2013Co-Authors: Queena K Qian, Edwin H W Chan, Lennon H T ChoyAbstract:Abstract Buildings consume a major proportion of the electricity power in most cities, thus promoting Building Energy Efficiency (BEE) will directly contribute to low carbon cities. Some studies suggest that the additional investment on BEE should be well paid off by higher selling prices or more savings in term of life cycle costing. Real estate developers are profit driven and working in a competitive environment. However, it appears that real estate developers are skeptical in entering the BEE market, which requires alternate theories to explain their behaviors. In this study, we attempt incorporating transaction cost economics (TCE) and game theoretical frameworks into the analysis. It suggests that the anticipated transaction costs entailed in the provision of BEE products due to such factors as bounded rationality, opportunism and contractual hazards, combined with the asymmetrical information in the BEE market have curtailed the developers’ interests. This study also leads to suggesting some policy recommendations to induce the developers entering into the BEE market by reducing the transaction costs.
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key performance indicators kpi for the sustainability of Building Energy Efficiency retrofit beer in hotel Buildings in china
Facilities, 2012Co-Authors: Edwin H W Chan, Queena K QianAbstract:Purpose – Building Energy Efficiency retrofit (BEER) not only provides excellent opportunities to reduce overall Energy consumption of Buildings in a city but also encourages environmental protection, the rational use of resources, and occupants' healthcare, which all contribute towards the sustainability of existing Buildings. However, there is a lack of effective performance indicators to measure the sustainability of BEER projects. The aim of this paper is to formulate a list of key performance indicators (KPI) for the sustainability assessment of BEER in hotel Buildings.Design/methodology/approach – First, a literature review and in‐depth interviews with industry experts and academic researchers were conducted, which filtered the performance indicators for assessing sustainability. Second, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from various groups of experts to analyze the significance of the selected performance indicators. Finally, a model based on fuzzy set theory was designed to iden...
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success factors of Energy performance contracting epc for sustainable Building Energy Efficiency retrofit beer of hotel Buildings in china
Energy Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Edwin H W Chan, Queena K QianAbstract:Abstract Hotel Building is a type of high-Energy-consuming Building and most existing hotel Buildings need Energy Efficiency improvement in China. Energy performance contracting (EPC) is considered a win−win mechanism to organize Building Energy Efficiency retrofit (BEER) project. However, EPC mechanism has been introduced into China relatively recently and many EPCs have not been successful in Building Energy Efficiency retrofit projects. This research aims to develop a set of critical success factors (CSFs) of EPC for sustainable Energy Efficiency retrofit (BEER) of hotel Buildings in China. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey with practitioners and other professionals were conducted. The findings reveal the relative importance of the 21 number of identified success factors. In order to explore the underlying relationship among the identified critical success factors (CSFs), factor analysis method was adopted for further investigation, which leads to grouping the 21 identified CSFs into six clusters. These are (1) project organization process, (2) EPC project financing for hotel retrofit, (3) knowledge and innovation of EPC, sustainable development (SD), and M&V, (4) implementation of sustainable development strategy, (5) contractual arrangement, and (6) external economic environment. Finally, several relevant policies were proposed to implement EPC successfully in sustainable BEER in hotel Buildings.
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government measures needed to promote Building Energy Efficiency bee in china
Facilities, 2010Co-Authors: Queena K Qian, Edwin H W ChanAbstract:Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate the major differences between the government's role in Building Energy Efficiency (BEE) in China and three developed countries, and to further the understanding of market expectations of the most effective government measures to encourage BEE development in China.Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken was: establish a framework for a critical comparative study; compare and assess the BEE promotion measures available to governments in the USA, Canada, the UK and China; survey the BEE market expectations of Building design professionals to better understand the favourable measures the Chinese Government could take to further promote BEE; and triangulate the findings of the comparative study and questionnaire survey to develop recommendations for BEE promotion in mainland China.Findings – Economic incentives are important for BEE promotion at the current stage, but they are lacking in China. Active government interventions, such as adjusting Energy ...
Wei Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do residential Building Energy Efficiency standards reduce Energy consumption in china a data driven method to validate the actual performance of Building Energy Efficiency standards
Energy Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Xia Wang, Wei Feng, Weiguang Cai, Hong Ren, Chao Ding, Nan ZhouAbstract:Abstract Building Energy Efficiency standards (BEES) are believed to be one of the most effective policies to reduce Building Energy consumption, especially in the case of the rapid urbanization content in China. However, there is little evidence backed up by measured data to validate the actual effectiveness of BEES in China. Using survey data collected from 1128 households in Chongqing China, this study applied the propensity scores matching method to estimate the effect of two BEES levels: the 50%-BEES (low level) and the 65%-BEES (high level). Results show that Buildings built with 65%-BEES, on average, can reduce cooling and heating electricity use intensity (kWh/m2/a) by 41%, compared to Buildings in the absence of the BEES. Meanwhile, the adoption of 50%-BEES can reduce cooling and heating electricity use intensity (kWh/m2/a) by 38%. However, Energy savings are not significant if comparing Buildings with 65%-BEES and 50%-BEES. The results indicate that there exists a performance gap between calculated design performance savings and actual operation Energy savings. These empirical findings provide policymakers with valuable feedback on Buildings' actual performance. The findings suggest that it is necessary to incorporate outcome-based compliance pathways into the current BEES system. Lastly, a data-driven Building policy evaluation mechanism should be developed in China. Energy consumption databases should be developed to support policies such as Building Energy codes and standards' development and performance evaluation.
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Energy Efficiency outlook in china s urban Buildings sector through 2030
Energy Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Michael A Mcneil, Wei Feng, Stephane De La Rue Du Can, Nina Khanna, Nan ZhouAbstract:This study uses bottom-up modeling framework in order to quantify potential Energy savings and emission reduction impacts from the implementation of Energy Efficiency programs in the Building sector in China. Policies considered include (1) accelerated Building codes in residential and commercial Buildings, (2) increased penetration of district heat metering and controls, (3) district heating Efficiency improvement, (4) Building Energy Efficiency labeling programs and (5) retrofits of existing commercial Buildings.
-
comparative study of commercial Building Energy Efficiency retrofit policies in four pilot cities in china
Energy Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Jing Hou, Nan Zhou, Yisheng Liu, Wei FengAbstract:The Energy Efficiency of existing commercial Buildings is more challenging to regulate and improve than the Energy Efficiency of new constructions. In 2011 and 2012, the Chinese Government selected four cities- Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Chongqing- to implement pilot commercial Building Energy Efficiency retrofit program. Based on site surveys and expert interviews in these pilot cities, this research conducted a comparative analysis on incentive policies of local city level. The analysis results show that policy designs of existing commercial Buildings should be further improved. The aspects that influence the implementation effect in the future, such as subsidy level, installments, and business model promotion, should be specified in the policy clauses. Referring to the technical solution and cost-benefit in Chongqing, we found that lighting system is the most common retrofit objects while envelope system is the least common one. And the subsidy incentive is greatest for educational Buildings, followed by office Buildings. In the end, we further discussed the problems and obstacles in commercial Building retrofit market, and provided a series of recommendations.
Jamie Goggins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changing Energy cultures household Energy use before and after a Building Energy Efficiency retrofit
Sustainable Cities and Society, 2020Co-Authors: Henrike Rau, P Moran, Richard Manton, Jamie GogginsAbstract:Abstract Government- and community-initiated Energy retrofits of existing residential Buildings abound across Europe. This paper argues that retrofitting initiatives need to extend their current emphasis on technical-material changes to include an equally strong focus on researching and potentially changing the Energy-related expectations, aspirations and actual activities of those who inhabit and use these Buildings. The concept of Energy cultures serves as a useful heuristic to structure the analysis of household Energy demand and internal environment. Covering three key elements of Energy culture – 1) material conditions that relate directly to domestic Energy use, 2) householders’ attitudes, perceptions and norms concerning the use of Energy and 3) observable everyday practices that use Energy –, and their interactions, we examine data from 20 households in a social housing estate in Ireland collected before and after retrofitting. Overall, the results highlight the urgent need for an integrated approach to Energy retrofitting that combines technology-aided changes in material conditions with a parallel re-shaping of householders’ views and practices to achieve real and lasting reductions in Energy use. The latter seems particularly pressing given both the persistence of many Energy-intensive domestic activities and the possible emergence of rebound effects that have the potential to cancel out at least some of the savings made through retrofitting.
