The Experts below are selected from a list of 45888 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas G Blenkinsop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the benefit of a tough skin bullet holes weathering and the preservation of heritage
Royal Society Open Science, 2017Co-Authors: Lisa Mol, Ca Brassey, Miguel Gomezheras, Owen Green, Thomas G BlenkinsopAbstract:Projectile damage to Building Stone is a widespread phenomenon. Sites damaged 100 years ago during the First World War still see daily use, while in a more contemporary setting numerous reports show the damage to Buildings in Babylon, Mosul and Palmyra. While research has been carried out on the long-term effects of conflict such as fire damage, little is known about the protracted damage sustained through the impact of bullets, shrapnel and other metal projectiles outside of the field of engineering focused on ceramics and metals. To investigate alterations to mineral structure caused by projectile damage, impacts were created in medium-grained, well-compacted, mesoporous sandStone samples using 0.22 calibre lead bullets shot at a distance of 20 m. Half these samples were treated with a surface consolidant (Wacker OH 100), to mimic natural cementation of the rock surface. These samples were then tested for changes to surface hardness and moisture movement during temperature cycles of 15–65°C. Petrographic thin section analysis was carried out to investigate the micro-scale deformation associated with high-speed impact. The results surprisingly show that stress build-up behind pre-existing cementation of the surface, as found in heritage sites that have been exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuations for longer periods of time, can be alleviated with a bullet impact. However, fracture networks and alteration of the mineral matrices still form a weak point within the structure, even at a relatively low impact calibre. This initial study illustrates the need for geomorphologists, geologists, engineers and heritage specialists to work collectively to gain further insights into the long-term impact of higher calibre armed warfare on heritage deterioration.
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AK47 3D from The benefit of a tough skin: bullet holes, weathering and the preservation of heritage
2017Co-Authors: Lisa Mol, Ca Brassey, Owen Green, M. Gomez-heras, Thomas G BlenkinsopAbstract:Projectile damage to Building Stone is a widespread phenomenon. Sites damaged 100 years ago during First World War still see daily use, while in a more contemporary setting numerous reports show the damage to Buildings in Babylon, Mosul and Palmyra. While research has been carried out on the long-term effects of conflict such as fire damage, little is known about the protracted damage sustained through the impact of bullets, shrapnel and other metal projectiles outside of the field of engineering focused on ceramics and metals. To investigate alterations to mineral structure caused by projectile damage, impacts were created in medium grained, well-compacted, mesoporous sandStone samples using 0.22 calibre lead bullets shot at a distance of 20 m. Half these samples were treated with a surface consolidant (Wacker OH 100), to mimic natural cementation of the rock surface. These samples were then tested for changes to surface hardness and moisture movement during temperature cycles of 15–65°C. Petrographic thin section analysis was carried out to investigate the micro-scale deformation associated with high speed impact. The results surprisingly show that stress build-up behind pre-existing cementation of the surface, as found in heritage sites that have been exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuations for longer periods of time, can be alleviated with a bullet impact. However, fracture networks and alteration of the mineral matrices still form a weak point within the structure, even at a relatively low impact calibre. This initial study illustrates the need for geomorphologists, geologists, engineers and heritage specialists to work collectively to gain further insights into the long-term impact of higher calibre armed warfare on heritage deterioration
Macharis Cathy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Methodologies for impact assessment of on-site and off-site construction logistics. MIMIC Deliverable 2.1
MIMIC, 2020Co-Authors: Brusselaers Nicolas, Mommens Koen, Fufa, Selamawit Mamo, Venås Christoffer, Macharis CathyAbstract:Urban construction projects are essential in reducing the housing deficit of the latest urbanization trend (UN, 2015 & 2018). As such, construction projects contribute to more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas once they are finished. However, construction work and construction material flow activities cause severe negative impacts on the surrounding community during the construction process. The MIMIC project focuses on the social, economic and environmental sustainability problems that arise from urban construction, and especially the logistics activities to, from, around and on urban construction sites. This deliverable is part of Work Package 2 of the MIMIC project (Minimizing impact of construction material flows in cities: Innovative Co-Creation), a JPI Europe funded research project with demonstration cases in Brussels, Vienna, Oslo and Sweden. The objective of WP2 is integration of state-of-the-art impact assessment methods in a practical and easy-to-use framework to assess the sustainability effects of on and off-site construction logistics and assessment of impacts. Based on current knowledge of sustainability impacts of logistics operations, construction management and existing calculation tools, a framework will be set up to monitor and quantify the off-site and on-site economic, social and environmental impact of construction logistics scenarios including major externalities (accidents, air pollution, climate change, infrastructure, congestion and noise) compared to 'business-as-usual'. Deliverable 2.1 introduces the methodologies that will be used to assess the impact of on-site and off-site construction logistics. In order to cover the impact of both on-site and off-site construction logistics, the assessment framework will combine two distinct methodologies: External Cost Calculations and Life Cycle Assessment. This deliverable presents each methodology in detail, highlighting the scope, the system boundaries, their logistics activities and their data collection plan. Finally, a first Building Stone will be laid towards expected outcomes, the feedback loop in developing the impact assessment framework, and how both methodologies will be brought together within the framework for the final deliverable by the end of the project.publishedVersio
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Methodologies for impact assessment of on-site and off-site construction logistics. MIMIC Deliverable 2.1
MIMIC, 2020Co-Authors: Brusselaers Nicolas, Mommens Koen, Fufa, Selamawit Mamo, Venås Christoffer, Macharis CathyAbstract:Urban construction projects are essential in reducing the housing deficit of the latest urbanization trend (UN, 2015 & 2018). As such, construction projects contribute to more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas once they are finished. However, construction work and construction material flow activities cause severe negative impacts on the surrounding community during the construction process. The MIMIC project focuses on the social, economic and environmental sustainability problems that arise from urban construction, and especially the logistics activities to, from, around and on urban construction sites. This deliverable is part of Work Package 2 of the MIMIC project (Minimizing impact of construction material flows in cities: Innovative Co-Creation), a JPI Europe funded research project with demonstration cases in Brussels, Vienna, Oslo and Sweden. The objective of WP2 is integration of state-of-the-art impact assessment methods in a practical and easy-to-use framework to assess the sustainability effects of on and off-site construction logistics and assessment of impacts. Based on current knowledge of sustainability impacts of logistics operations, construction management and existing calculation tools, a framework will be set up to monitor and quantify the off-site and on-site economic, social and environmental impact of construction logistics scenarios including major externalities (accidents, air pollution, climate change, infrastructure, congestion and noise) compared to 'business-as-usual'. Deliverable 2.1 introduces the methodologies that will be used to assess the impact of on-site and off-site construction logistics. In order to cover the impact of both on-site and off-site construction logistics, the assessment framework will combine two distinct methodologies: External Cost Calculations and Life Cycle Assessment. This deliverable presents each methodology in detail, highlighting the scope, the system boundaries, their logistics activities and their data collection plan. Finally, a first Building Stone will be laid towards expected outcomes, the feedback loop in developing the impact assessment framework, and how both methodologies will be brought together within the framework for the final deliverable by the end of the project
Angeles M Garciadelcura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sedimentary structures and physical properties of travertine and carbonate tufa Building Stone
Construction and Building Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Angeles M Garciadelcura, David Benavente, J Martinezmartinez, N CuetoAbstract:This paper establishes relationships between the structures of travertine and calcium carbonate tufa used as Building Stones and their physical properties. The most characteristic features of these kinds of rocks are the macropores in both Stone types and the bedding planes and laminations in travertines. Large vuggy macropores have little influence on capillary water absorption, strength, elastic modulus or ultrasonic wave propagation, whereas microporosity is a much more determining factor. With travertines, the bedding planes and laminations give petrophysical anisotropy to rocks, where the highest capillary transport is reached parallel to the structure. However, rock strength and elasticity depend on both structure orientation and the predominant rock facies. The strongest and stiffest behaviour is found perpendicular to structure in low-porous banded samples, but in a parallel direction when the rock is highly porous.
Lisa Mol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the benefit of a tough skin bullet holes weathering and the preservation of heritage
Royal Society Open Science, 2017Co-Authors: Lisa Mol, Ca Brassey, Miguel Gomezheras, Owen Green, Thomas G BlenkinsopAbstract:Projectile damage to Building Stone is a widespread phenomenon. Sites damaged 100 years ago during the First World War still see daily use, while in a more contemporary setting numerous reports show the damage to Buildings in Babylon, Mosul and Palmyra. While research has been carried out on the long-term effects of conflict such as fire damage, little is known about the protracted damage sustained through the impact of bullets, shrapnel and other metal projectiles outside of the field of engineering focused on ceramics and metals. To investigate alterations to mineral structure caused by projectile damage, impacts were created in medium-grained, well-compacted, mesoporous sandStone samples using 0.22 calibre lead bullets shot at a distance of 20 m. Half these samples were treated with a surface consolidant (Wacker OH 100), to mimic natural cementation of the rock surface. These samples were then tested for changes to surface hardness and moisture movement during temperature cycles of 15–65°C. Petrographic thin section analysis was carried out to investigate the micro-scale deformation associated with high-speed impact. The results surprisingly show that stress build-up behind pre-existing cementation of the surface, as found in heritage sites that have been exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuations for longer periods of time, can be alleviated with a bullet impact. However, fracture networks and alteration of the mineral matrices still form a weak point within the structure, even at a relatively low impact calibre. This initial study illustrates the need for geomorphologists, geologists, engineers and heritage specialists to work collectively to gain further insights into the long-term impact of higher calibre armed warfare on heritage deterioration.
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AK47 3D from The benefit of a tough skin: bullet holes, weathering and the preservation of heritage
2017Co-Authors: Lisa Mol, Ca Brassey, Owen Green, M. Gomez-heras, Thomas G BlenkinsopAbstract:Projectile damage to Building Stone is a widespread phenomenon. Sites damaged 100 years ago during First World War still see daily use, while in a more contemporary setting numerous reports show the damage to Buildings in Babylon, Mosul and Palmyra. While research has been carried out on the long-term effects of conflict such as fire damage, little is known about the protracted damage sustained through the impact of bullets, shrapnel and other metal projectiles outside of the field of engineering focused on ceramics and metals. To investigate alterations to mineral structure caused by projectile damage, impacts were created in medium grained, well-compacted, mesoporous sandStone samples using 0.22 calibre lead bullets shot at a distance of 20 m. Half these samples were treated with a surface consolidant (Wacker OH 100), to mimic natural cementation of the rock surface. These samples were then tested for changes to surface hardness and moisture movement during temperature cycles of 15–65°C. Petrographic thin section analysis was carried out to investigate the micro-scale deformation associated with high speed impact. The results surprisingly show that stress build-up behind pre-existing cementation of the surface, as found in heritage sites that have been exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuations for longer periods of time, can be alleviated with a bullet impact. However, fracture networks and alteration of the mineral matrices still form a weak point within the structure, even at a relatively low impact calibre. This initial study illustrates the need for geomorphologists, geologists, engineers and heritage specialists to work collectively to gain further insights into the long-term impact of higher calibre armed warfare on heritage deterioration
Ca Brassey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the benefit of a tough skin bullet holes weathering and the preservation of heritage
Royal Society Open Science, 2017Co-Authors: Lisa Mol, Ca Brassey, Miguel Gomezheras, Owen Green, Thomas G BlenkinsopAbstract:Projectile damage to Building Stone is a widespread phenomenon. Sites damaged 100 years ago during the First World War still see daily use, while in a more contemporary setting numerous reports show the damage to Buildings in Babylon, Mosul and Palmyra. While research has been carried out on the long-term effects of conflict such as fire damage, little is known about the protracted damage sustained through the impact of bullets, shrapnel and other metal projectiles outside of the field of engineering focused on ceramics and metals. To investigate alterations to mineral structure caused by projectile damage, impacts were created in medium-grained, well-compacted, mesoporous sandStone samples using 0.22 calibre lead bullets shot at a distance of 20 m. Half these samples were treated with a surface consolidant (Wacker OH 100), to mimic natural cementation of the rock surface. These samples were then tested for changes to surface hardness and moisture movement during temperature cycles of 15–65°C. Petrographic thin section analysis was carried out to investigate the micro-scale deformation associated with high-speed impact. The results surprisingly show that stress build-up behind pre-existing cementation of the surface, as found in heritage sites that have been exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuations for longer periods of time, can be alleviated with a bullet impact. However, fracture networks and alteration of the mineral matrices still form a weak point within the structure, even at a relatively low impact calibre. This initial study illustrates the need for geomorphologists, geologists, engineers and heritage specialists to work collectively to gain further insights into the long-term impact of higher calibre armed warfare on heritage deterioration.
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The benefit of a tough skin: bullet holes, weathering and the preservation of heritage
'The Royal Society', 2017Co-Authors: Mol L, Gomez-heras M, Ca Brassey, Green O, Blenkinsop TAbstract:Projectile damage to Building Stone is a widespread phenomenon. Sites damaged 100 years ago during the First World War still see daily use, while in a more contemporary setting numerous reports show the damage to Buildings in Babylon, Mosul and Palmyra. While research has been carried out on the long-term effects of conflict such as fire damage, little is known about the protracted damage sustained through the impact of bullets, shrapnel and other metal projectiles outside of the field of engineering focused on ceramics and metals. To investigate alterations to mineral structure caused by projectile damage, impacts were created in medium-grained, well-compacted, mesoporous sandStone samples using 0.22 calibre lead bullets shot at a distance of 20 m. Half these samples were treated with a surface consolidant (Wacker OH 100), to mimic natural cementation of the rock surface. These samples were then tested for changes to surface hardness and moisture movement during temperature cycles of 15–65°C. Petrographic thin section analysis was carried out to investigate the micro-scale deformation associated with high-speed impact. The results surprisingly show that stress build-up behind pre-existing cementation of the surface, as found in heritage sites that have been exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuations for longer periods of time, can be alleviated with a bullet impact
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AK47 3D from The benefit of a tough skin: bullet holes, weathering and the preservation of heritage
2017Co-Authors: Lisa Mol, Ca Brassey, Owen Green, M. Gomez-heras, Thomas G BlenkinsopAbstract:Projectile damage to Building Stone is a widespread phenomenon. Sites damaged 100 years ago during First World War still see daily use, while in a more contemporary setting numerous reports show the damage to Buildings in Babylon, Mosul and Palmyra. While research has been carried out on the long-term effects of conflict such as fire damage, little is known about the protracted damage sustained through the impact of bullets, shrapnel and other metal projectiles outside of the field of engineering focused on ceramics and metals. To investigate alterations to mineral structure caused by projectile damage, impacts were created in medium grained, well-compacted, mesoporous sandStone samples using 0.22 calibre lead bullets shot at a distance of 20 m. Half these samples were treated with a surface consolidant (Wacker OH 100), to mimic natural cementation of the rock surface. These samples were then tested for changes to surface hardness and moisture movement during temperature cycles of 15–65°C. Petrographic thin section analysis was carried out to investigate the micro-scale deformation associated with high speed impact. The results surprisingly show that stress build-up behind pre-existing cementation of the surface, as found in heritage sites that have been exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuations for longer periods of time, can be alleviated with a bullet impact. However, fracture networks and alteration of the mineral matrices still form a weak point within the structure, even at a relatively low impact calibre. This initial study illustrates the need for geomorphologists, geologists, engineers and heritage specialists to work collectively to gain further insights into the long-term impact of higher calibre armed warfare on heritage deterioration
