The Experts below are selected from a list of 12372 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gary M. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
safety assessment of Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene as antioxidant food additives
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1999Co-Authors: Gary M. Williams, Michael J. Iatropoulos, John WhysnerAbstract:Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) are widely used antioxidant food additives. They have been extensively studied for potential toxicities. This review details experimental studies of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity which bear on cancer hazard assessment of exposure to humans. We conclude that BHA and BHT pose no cancer hazard and, to the contrary, may be anticarcinogenic at current levels of food additive use.
-
Toxicity studies of Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene. I. Genetic and cellular effects.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1990Co-Authors: Gary M. Williams, C.a. Mcqueen, Charles TongAbstract:The cellular effects of the antioxidants Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene were studied in a battery of in vitro tests. No evidence of genotoxicity was obtained for either compound in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test, the Salmonella/microsome mutagenesis test, the adult rat liver epithelial cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase test, or for Butylated hydroxyanisole in the Chinese hamster ovary cell/sister chromatid exchange test. Both compounds inhibited intercellular molecular exchange between cultured liver cells, an effect that has been observed for many agents with neoplasm-promoting activity.
-
Toxicity studies of Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene. II. Chronic feeding studies
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1990Co-Authors: Gary M. Williams, C. X. Wang, Michael J. IatropoulosAbstract:Abstract The antioxidants Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) were fed in the diet to male F344 rats in two chronic feeding studies. In one study, feeding BHT for 76 wk at concentrations ranging from 100 to 6000 ppm produced no increase in neoplasms at any site. In a second study, feeding 12,000 ppm BHT for 110 wk had no neoplastic effect at any site, whereas feeding BHA at 12,000 ppm resulted in a small increase in squamous cell papillomas of the non-glandular squamous portion of the stomach.
Gary J Killian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
categorical data analysis of the effect on bull fertility of Butylated Hydroxytoluene addition to semen extenders prior to freezing
Journal of Dairy Science, 1994Co-Authors: M Kaproth, Sharon H Anderson, W Harkness, Y Akin, Gary J KillianAbstract:Abstract Butylated Hydroxytoluene is an anti-oxidant that has antiviral properties and sustains sperm viability during freezing and thawing. A field trial involving 11 bulls and 19,000 AI was conducted to determine whether addition of .5m M Butylated Hydroxytoluene to whole milk extender during seminal processing affected bull fertility as estimated by non-return rates generated by cows bred to the bulls. Effects of bull, batch of semen nested within bull, treatment, and month of AI were studied. Nonreturn rates were recorded for each month for every bull, batch of semen (ejaculates pooled on a given day), and treatment combination. Because some bulls had M Butylated Hydroxytoluene to whole milk extender during semen processing did not affect bull nonreturn rates.
-
Categorical Data Analysis of of Butylated Hydroxytoluene Extenders Prior to Freezing1
1994Co-Authors: Sharon H Anderson, M Kaproth, W Harkness, Y Akin, Gary J KillianAbstract:Butylated Hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant that has antiviral properties and sustains sperm viability during freezing and thawing. A field trial involving 11 bulls and 19,000 AI was conducted to determine whether addition of .5 mM Butylated Hydroxytoluene to whole milk extender during seminal processing affected bull fertility as estimated by nonreturn rates generated by cows bred to the bulls. Effects of bull, batch of semen nested within bull, treatment, and month of AI were studied. Nonreturn rates were recorded for each month for every bull, batch of semen (ejaculates pooled on a given day), and treatment combination. Because some bulls had
Thomas W Kensler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
free radical derived quinone methide mediates skin tumor promotion by Butylated Hydroxytoluene hydroperoxide expanded role for electrophiles in multistage carcinogenesis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1991Co-Authors: Kathryn Z Guyton, Purshotam Bhan, Periannan Kuppusamy, Jay L Zweier, Michael A Trush, Thomas W KenslerAbstract:Abstract Free radical derivatives of peroxides, hydroperoxides, and anthrones are thought to mediate tumor promotion by these compounds. Further, the promoting activity of phorbol esters is attributed, in part, to their ability to stimulate the cellular generation of oxygen radicals. A hydroperoxide metabolite of Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroperoxyl-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone (BHTOOH), has previously been shown to be a tumor promoter in mouse skin. BHTOOH is extensively metabolized by murine keratinocytes to several radical species. The primary radical generated from BHTOOH is a phenoxyl radical that can disproportionate to form Butylated Hydroxytoluene quinone methide, a reactive electrophile. Since electrophilic species have not been previously postulated to mediate tumor promotion, the present study was undertaken to examine the role of this electrophile in the promoting activity of BHTOOH. The biological activities of two chemical analogs of BHTOOH, 4-trideuteromethyl-BHTOOH and 4-tert-butyl-BHTOOH, were compared with that of the parent compound. 4-Trideuteromethyl-BHTOOH and 4-tert-butyl-BHTOOH have a reduced ability or inability, respectively, to form a quinone methide; however, like the parent compound, they both generate a phenoxyl radical when incubated with keratinocyte cytosol. The potency of BHTOOH, 4-trideuteromethyl-BHTOOH, and 4-tert-butyl-BHTOOH as inducers of ornithine decarboxylase, a marker of tumor promotion, was commensurate with their capacity for generating Butylated Hydroxytoluene quinone methide. These initial results were confirmed in a two-stage tumor promotion protocol in female SENCAR mice. Together, these data indicate that a quinone methide is mediating tumor promotion by BHTOOH, providing direct evidence that an electrophilic intermediate can elicit this stage of carcinogenesis.
Michael J. Iatropoulos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
safety assessment of Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene as antioxidant food additives
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1999Co-Authors: Gary M. Williams, Michael J. Iatropoulos, John WhysnerAbstract:Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) are widely used antioxidant food additives. They have been extensively studied for potential toxicities. This review details experimental studies of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity which bear on cancer hazard assessment of exposure to humans. We conclude that BHA and BHT pose no cancer hazard and, to the contrary, may be anticarcinogenic at current levels of food additive use.
-
Toxicity studies of Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene. II. Chronic feeding studies
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1990Co-Authors: Gary M. Williams, C. X. Wang, Michael J. IatropoulosAbstract:Abstract The antioxidants Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) were fed in the diet to male F344 rats in two chronic feeding studies. In one study, feeding BHT for 76 wk at concentrations ranging from 100 to 6000 ppm produced no increase in neoplasms at any site. In a second study, feeding 12,000 ppm BHT for 110 wk had no neoplastic effect at any site, whereas feeding BHA at 12,000 ppm resulted in a small increase in squamous cell papillomas of the non-glandular squamous portion of the stomach.
Richard W. Weber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Chronic urticaria exacerbated by the antioxidant food preservatives, Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)*
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1990Co-Authors: D. L. Goodman, J.t. Mcdonnel, T. R. Vaughan, Harold S Nelson, Richard W. WeberAbstract:Two patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria in whom remissions were achieved with dye- and preservative-elimination diet had exacerbations of their urticaria when they were challenged under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions with Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene. After elimination of Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene from their diets, there was marked abatement of the frequency, severity, and duration of their urticaria. These antioxidants appear capable of aggravating symptoms in certain patients with chronic urticaria.
-
Chronic urticaria exacerbated by the antioxidant food preservatives, Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT).
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1990Co-Authors: D. L. Goodman, T. R. Vaughan, J T Mcdonnell, Harold S Nelson, Richard W. WeberAbstract:Two patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria in whom remissions were achieved with dye- and preservative-elimination diet had exacerbations of their urticaria when they were challenged under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions with Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene. After elimination of Butylated hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene from their diets, there was marked abatement of the frequency, severity, and duration of their urticaria. These antioxidants appear capable of aggravating symptoms in certain patients with chronic urticaria.
