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Panos N Kourounakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new analogues of butylated Hydroxytoluene as anti inflammatory and antioxidant agents
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: George N Ziakas, Eleni A Rekka, Antonios M Gavalas, Phaedra Eleftheriou, Panos N KourounakisAbstract:Amine or amide derivatives bearing the 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol moiety are synthesised. Almost all are antioxidants, reduce acute inflammation and inhibit COX-1 and lipoxygenase activity. The most potent anti-inflammatory, COX-1 inhibitor and antioxidant agent, with low toxicity, is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl-phenol.
Jing G Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of butylated hydroxyanisole bha and butylated Hydroxytoluene bht on the acetylation of 2 aminofluorene and dna 2 aminofluorene adducts in the rat
Toxicological Sciences, 1999Co-Authors: Jing G ChungAbstract:The effects of the synthetic phenolic antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated Hydroxytoluene) on the in vivo acetylation of 2-aminofluorene and formation of DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. For in vitro examination, cytosols and intact cells, with or without butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated Hydroxytoluene co-treatment, showed different percentages of 2-aminofluorene acetylation and DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts. For in vivo examination, pretreatment of male rats with butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated Hydroxytoluene (10 mg/kg) 48 h prior to the administration of 2-aminofluorene (50 mg/kg) resulted in 34% and 18%, 29% and 20% decreases, respectively, in the urinary and fecal recovery of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene, and 34% and 19% decreases, respectively, in the metabolic clearance of 2-aminofluorene to N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene. Following exposure of rats to the 2-aminofluorene, with or without pretreatment with butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated Hydroxytoluene, DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts were observed in the target tissues of liver and bladder, and also in circulating leukocytes. The DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts in liver, bladder, and leukocytes were decreased by pretreatment with butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated Hydroxytoluene. This is the first demonstration that synthetic phenolic antioxidants decrease the N-acetylation of carcinogens and formation of DNA-carcinogen adducts in vivo.
Ichiro Yokoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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radical scavenging activity of butylated Hydroxytoluene bht and its metabolites
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 2004Co-Authors: Seiichiro Fujisawa, Yoshinori Kadoma, Ichiro YokoeAbstract:Abstract To clarify the radical-scavenging activity of butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), a food additive, stoichiometric factors (n) and inhibition rate constants (kinh) were determined for 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and its metabolites 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (BHT-Q), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (BHA-CHO) and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroperoxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one (BHT-OOH). Values of n and kinh were determined from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) monitoring of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or benzoyl peroxide (BPO) at 70 °C in the presence or absence of antioxidants (BHT-related compounds). The n values declined in the order BHT (1–2) > BHT-CHO, BHT-OOH (0.1–0.3) > BHT-Q (∼0). The n value for BHT with AIBN was approximately 1.0, suggesting dimerization of BHT. The kinh values declined in the order BHT-Q ((3.5–4.6)×104 M−1 s−1) > BHT-OOH (0.7–1.9×104 M−1 s−1) > BHT-CHO ((0.4–1.7)×104 M−1 s−1) > BHT ((0.1–0.2)×104 M−1 s−1). The kinh for metabolites was greater than that for the parent BHT. Growing MMA radicals initiated by BPO were suppressed much more efficiently by BHT or BHT-Q compared with those initiated by AIBN. BHT was effective as a chain-breaking antioxidant.
Panteri E. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SCCS OPINION on Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) - SCCS/1636/21 - Final version
HAL CCSD, 2021Co-Authors: Bernauer U., Bodin L., Chaudhry Q., Coenraads P.j., Dusinska M., Ezendam J., Gaffet E., Galli C. L., Granum B., Panteri E.Abstract:International audienceSCCS OPINION on Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) - SCCS/1636/21 - Final versionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, B. Granum, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, A. Koutsodimou, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this document by written proccedure on 2 December 2021Mise en Ligne le 3 Décembre 2021https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_257.pdfAbstractButylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)SCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C.L. Galli, B. Granum (Rapporteur), E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: A. Koutsodimou, W. Uter, N. von GoetzContact: SANTE-C2-SCCS@ec.europa.euOn request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1636/21Adopted on: 2 December 2021Conclusion of the opinion: (1) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene), does the SCCS consider BHT safe:(a) when used in mouthwash up to the maximum concentration of 0.001% and in toothpaste up to the maximum concentration of 0.1% ?On the basis of a safety assessment, and considering the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of BHT, the SCCS is of the opinion that BHT is safe as an ingredient up to a maximum concentration of 0.001% in mouthwash and 0.1% in toothpaste. (b) when used in other leave on and rinse-off products up to a maximum concentration of 0.8 % ?On the basis of a safety assessment, and considering the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of BHT, the SCCS is of the opinion that BHT is safe as an ingredient up to a maximum concentration of 0.8% in other leave-on and rinse-off products.BHT is also considered safe for a combined use of mouthwash at a concentration of 0.001%, toothpaste at a concentration of 0.1% and other leave-on and rinse-off products at the concentration of 0.8%.(2) Alternatively, what is according to the SCCS the maximum concentration considered safe for use of BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in cosmetic products?/ (3) Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns with regard to the use of BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in cosmetic products?The SCCS mandates do not address environmental aspects. Therefore, this assessment did not cover the safety of BHT for the environment.Keywords:SCCS, scientific opinion, Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), CAS No 128-37-0, EC No 204-881-4, Regulation 1223/2009Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), scientific opinion on Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), preliminary version of 27 September 2021, final version of 2 December 2021, SCCS/1636/21
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SCCS OPINION on Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) - SCCS/1636/21 - Preliminary version
HAL CCSD, 2021Co-Authors: Bernauer U., Bodin L., Chaudhry Q., Coenraads P.j., Dusinska M., Ezendam J., Gaffet E., Galli C. L., Granum B., Panteri E.Abstract:International audienceSCCS OPINION on Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) - SCCS/1636/21 - Preliminary versionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, B. Granum, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, A. Koutsodimou, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this document by written procedure on 27 September 2021Mise en Ligne 28 September 2021 https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_257.pdfConclusion of the opinion: (1) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene), does the SCCS consider BHT safe: (a) when used in mouthwash up to the maximum concentration of 0.001% and in toothpaste up to the maximum concentration of 0.1% ?On the basis of a safety assessment, and considering the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of BHT, the SCCS is of the opinion that BHT is safe as an ingredient up to a maximum concentration of 0.001% in mouthwash and 0.1% in toothpaste. (b) when used in other leave on and rinse-off products up to a maximum concentration of 0.8 % ?On the basis of a safety assessment, and considering the concerns related to potential endocrine disrupting properties of BHT, the SCCS is of the opinion that BHT is safe as an ingredient up to a maximum concentration of 0.8% in other leave-on and rinse-off products.BHT is also considered safe for a combined use of mouthwash at a concentration of 0.001%, toothpaste at a concentration of 0.1% and other leave-on and rinse-off products at the concentration of 0.8%.(2) Alternatively, what is according to the SCCS the maximum concentration considered safe for use of BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in cosmetic products?/ (3) Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns with regard to the use of BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in cosmetic products?The SCCS mandates do not address environmental aspects. Therefore, this assessment did not cover the safety of BHT for the environment.Keywords:SCCS, scientific opinion, Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), CAS No 128-37-0, EC No 204-881-4, Regulation 1223/2009Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), scientific opinion on Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), preliminary version of 27 September 2021, SCCS/1636/21
Frank F. Vincenzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ion transport ATPases as targets for free radical damage: Protection by an aminosteroid of the Ca2+ pump atpase and Na+/K+ pump ATPase of human red blood cell membranes
Biochemical Pharmacology, 1993Co-Authors: Troy T. Rohn, Thomas R. Hinds, Frank F. VincenziAbstract:Abstract Preincubation of red blood cell membranes in the presence of ferrous sulfate and EDTA resulted in both a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump ATPase, basal Ca2+ pump ATPase, and the calmodulin- (CaM) activated Ca2+ pump ATPase. The IC50, for all three ATPases was approximately 2.5 × 10−5 M iron. The addition to membranes of ferrous iron and EDTA in an approximately 1:1 ratio resulted in conversion to the ferric iron form in several minutes. However, inhibition of the ion pump ATPases and cross-linking of membrane proteins occurred over the course of several hours. The time course of formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) closely paralleled inhibition of the ion pump ATPases. Inhibition of the ion pump ATPases was prevented by the addition of deferoxamine or Superoxide dismutase but not by mannitol, ethanol, or catalase. Both butylated Hydroxytoluene and tirilazad mesylate (U74006F) prevented the formation of TBARS, limited the inhibition of the ion pump ATPases, and reduced cross-linking of membrane proteins. These data may be interpreted to suggest that inhibition of ion pump ATPases in plasma membranes may occur as a result of iron-promoted formation of Superoxide and subsequent lipid peroxidation, which can be prevented by free-radical scavengers including butylated Hydroxytoluene and U74006F.
