The Experts below are selected from a list of 3363 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jens Persson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Refrigeration or anti-theft? Food-Caching Behavior of Wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Scandinavia
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2020Co-Authors: Bert Van Der Veen, Jenny Mattisson, Barbara Zimmermann, John Odden, Jens PerssonAbstract:Food-Caching animals can gain nutritional advantages by buffering seasonality in food availability, especially during times of scarcity. The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is a facultative predator that occupies environments of low productivity. As an adaptation to fluctuating food availability, wolverines cache perishable food in snow, boulders, and bogs for short- and long-term storage. We studied Caching Behavior of 38 GPS-collared wolverines in four study areas in Scandinavia. By investigating clusters of GPS locations, we identified a total of 303 food caches from 17 male and 21 female wolverines. Wolverines cached food all year around, from both scavenging and predation events, and spaced their caches widely within their home range. Wolverines cached food items on average 1.1 km from the food source and made between 1 and 6 caches per source. Wolverines cached closer to the source when scavenging carcasses killed by other large carnivores; this might be a strategy to optimize food gain when under pressure of interspecific competition. When Caching, wolverines selected for steep and rugged terrain in unproductive habitat types or in forest, indicating a preference for less-exposed sites that can provide cold storage and/or protection against pilferage. The observed year-round investment in Caching by wolverines underlines the importance of food predictability for survival and reproductive success in this species. Increasing temperatures as a consequence of climate change may provide new challenges for wolverines by negatively affecting the preservation of cached food and by increasing competition from pilferers that benefit from a warmer climate. It is however still not fully understood which consequences this may have for the demography and Behavior of the wolverine. Food Caching is a Behavioral strategy used by a wide range of animals to store food for future use. Choosing appropriate Caching sites appears important for slowing down decomposition rates and minimizes competition. In this study, we demonstrate that the wolverine, an opportunistic predator and scavenger, utilizes available carrion to create caches all year around. By following wolverines with GPS collars, we registered that they carried food far away to cache it in secluded and cold places, which are often located on steep slopes or in forest. However, when scavenging other carnivores’ prey, they move food in shorter distances, possibly to be able to quickly return for more. The observed efficiency in wolverine Caching Behavior is likely vital for their survival and reproductive success in the harsh and highly seasonal environment in which they live.
Bert Van Der Veen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Refrigeration or anti-theft? Food-Caching Behavior of Wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Scandinavia
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2020Co-Authors: Bert Van Der Veen, Jenny Mattisson, Barbara Zimmermann, John Odden, Jens PerssonAbstract:Food-Caching animals can gain nutritional advantages by buffering seasonality in food availability, especially during times of scarcity. The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is a facultative predator that occupies environments of low productivity. As an adaptation to fluctuating food availability, wolverines cache perishable food in snow, boulders, and bogs for short- and long-term storage. We studied Caching Behavior of 38 GPS-collared wolverines in four study areas in Scandinavia. By investigating clusters of GPS locations, we identified a total of 303 food caches from 17 male and 21 female wolverines. Wolverines cached food all year around, from both scavenging and predation events, and spaced their caches widely within their home range. Wolverines cached food items on average 1.1 km from the food source and made between 1 and 6 caches per source. Wolverines cached closer to the source when scavenging carcasses killed by other large carnivores; this might be a strategy to optimize food gain when under pressure of interspecific competition. When Caching, wolverines selected for steep and rugged terrain in unproductive habitat types or in forest, indicating a preference for less-exposed sites that can provide cold storage and/or protection against pilferage. The observed year-round investment in Caching by wolverines underlines the importance of food predictability for survival and reproductive success in this species. Increasing temperatures as a consequence of climate change may provide new challenges for wolverines by negatively affecting the preservation of cached food and by increasing competition from pilferers that benefit from a warmer climate. It is however still not fully understood which consequences this may have for the demography and Behavior of the wolverine. Food Caching is a Behavioral strategy used by a wide range of animals to store food for future use. Choosing appropriate Caching sites appears important for slowing down decomposition rates and minimizes competition. In this study, we demonstrate that the wolverine, an opportunistic predator and scavenger, utilizes available carrion to create caches all year around. By following wolverines with GPS collars, we registered that they carried food far away to cache it in secluded and cold places, which are often located on steep slopes or in forest. However, when scavenging other carnivores’ prey, they move food in shorter distances, possibly to be able to quickly return for more. The observed efficiency in wolverine Caching Behavior is likely vital for their survival and reproductive success in the harsh and highly seasonal environment in which they live.
Melis Claudia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits
2020Co-Authors: Teurlings Ivonne, Odden John, Linnell, John Durrus, Melis ClaudiaAbstract:Caching; Capreolus capreolus; carrion; Eurasian lynx; Lynx lynx; Norway; predation; roe deer; scavengin
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Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Teurlings Ivonne, Odden John, Linnell, John Durrus, Melis ClaudiaAbstract:Caching; Capreolus capreolus; carrion; Eurasian lynx; Lynx lynx; Norway; predation; roe deer; scavengingLarge solitary felids often kill large prey items that can provide multiple meals. However, being able to utilize these multiple meals requires that they can cache the meat in a manner that delays its discovery by vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers. Covering the kill with vegetation and snow is a commonly observed strategy among felids. This study investigates the utility of this strategy using observational data from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)-killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) carcasses, and a set of two experiments focused on vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers, respectively. Lynx-killed roe deer that were covered by snow or vegetation were less likely to have been visited by scavengers. Experimentally-deployed video-monitored roe deer carcasses had significantly longer time prior to discovery by avian scavengers when covered with vegetation. Carcass parts placed in cages that excluded vertebrate scavengers had delayed invertebrate activity when covered with vegetation. All three datasets indicated that covering a kill was a successful Caching/anti-scavenger strategy. These results can help explain why lynx functional responses reach plateaus at relatively low kill rates. The success of this anti-scavenging Behavior therefore has clear effects on the dynamics of a predator–prey system.publishedVersio
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Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits
MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2020Co-Authors: Teurlings Ivonne, Odden John, Linnell, John Durrus, Melis ClaudiaAbstract:Large solitary felids often kill large prey items that can provide multiple meals. However, being able to utilize these multiple meals requires that they can cache the meat in a manner that delays its discovery by vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers. Covering the kill with vegetation and snow is a commonly observed strategy among felids. This study investigates the utility of this strategy using observational data from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)-killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) carcasses, and a set of two experiments focused on vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers, respectively. Lynx-killed roe deer that were covered by snow or vegetation were less likely to have been visited by scavengers. Experimentally-deployed video-monitored roe deer carcasses had significantly longer time prior to discovery by avian scavengers when covered with vegetation. Carcass parts placed in cages that excluded vertebrate scavengers had delayed invertebrate activity when covered with vegetation. All three datasets indicated that covering a kill was a successful Caching/anti-scavenger strategy. These results can help explain why lynx functional responses reach plateaus at relatively low kill rates. The success of this anti-scavenging Behavior therefore has clear effects on the dynamics of a predator–prey system
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Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Teurlings Ivonne, Odden John, Linnell, John Durrus, Melis ClaudiaAbstract:Large solitary felids often kill large prey items that can provide multiple meals. However, being able to utilize these multiple meals requires that they can cache the meat in a manner that delays its discovery by vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers. Covering the kill with vegetation and snow is a commonly observed strategy among felids. This study investigates the utility of this strategy using observational data from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)-killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) carcasses, and a set of two experiments focused on vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers, respectively. Lynx-killed roe deer that were covered by snow or vegetation were less likely to have been visited by scavengers. Experimentally-deployed video-monitored roe deer carcasses had significantly longer time prior to discovery by avian scavengers when covered with vegetation. Carcass parts placed in cages that excluded vertebrate scavengers had delayed invertebrate activity when covered with vegetation. All three datasets indicated that covering a kill was a successful Caching/anti-scavenger strategy. These results can help explain why lynx functional responses reach plateaus at relatively low kill rates. The success of this anti-scavenging Behavior therefore has clear effects on the dynamics of a predator–prey system.publishedVersio
Odden John - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits
2020Co-Authors: Teurlings Ivonne, Odden John, Linnell, John Durrus, Melis ClaudiaAbstract:Caching; Capreolus capreolus; carrion; Eurasian lynx; Lynx lynx; Norway; predation; roe deer; scavengin
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Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Teurlings Ivonne, Odden John, Linnell, John Durrus, Melis ClaudiaAbstract:Caching; Capreolus capreolus; carrion; Eurasian lynx; Lynx lynx; Norway; predation; roe deer; scavengingLarge solitary felids often kill large prey items that can provide multiple meals. However, being able to utilize these multiple meals requires that they can cache the meat in a manner that delays its discovery by vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers. Covering the kill with vegetation and snow is a commonly observed strategy among felids. This study investigates the utility of this strategy using observational data from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)-killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) carcasses, and a set of two experiments focused on vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers, respectively. Lynx-killed roe deer that were covered by snow or vegetation were less likely to have been visited by scavengers. Experimentally-deployed video-monitored roe deer carcasses had significantly longer time prior to discovery by avian scavengers when covered with vegetation. Carcass parts placed in cages that excluded vertebrate scavengers had delayed invertebrate activity when covered with vegetation. All three datasets indicated that covering a kill was a successful Caching/anti-scavenger strategy. These results can help explain why lynx functional responses reach plateaus at relatively low kill rates. The success of this anti-scavenging Behavior therefore has clear effects on the dynamics of a predator–prey system.publishedVersio
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Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits
MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2020Co-Authors: Teurlings Ivonne, Odden John, Linnell, John Durrus, Melis ClaudiaAbstract:Large solitary felids often kill large prey items that can provide multiple meals. However, being able to utilize these multiple meals requires that they can cache the meat in a manner that delays its discovery by vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers. Covering the kill with vegetation and snow is a commonly observed strategy among felids. This study investigates the utility of this strategy using observational data from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)-killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) carcasses, and a set of two experiments focused on vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers, respectively. Lynx-killed roe deer that were covered by snow or vegetation were less likely to have been visited by scavengers. Experimentally-deployed video-monitored roe deer carcasses had significantly longer time prior to discovery by avian scavengers when covered with vegetation. Carcass parts placed in cages that excluded vertebrate scavengers had delayed invertebrate activity when covered with vegetation. All three datasets indicated that covering a kill was a successful Caching/anti-scavenger strategy. These results can help explain why lynx functional responses reach plateaus at relatively low kill rates. The success of this anti-scavenging Behavior therefore has clear effects on the dynamics of a predator–prey system
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Caching Behavior of Large Prey by Eurasian Lynx: Quantifying the Anti-Scavenging Benefits
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Teurlings Ivonne, Odden John, Linnell, John Durrus, Melis ClaudiaAbstract:Large solitary felids often kill large prey items that can provide multiple meals. However, being able to utilize these multiple meals requires that they can cache the meat in a manner that delays its discovery by vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers. Covering the kill with vegetation and snow is a commonly observed strategy among felids. This study investigates the utility of this strategy using observational data from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)-killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) carcasses, and a set of two experiments focused on vertebrate and invertebrate scavengers, respectively. Lynx-killed roe deer that were covered by snow or vegetation were less likely to have been visited by scavengers. Experimentally-deployed video-monitored roe deer carcasses had significantly longer time prior to discovery by avian scavengers when covered with vegetation. Carcass parts placed in cages that excluded vertebrate scavengers had delayed invertebrate activity when covered with vegetation. All three datasets indicated that covering a kill was a successful Caching/anti-scavenger strategy. These results can help explain why lynx functional responses reach plateaus at relatively low kill rates. The success of this anti-scavenging Behavior therefore has clear effects on the dynamics of a predator–prey system.publishedVersio
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Refrigeration or anti-theft? Food-Caching Behavior of Wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Scandinavia
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Van Der Veen Bert, Odden John, Mattisson Jenny, Zimmermann Barbara, Persson JensAbstract:Food-Caching animals can gain nutritional advantages by buffering seasonality in food availability, especially during times of scarcity. The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is a facultative predator that occupies environments of low productivity. As an adaptation to fluctuating Food availability, wolverines cache perishable food in snow, boulders, and bogs for short- and long-term storage. We studied Caching Behavior of 38 GPS-collared wolverines in four study areas in Scandinavia. By investigating clusters of GPS locations, we identified a total of 303 food caches from 17 male and 21 female wolverines.Wolverines cached food all year around, from both scavenging and predation events, and spaced their caches widely within their home range.Wolverines cached food items on average 1.1 km from the food source andmade between 1 and 6 caches per source.Wolverines cached closer to the source when scavenging carcasses killed by other large carnivores; this might be a strategy to optimize food gain when under pressure of interspecific competition.When Caching, wolverines selected for steep and rugged terrain in unproductive habitat types or in forest, indicating a preference for less-exposed sites that can provide cold storage and/or protection against pilferage. The observed year-round investment in Caching by Wolverines underlines the importance of food predictability for survival and reproductive success in this species. Increasing temperatures as a consequence of climate change may provide newchallenges for wolverines by negatively affecting the preservation of cached food and by increasing competition from pilferers that benefit from awarmer climate. It is however still not fully understood which consequences this may have for the demography and Behavior of the wolverine.publishedVersio
Debbie M. Kelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conspecific presence, but not pilferage, influences pinyon jays’ (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) Caching Behavior
Learning & Behavior, 2020Co-Authors: Alizée Vernouillet, Hera J. M. Casidsid, Debbie M. KellyAbstract:Caching species store food when plentiful to ensure availability when resources are scarce. These stores may be at risk of pilferage by others present at the time of Caching. Cachers may reduce the risk of loss by using information from the social environment to engage in Behaviors to secure the resource— cache protection strategies . Here, we examined whether pinyon jays, a highly social corvid, use information from the social environment to modify their Caching Behavior. Pinyon jays were provided with pine seeds to cache in two visually distinct trays. The cacher could be observed by a non-pilfering conspecific , a pilfering conspecific , or an inanimate heterospecific located in an adjoining cage compartment, or the cacher could be alone . After Caching, the pilfered tray was placed in the adjoining compartment where caches were either pilfered ( pilfering conspecific and inanimate heterospecific conditions) or remained intact ( non-pilfering conspecific and alone conditions). The safe tray was placed in a visible, but inaccessible, location. Overall, pinyon jays reduced the number of pine seeds cached in the pilfered tray when observed, compared with Caching alone. However, their Caching Behavior did not differ between the pilfering conspecific and the non-pilfering conspecific conditions. These results suggest that either pinyon jays were unable to discriminate between the pilfering and non-pilfering conspecifics, or they generalized their experience of risk from the pilfering conspecific to the non-pilfering conspecific. Thus, we report evidence that pinyon jays use cache protection strategies to secure their resources when observed, but respond similarly when observed by pilfering and non-pilfering conspecifics.
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Clark's Nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) Flexibly Adapt Caching Behavior to a Cooperative Context.
Frontiers in psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Dawson Clary, Debbie M. KellyAbstract:Corvids recognize when their caches are at risk of being stolen by others and have developed strategies to protect these caches from pilferage. For instance, Clark’s nutcrackers will suppress the number of caches they make if being observed by a potential thief. However, cache protection has most often been studied using competitive contexts, so it is unclear whether corvids can adjust their Caching in beneficial ways to accommodate non-competitive situations. Therefore, we examined whether Clark’s nutcrackers, a non-social corvid, would flexibly adapt their Caching behaviours to a cooperative context. To do so, birds were given a Caching task during which caches made by one individual were reciprocally exchanged for the caches of a partner bird over repeated trials. In this scenario, if Caching behaviours can be flexibly deployed, then the birds should recognize the cooperative nature of the task and maintain or increase Caching levels over time. However, if cache protection strategies are applied independent of social context and simply in response to cache theft, then cache suppression should occur. In the current experiment, we found that the birds maintained Caching throughout the experiment. We report that males increased Caching in response to a manipulation in which caches were artificially added, suggesting the birds could adapt to the cooperative nature of the task. Additionally, we show that Caching decisions were not solely due to motivational factors, instead showing an additional influence attributed to the behaviour of the partner bird.
