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Kyung Seok Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic diversity and genetic structure of the siberian Roe Deer capreolus pygargus populations from asia
2015Co-Authors: Yun Sun Lee, Inna Voloshina, Nickolay Markov, Alexander Argunov, Damdingiin Bayarlkhagva, Yongsu Park, Misook Min, Hang Lee, Kyung Seok KimAbstract:Background The Roe Deer, Capreolus sp., is one of the most widespread meso-mammals of Palearctic distribution, and includes two species, the European Roe Deer, C. capreolus inhabiting mainly Europe, and the Siberian Roe Deer, C. pygargus, distributed throughout continental Asia. Although there are a number of genetic studies concerning European Roe Deer, the Siberian Roe Deer has been studied less, and none of these studies use microsatellite markers. Natural processes have led to genetic structuring in wild populations. To understand how these factors have affected genetic structure and connectivity of Siberian Roe Deer, we investigated variability at 12 microsatellite loci for Siberian Roe Deer from ten localities in Asia.
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genetic diversity and genetic structure of the siberian Roe Deer capreolus pygargus populations from asia
2015Co-Authors: Yun Sun Lee, Inna Voloshina, Nickolay Markov, Alexander Argunov, Damdingiin Bayarlkhagva, Yongsu Park, Misook Min, Hang Lee, Kyung Seok KimAbstract:The Roe Deer, Capreolus sp., is one of the most widespread meso-mammals of Palearctic distribution, and includes two species, the European Roe Deer, C. capreolus inhabiting mainly Europe, and the Siberian Roe Deer, C. pygargus, distributed throughout continental Asia. Although there are a number of genetic studies concerning European Roe Deer, the Siberian Roe Deer has been studied less, and none of these studies use microsatellite markers. Natural processes have led to genetic structuring in wild populations. To understand how these factors have affected genetic structure and connectivity of Siberian Roe Deer, we investigated variability at 12 microsatellite loci for Siberian Roe Deer from ten localities in Asia. Moderate levels of genetic diversity (H E = 0.522 to 0.628) were found in all populations except in Jeju Island, South Korea, where the diversity was lowest (H E = 0.386). Western populations showed relatively low genetic diversity and higher degrees of genetic differentiation compared with eastern populations (mean Ar = 3.54 (east), 2.81 (west), mean F ST = 0.122). Bayesian-based clustering analysis revealed the existence of three genetically distinct groups (clusters) for Siberian Roe Deer, which comprise of the Southeastern group (Mainland Korea, Russian Far East, Trans-Baikal region and Northern part of Mongolia), Northwestern group (Western Siberia and Ural in Russia) and Jeju Island population. Genetic analyses including AMOVA (F RT = 0.200), Barrier and PCA also supported genetic differentiation among regions separated primarily by major mountain ridges, suggesting that mountains played a role in the genetic differentiation of Siberian Roe Deer. On the other hand, genetic evidence also suggests an ongoing migration that may facilitate genetic admixture at the border areas between two groups. Our results reveal an apparent pattern of genetic differentiation among populations inhabiting Asia, showing moderate levels of genetic diversity with an east-west gradient. The results suggest at least three distinct management units of Roe Deer in continental Asia, although genetic admixture is evident in some border areas. The insights obtained from this study shed light on management of Siberian Roe Deer in Asia and may be applied in conservation of local populations of Siberian Roe Deer.
Christian Gortázar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Serosurvey for selected pathogens in Iberian Roe Deer
2010Co-Authors: Mariana Boadella, Gerardo Pajares, Alvaro Oleaga, Tania Carta, Marta Muñoz, Christian GortázarAbstract:Background The Roe Deer is the most abundant and widespread wild Eurasian cervid. Its populations are expanding and increasingly in contact with livestock. This may affect the distribution of infectious diseases shared with other wild and domestic ungulates. Methods We investigated the antibody seroprevalence against Pestivirus, Herpesvirus, Bluetongue (BT) virus, M. avium paratuberculosis (MAP), and Brucella sp. in 519 Roe Deer from different regions in Spain, south-western Europe. Results No antibodies were detected against BT and Brucella sp. However, antibodies were detected against Pestivirus (1.5%), Herpesvirus (0.2%) and MAP (9.2%). MAP antibodies were detected in seven of the eight populations (range 5-16.4%). Conclusions The detection of MAP antibodies in samples from most Roe Deer populations suggests that contact with MAP is widespread in this wildlife species. The highest prevalence was detected in sites with abundant dairy cattle and frequent use of liquid manure on pastures. Considering the results obtained regarding exposure to different pathogens, we suggest that antibody prevalences in this non-gregarious browser are largely determined by environmental factors, potentially modulating vector populations or pathogen survival in the environment.
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evidence of anaplasma infections in european Roe Deer capreolus capreolus from southern spain
2008Co-Authors: Jose De La Fuente, Francisco Ruizfons, Victoria Naranjo, Alessandra Torina, Oscar Rodriguez, Christian GortázarAbstract:Anaplasma spp. (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and human importance. The wildlife hosts for these pathogens are not well characterized and may play an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. The objective of this research was to study the infection with A. marginale, A. ovis and A. phagocytophilum in free-ranging European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Cadiz, Andalucia, Spain. Of 17 Roe Deer tested, 14 (82%) and 5 (29%) had antibodies reactive to Anaplasma spp. and A. phagocytophilum by competitive ELISA and indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of Anaplasma major surface protein 4 (msp4) gene was conducted on blood samples from all Roe Deer examined. Nine (53%) animals had evidence of infection with A. ovis and 3 (18%) were positive for A. phagocytophilum. Concurrent infections were not detected. Despite the presence of A. marginale infections in cattle in the study site (36% msp4 PCR-positive animals), none of the msp4 amplicons from Roe Deer corresponded to A. marginale sequences. A. ovis msp4 sequences were identical to a genotype previously identified in sheep in Sicily, Italy. Two different A. phagocytophilum genotypes were identified in infected Roe Deer. This is the first report of Roe Deer naturally infected with A. ovis. These results demonstrate that Roe Deer are infected with A. ovis and A. phagocytophilum in Spain and suggest that this species may be involved in the natural cycle of these pathogens in this region, thus acting as potential reservoir for transmission to domestic and wild animals.
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prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in Roe Deer from spain
2008Co-Authors: J A Gamarra, Christian Gortázar, Oscar Cabezon, M Pabon, Maria Cruz Arnal, Daniel Fernandez De Luco, J P Dubey, S AlmeriaAbstract:Abstract Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is an important game animal in Spain. Sera from 278 Roe Deer from eight areas in mainland Spain were assayed for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by modified agglutination test (MAT). Titers of 1:25 or higher were found in 109 (39.2%) of 278 Deer. No significant differences in antibody prevalence were found between sex or age categories. In contrast, significant differences in seroprevalence between locations were evident. Roe Deer from the Northern coastal habitats (high humidity and Roe Deer density) had the highest prevalence, compared with low prevalence in Central Spain (arid areas and low Roe Deer density). There was a positive correlation between antibody prevalence and mean annual rainfall (rs = 0.85, n = 8, P
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sarcoptic mange in two Roe Deer capreolus capreolus from northern spain
2008Co-Authors: Alvaro Oleaga, Ana Balseiro, Christian GortázarAbstract:Sarcoptic mange, a disease shared with domestic goat and sheep, affects chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in northern Spain. Recent evidences suggest that mange may be emerging among Deer in this region. This communication describes two cases of fatal sarcoptic mange affecting Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) stags in Asturias (Northern Spain) in 2006. Both animals were in poor body condition and no significant lesions other than those caused by the mites were observed. Alopecia, along with cutaneous crusts and hyperkeratosis were present in head, neck, trunk, and legs, affecting almost all the body surface. Numerous Sarcoptes scabiei mites were isolated from the skin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of fatal sarcoptic mange in European Roe Deer.
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Environmental constraints in the colonization sequence of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) across the Iberian Mountains, Spain
2005Co-Authors: Pelayo Acevedo, Miguel Delibes-mateos, Marco A. Escudero, Joana G. Vicente, Javier Marco, Christian GortázarAbstract:Aim This paper describes the dispersal process of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) with respect to climatic factors, landscape characteristics and human activity. We hypothesized that environmental characteristics constrain the relative abundance and dispersal process of Roe Deer. Location The study was conducted in the Iberian Mountains, north-eastern Spain, during 1986–2000. Methods Roe Deer colonization dates in the study area were obtained from a survey for large mammals and from direct interviews with the employees of the Fish and Game Agency. We used a 10 × 10 km UTM grid as the sampling unit (n = 91). The relative abundance of Roe Deer was estimated by counting the number of pellet groups in line transects, which were representative of the habitat availability in the 10 × 10 km UTM grid. Climatic factors were obtained from meteorological stations placed near to the plot. Landscape structure indices, topography and human activity factors were obtained from digital maps using fragstats 3.3 and idrisi 32. We discarded a number of variables with no statistical significance and avoided multicollinearity by using Spearman rank correlation. Then, we used GLMz (with a multinomial error distribution and a logit link function) to analyse the influence of each variable considered in the dispersal process. Finally, GLMz (with a binomial error distribution and a logit link function) were used a posteriori to differentiate between the effects of the explanatory factors on a particular phase of the dispersal process. Results Our results indicate that proximity to a previously colonized grid significantly affected the global process of Roe Deer colonization. Independently of the proximity of the nearest population in the previous phase of colonization, our results also indicated that the dispersal process was influenced by precipitation and landscape structure, leading the species to colonize even apparently hostile places. Original nuclei of these populations occurred in territories with high and constant precipitation, and a landscape formed by mosaics of agricultural land with a high proportion of forests. During the expansion process, Roe Deer colonized territories with summer droughts, dominated by large agricultural patches and with few forest patches. Main conclusions These data support the working hypothesis that environmental characteristics constrain Roe Deer relative abundance and dispersal process through the Iberian Mountains. The location of the original nuclei of these populations probably had environmental conditions that were more favourable for the Roe Deer. Areas settled in the final phases of the dispersal process had low relative abundances of Roe Deer, and are likely to act mainly as dispersal corridors rather than being able to sustain viable populations themselves.
Marco Apollonio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessing precision and requirements of three methods to estimate Roe Deer density
2019Co-Authors: Andrea Marcon, Marco Apollonio, Daniele Battocchio, Stefano GrignolioAbstract:Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is the most abundant cervid in Europe and, as such, has a considerable impact over several human activities. Accurate Roe Deer population size estimates are useful to ensure their proper management. We tested 3 methods for estimating Roe Deer abundance (drive counts, pellet-group counts, and camera trapping) during two consecutive years (2012 and 2013) in the Apennines (Italy) in order to assess their precision and applicability. During the study period, population density estimates were: drive counts 21.89±12.74 Roe Deer/km2 and pellet-group counts 18.74±2.31 Roe Deer/km2 in 2012; drive counts 19.32±11.12 Roe Deer/km2 and camera trapping 29.05±7.48 Roe Deer/km2 in 2013. Precision of the density estimates differed widely among the 3 methods, with coefficients of variation ranging from 12% (pellet-group counts) to 58% (drive counts). Drive counts represented the most demanding method on account of the higher number of operators involved. Pellet-group counts yielded the most precise results and required a smaller number of operators, though the sampling effort was considerable. When compared to the other two methods, camera trapping resulted in an intermediate level of precision and required the lowest sampling effort. We also discussed field protocols of each method, considering that volunteers, rather than technicians, will more likely be appointed for these tasks in the near future. For this reason, we strongly suggest that for each method managers of population density monitoring projects take into account ease of use as well as the quality of the results obtained and the resources required.
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seasonal variation of activity patterns in Roe Deer in a temperate forested area
2013Co-Authors: Nives Pagon, Stefano Grignolio, Anna Paola Pipia, Paolo Bongi, Cristiano Bertolucci, Marco ApollonioAbstract:We investigated the activity patterns of a European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) population living in a forested Apennine area in central Italy, in order to shed light on the environmental and biological factors that were expected to account for the observed activity patterns on daily and yearly bases. Daily and seasonal activity patterns of 31 radio-collared Roe Deer were assessed through sessions of radio tracking for a total period of 18 consecutive months. Roe Deer showed bimodal activity patterns throughout the year, with the two highest peaks of activity recorded at dawn and dusk. Activity patterns of males and females differed during the territorial period (from early spring to late summer), whereas they did not during the nonterritorial period. Most likely, behavioral thermoregulation can be held responsible for variation of daily activity patterns in different seasons. In winter, for instance, activity during the dawn period was significantly higher than in other seasons and daylight activity was significantly higher than at night. Nocturnal activity was highest in summer and lowest in winter. During the hunting season, moreover, Roe Deer showed lower activity levels than during the rest of the year. The prediction that Roe Deer would show lower activity levels during full moon nights, when the predation risk was assumed to be higher, was not confirmed by our data. Activity rhythms in Roe Deer were thus subjected to both endogenous and environmental factors, the latter working as exogenous synchronization cues. Accordingly, in changing environmental and ecological conditions, a circadian cycle of activity could be seen as the result of complex interactions among daily behavioral rhythm, digestive physiology, and external modifying factors.
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predation by wolves canis lupus on Roe Deer capreolus capreolus in north eastern apennine italy
2004Co-Authors: Luca Mattioli, Claudia Capitani, Elisa Avanzinelli, Ivo Bertelli, Andrea Gazzola, Marco ApollonioAbstract:Predation by wolves Canis lupus on Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus was studied by scat analysis in five areas of the Province of Arezzo, north-eastern Tuscany, Italy. In the intensive study area (ISA) Roe Deer represented 19.1% of mean per cent volume (MPV) while in the other areas its use ranged between 10.9% and 53.4% of MPV A low degree of variation was found in both annual and seasonal use of Roe Deer, although seasonal differences were more marked in those areas where Roe Deer use was lower. In ISA, Roe Deer was negatively selected among species: the Ivlev's electivity index ranged between – 0.41 and – 0.89. Analysing intra-specific selection, in ISA < 1-year-old individuals were preferred by wolves, mainly during the fawns’ first months of life. This trend was confirmed in the other areas, where fawns represented more than 50% of the relative number of Roe Deer prey. In ISA, the use of Roe Deer (as MPV) was not correlated with its density or with that of the main prey, wild boar, and in almost all the other areas no relation between use and density of Roe Deer was founded. However, in the one area where both Roe Deer density and use were the highest, these two variables seemed to exhibit a comparable trend. The use of Roe Deer was negatively correlated with the percentage of forest cover among all the study areas.
Ferdinand Rühe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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determinants of tick borne encephalitis virus antibody presence in Roe Deer capreolus capreolus sera
2012Co-Authors: Christian Kiffner, Torsten Vor, Peter Hagedorn, Matthias Niedrig, Ferdinand RüheAbstract:In order to identify variables associated with the presence of the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, we conducted a serological survey of Roe Deer [Capreolus capreolus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae, Linnaeus 1758)] in three forest districts of southern Hesse, Germany. Overall, 24 out of 105 (22.9%) of the sera were positive (≥1 : 10 plaque reduction neutralization test). Using a logistic regression approach, we found that unexplained spatial variation, indexed Roe Deer density (positive correlation), hind foot length of the tested Roe Deer (positive correlation) and infestation with female Ixodes spp. ticks (negative correlation) predicted the probability of TBE virus antibody presence in individual Roe Deer sera. Spring temperature increase and host sex were rejected as explanatory variables. We found considerable differences in TBE virus antibody seroprevalence (50.0% vs. 17.6%) between two forest districts located in the same county; this finding questions the current county-resolution of public health recordings. Given the high seroprevalence of Roe Deer and the considerable explanatory power of our model, our approach appears suitable to delineate science-based risk maps at a smaller spatial scale and to abandon the current human incidence per county criterion. Importantly, using Roe Deer as sentinels would eliminate the inherent bias of risk maps based on human incidence (varying levels of immunization and exposure of humans).
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attachment site selection of ticks on Roe Deer capreolus capreolus
2011Co-Authors: Christian Kiffner, Torsten Vor, Christina Lodige, M Alings, Ferdinand RüheAbstract:The spatio-temporal attachment site patterns of ticks feeding on their hosts can be of significance if co-feeding transmission (i.e. from tick to tick without a systemic infection of the host) of pathogens affects the persistence of a given disease. Using tick infestation data on Roe Deer, we analysed preferred attachment sites and niche width of Ixodes ticks (larvae, nymphs, males, females) and investigated the degree of inter- and intrastadial aggregation. The different development stages showed rather consistent attachment site patterns and relative narrow feeding site niches. Larvae were mostly found on the head and on the front legs of Roe Deer, nymphs reached highest densities on the head and highest adult densities were found on the neck of Roe Deer. The tick stages feeding (larvae, nymphs, females) on Roe Deer showed high degrees of intrastadial spatial aggregation, whereas males did not. Male ticks showed large feeding site overlap with female ticks. Feeding site overlap between larval-female and larval-nymphal ticks did occur especially during the months May–August on the head and front legs of Roe Deer and might allow pathogen transmission via co-feeding. Tick density, niche width and niche overlap on Roe Deer are mainly affected by seasonality, reflecting seasonal activity and abundance patterns of ticks. Since different tick development stages occur spatially and temporally clustered on Roe Deer, transmission experiments of tick-borne pathogens are urgently needed.
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Tick burden on European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus)
2010Co-Authors: Torsten Vor, Christian Kiffner, Peter Hagedorn, Matthias Niedrig, Ferdinand RüheAbstract:In our study we assessed the tick burden on Roe Deer ( Capreolus capreolus L.) in relation to age, physical condition, sex, Deer density and season. The main objective was to find predictive parameters for tick burden. In September 2007, May, July, and September 2008, and in May and July 2009 we collected ticks on 142 culled Roe Deer from nine forest departments in Southern Hesse, Germany. To correlate tick burden and Deer density we estimated Deer density using line transect sampling that accounts for different detectability in March 2008 and 2009, respectively. We collected more than 8,600 ticks from Roe Deer heads and necks, 92.6% of which were Ixodes spp., 7.4% Dermacentor spp. Among Ixodes , 3.3% were larvae, 50.5% nymphs, 34.8% females and 11.4% males, with significant seasonal deviation. Total tick infestation was high, with considerable individual variation (from 0 to 270 ticks/Deer). Adult tick burden was positively correlated with Roe Deer body indices (body mass, age, hind foot length). Significantly more nymphs were found on Deer from forest departments with high Roe Deer density indices, indicating a positive correlation with Deer abundance. Overall, tick burden was highly variable. Seasonality and large scale spatial characteristics appeared to be the most important factors affecting tick burden on Roe Deer.
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abundance estimation of ixodes ticks acari ixodidae on Roe Deer capreolus capreolus
2010Co-Authors: Christian Kiffner, Christina Lodige, M Alings, Ferdinand RüheAbstract:Despite the importance of Roe Deer as a host for Ixodes ticks in central Europe, estimates of total tick burden on Roe Deer are not available to date. We aimed at providing (1) estimates of life stage and sex specific (larvae, nymphs, males and females, hereafter referred to as tick life stages) total Ixodes burden and (2) equations which can be used to predict the total life stage burden by counting the life stage on a selected body area. Within a period of 1½ years, we conducted whole body counts of ticks from 80 hunter-killed Roe Deer originating from a beech dominated forest area in central Germany. Averaged over the entire study period (winter 2007–summer 2009), the mean tick burden per Roe Deer was 64.5 (SE ± 10.6). Nymphs were the most numerous tick life stage per Roe Deer (23.9 ± 3.2), followed by females (21.4 ± 3.5), larvae (10.8 ± 4.2) and males (8.4 ± 1.5). The individual tick burden was highly aggregated (k = 0.46); levels of aggregation were highest in larvae (k = 0.08), followed by males (k = 0.40), females (k = 0.49) and nymphs (k = 0.71). To predict total life stage specific burdens based on counts on selected body parts, we provide linear equations. For estimating larvae abundance on the entire Roe Deer, counts can be restricted to the front legs. Tick counts restricted to the head are sufficient to estimate total nymph burden and counts on the neck are appropriate for estimating adult ticks (females and males). In order to estimate the combined tick burden, tick counts on the head can be used for extrapolation. The presented linear models are highly significant and explain 84.1, 77.3, 90.5, 91.3, and 65.3% (adjusted R 2) of the observed variance, respectively. Thus, these models offer a robust basis for rapid tick abundance assessment. This can be useful for studies aiming at estimating effects of abiotic and biotic factors on tick abundance, modelling tick population dynamics, modelling tick-borne pathogen transmission dynamics or assessing the efficacy of acaricides.
Audun Slettan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from moose alces alces and Roe Deer capreolus capreolus in southern norway
2011Co-Authors: Vivian Kjelland, Bjornar Ytrehus, Snorre Stuen, Tone Skarpaas, Audun SlettanAbstract:As part of a larger survey, ears from 18 Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 52 moose (Alces alces) shot in the 2 southernmost counties in Norway were collected and examined for Ixodes ricinus ticks. Seventy-two adult ticks, 595 nymphs, and 267 larvae from the Roe Deer, and 182 adult ticks, 433 nymphs, and 70 larvae from the moose were investigated for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). The results showed the presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA in 2.9% of the nymphs collected from Roe Deer and in 4.4% of the nymphs and 6.0% of the adults collected from moose. The spirochetes were not detected in adult ticks from Roe Deer, or in larvae feeding on Roe Deer or moose. In comparison, the mean infection prevalences in questing I. ricinus collected from the same geographical area were 0.5% infection in larvae, 24.5% in nymphs, and 26.9% in adults. The most prevalent B. burgdorferi genospecies identified in ticks collected from Roe Deer was B. afzelii (76.5%), followed by B. garinii (17.6%), and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (5.9%). Only B. afzelii (76.7%) and B. garinii (23.3%) were detected in ticks collected from moose. The present study indicates a lower prevalence of B. burgdorferi infection in I. ricinus ticks feeding on Roe Deer and moose compared to questing ticks. This is the first study to report B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalence in ticks removed from cervids in Norway.
