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Walter Villegas, Lorena Chabeli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Capacidad fitorremediadora de las especies de flora herbácea silvestre con mayor valor de importancia en la zona de pasivos mineros El Sinchao, distrito de Chugur, provincia de Hualgayoc, Cajamarca – Perú 2017
Universidad Privada del Norte, 2018Co-Authors: Dávila Mego, Nancy Karina, Walter Villegas, Lorena ChabeliAbstract:RESUMEN Se determinaron las especies de flora herbácea silvestre con capacidad fitorremediadora originarias de la zona de pasivos mineros el Sinchao, ubicado en el distrito de Chugur, Provincia de Hualgayoc, donde se realizaron los análisis en las especies Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata y Juncus conglomeratus seleccionadas por su alto valor de importancia en la zona, posteriormente mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson se logró determinar la relación entre la concentración de metales en el suelo y las plantas. Asimismo, se calculó el Factor de Traslocación y Factor de Bioconcentración, lo que permitió indicar si la planta es fitoestabilizadora o fitoextractora de Aluminio, Arsénico, Plomo, Cromo, Cobre, Cadmio, Magnesio, Manganeso, Zinc, Estroncio, Antimonio, Talio, Hierro, Mercurio, Níquel y Estaño. Por otro lado se obtuvo una base de datos de la zona Las Gardas, la cual contribuyó como referencia para comparar la acumulación de las plantas tanto en una zona con pasivos y otra zona sin alteraciones. En la investigación se identificó que la especie Paspalum bonplandianum, acumula la mayor cantidad de metales pesados (mg/kg), como el Aluminio (2844.6), Mercurio (0.3), Antimonio (13), Estaño (1.4), Zinc (760.2), Cromo (3.86) y Níquel (3.59). Asimismo, la concentración de metales pesados se da en la parte de la raíz de todas las especies, a excepción de la Lachemilla orbiculata donde se observó que es en el tallo. Finalmente, mediante los TF y BCF se estableció que la especie Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata y el Juncus conglomeratus serían especies fitoextractoras de Mg y Mn; igualmente, Lachemilla orbicula también sería fitoextractora del Sr y el Zn. Por otro lado Calamagrostis tarmensis se podría aplicar en técnicas de fitoestabilización para el Ti, asi como Paspalum bonplandianum para el Sb, Zn y Cr, la especie Carex pichinchensis para Zn, la especie Lachemilla orbiculada para el Cd y Mn y finalmente el Juncus conglomeratus para el Cd, Cr y Zn. PALABRAS CLAVES: Fitorremediación, valor de importancia, Factor de Traslocación, Factor de Bioconcentración, fitoestabilización y fitoextracción.ABSTRACT The species of wild herbaceous flora with phytoremediation capacity originating in the Sinchao mining passive area, located in the district of Chugur, Province of Hualgayoc, where the analyzes were carried out on the species Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla, were determined. Orbiculata and Juncus conglomeratus selected for their high value of importance in the area, later using the Pearson correlation coefficient was able to determine the relationship between the concentration of metals in the soil and plants. Likewise, the Translocation Factor and Bioconcentration Factor were calculated, which allowed to indicate whether the plant is phytostabilizing or phytoextracting of Aluminum, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Copper, Cadmium, Magnesium, Manganese, Zinc, Strontium, Antimony, Thallium, Iron , Mercury, Nickel and Tin. On the other hand, a database was obtained from the Las Gradas area, which contributed as a reference to compare the accumulation of the plants both in one zone with liabilities and another zone without alterations. In the research it was identified that the species Paspalum bonplandianum, accumulates the highest amount of heavy metals (mg / kg), such as Aluminum (2844.6), Mercury (0.3), Antimony (13), Tin (1.4), Zinc (760.2) , Chromium (3.86) and Nickel (3.59). Also, the concentration of heavy metals occurs in the root part of all species, except for the Lachemilla orbiculata where it was observed to be in the stem. Finally, through TF and BCF it was established that the species Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata and Juncus conglomeratus would be phytoextractant species of Mg and Mn; likewise, Lachemilla orbicula would also be a phytoextractor of Sr and Zn. On the other hand Calamagrostis tarmensis could be applied in phytostabilization techniques for Ti, as well as Paspalum bonplandianum for Sb, Zn and Cr, the species Carex pichinchensis for Zn, the species Lachemilla orbiculada for Cd and Mn and finally the Juncus conglomeratus for the Cd, Cr and Zn. KEYWORDS: Phytoremediation, importance value, translocation factor, bioconcentration factor, phytostabilization and phytoextraction
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Capacidad fitorremediadora de las especies de flora herbácea silvestre con mayor valor de importancia en la zona de pasivos mineros el Sinchao, distrito de Chugur, provincia de Hualgayoc, Cajamarca – Perú 2017
'Dipartimento di Economia Universita di Perugia (IT)', 2018Co-Authors: Dávila Mego, Nancy Karina, Walter Villegas, Lorena ChabeliAbstract:ABSTRACT The species of wild herbaceous flora with phytoremediation capacity originating in the Sinchao mining passive area, located in the district of Chugur, Province of Hualgayoc, where the analyzes were carried out on the species Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla, were determined. Orbiculata and Juncus conglomeratus selected for their high value of importance in the area, later using the Pearson correlation coefficient was able to determine the relationship between the concentration of metals in the soil and plants. Likewise, the Translocation Factor and Bioconcentration Factor were calculated, which allowed to indicate whether the plant is phytostabilizing or phytoextracting of Aluminum, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Copper, Cadmium, Magnesium, Manganese, Zinc, Strontium, Antimony, Thallium, Iron , Mercury, Nickel and Tin. On the other hand, a database was obtained from the Las Gradas area, which contributed as a reference to compare the accumulation of the plants both in one zone with liabilities and another zone without alterations. In the research it was identified that the species Paspalum bonplandianum, accumulates the highest amount of heavy metals (mg / kg), such as Aluminum (2844.6), Mercury (0.3), Antimony (13), Tin (1.4), Zinc (760.2) , Chromium (3.86) and Nickel (3.59). Also, the concentration of heavy metals occurs in the root part of all species, except for the Lachemilla orbiculata where it was observed to be in the stem. Finally, through TF and BCF it was established that the species Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata and Juncus conglomeratus would be phytoextractant species of Mg and Mn; likewise, Lachemilla orbicula would also be a phytoextractor of Sr and Zn. On the other hand Calamagrostis tarmensis could be applied in phytostabilization techniques for Ti, as well as Paspalum bonplandianum for Sb, Zn and Cr, the species Carex pichinchensis for Zn, the species Lachemilla orbiculada for Cd and Mn and finally the Juncus conglomeratus for the Cd, Cr and Zn. Keywords: Phytoremediation, importance value, translocation factor, bioconcentration factor, phytostabilization and phytoextractionTesisSe determinaron las especies de flora herbácea silvestre con capacidad fitorremediadora originarias de la zona de pasivos mineros el Sinchao, ubicado en el distrito de Chugur, Provincia de Hualgayoc, donde se realizaron los análisis en las especies Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata y Juncus conglomeratus seleccionadas por su alto valor de importancia en la zona, posteriormente mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson se logró determinar la relación entre la concentración de metales en el suelo y las plantas. Asimismo, se calculó el Factor de Traslocación y Factor de Bioconcentración, lo que permitió indicar si la planta es fitoestabilizadora o fitoextractora de Aluminio, Arsénico, Plomo, Cromo, Cobre, Cadmio, Magnesio, Manganeso, Zinc, Estroncio, Antimonio, Talio, Hierro, Mercurio, Níquel y Estaño. Por otro lado se obtuvo una base de datos de la zona Las Gardas, la cual contribuyó como referencia para comparar la acumulación de las plantas tanto en una zona con pasivos y otra zona sin alteraciones. En la investigación se identificó que la especie Paspalum bonplandianum, acumula la mayor cantidad de metales pesados (mg/kg), como el Aluminio (2844.6), Mercurio (0.3), Antimonio (13), Estaño (1.4), Zinc (760.2), Cromo (3.86) y Níquel (3.59). Asimismo, la concentración de metales pesados se da en la parte de la raíz de todas las especies, a excepción de la Lachemilla orbiculata donde se observó que es en el tallo. Finalmente, mediante los TF y BCF se estableció que la especie Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata y el Juncus conglomeratus serían especies fitoextractoras de Mg y Mn; igualmente, Lachemilla orbicula también sería fitoextractora del Sr y el Zn. Por otro lado Calamagrostis tarmensis se podría aplicar en técnicas de fitoestabilización para el Ti, asi como Paspalum bonplandianum para el Sb, Zn y Cr, la especie Carex pichinchensis para Zn, la especie Lachemilla orbiculada para el Cd y Mn y finalmente el Juncus conglomeratus para el Cd, Cr y Zn. Palabras Clave: Fitorremediación, valor de importancia, Factor de Traslocación, Factor de Bioconcentración, fitoestabilización y fitoextracció
Beata Paszko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular phylogenetics of cool season grasses in the subtribes agrostidinae anthoxanthinae aveninae brizinae calothecinae koeleriinae and phalaridinae poaceae pooideae poeae poeae chloroplast group 1
PhytoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Jeffery M Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:Circumscriptions of and relationships among many genera and suprageneric taxa of the diverse grass tribe Poeae remain controversial. In an attempt to clarify these, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2400 new DNA sequences from two nuclear ribosomal regions (ITS, including internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene, and the 3'-end of the external transcribed spacer (ETS)) and five plastid regions (matK, trnL-trnF, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-rps19-trnH), and of more than 1000 new and previously published ITS sequences, focused particularly on Poeae chloroplast group 1 and including broad and increased species sampling compared to previous studies. Deep branches in the combined plastid and combined ITS+ETS trees are generally well resolved, the trees are congruent in most aspects, branch support across the trees is stronger than in trees based on only ITS and fewer plastid regions, and there is evidence of conflict between data partitions in some taxa. In plastid trees, a strongly supported clade corresponds to Poeae chloroplast group 1 and includes Agrostidinae p.p., Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae s.str., Brizinae, Koeleriinae (sometimes included in Aveninae s.l.), Phalaridinae and Torreyochloinae. In the ITS+ETS tree, a supported clade includes these same tribes as well as Sesleriinae and Scolochloinae. Aveninae s.str. and Sesleriinae are sister taxa and form a clade with Koeleriinae in the ITS+ETS tree whereas Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae form a clade and Sesleriinae is part of Poeae chloroplast group 2 in the plastid tree. All species of Trisetum are part of Koeleriinae, but the genus is polyphyletic. Koeleriinae is divided into two major subclades: one comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria and Trisetum subg. Trisetum, and the other Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p. (multiple species from Mexico to South America), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum subg. Deschampsioidea. Graphephorum, Trisetum cernuum, T. irazuense and T. macbridei fall in different clades of Koeleriinae in plastid vs. nuclear ribosomal trees, and are likely of hybrid origin. ITS and matK trees identify a third lineage of Koeleriinae corresponding to Trisetum subsect. Sibirica, and affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees, supporting recognition of Lagurus in its own subtribe. A large clade comprises taxa of Agrostidinae, Brizinae and Calothecinae, but neither Agrostidinae nor Calothecinae are monophyletic as currently circumscribed and affinities of Brizinae differ in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Within this clade, one newly identified lineage comprises Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon (Agrostidinae p.p.) and Relchela (Calothecinae p.p.), and another comprises Chascolytrum (Calothecinae p.p.) and Deyeuxia effusa (Agrostidinae p.p.). Within Agrostidinae p.p., the type species of Deyeuxia and Calamagrostis s.str. are closely related, supporting classification of Deyeuxia as a synonym of Calamagrostis s.str. Furthermore, the two species of Ammophila are not sister taxa and are nested among different groups of Calamagrostis s.str., supporting their classification in Calamagrostis. Agrostis, Lachnagrostis and Polypogon form a clade and species of each are variously intermixed in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Additionally, all but one species from South America classified in Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis resolve in Holcinae p.p. (Deschampsia). The current phylogenetic results support recognition of the latter species in Deschampsia, and we also demonstrate Scribneria is part of this clade. Moreover, Holcinae is not monophyletic in its current circumscription because Deschampsia does not form a clade with Holcus and Vahlodea, which are sister taxa. The results support recognition of Deschampsia in its own subtribe Aristaveninae. Substantial further changes to the classification of these grasses will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence. The following 15 new combinations are made: Calamagrostis × calammophila, C. breviligulata, C. breviligulata subsp. champlainensis, C. × don-hensonii, Deschampsia aurea, D. bolanderi, D. chrysantha, D. chrysantha var. phalaroides, D. eminens, D. eminens var. fulva, D. eminens var. inclusa, D. hackelii, D. ovata, and D. ovata var. nivalis. D. podophora; the new name Deschampsia parodiana is proposed; the new subtribe Lagurinae is described; and a second-step lectotype is designated for the name Deyeuxia phalaroides.
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molecular phylogenetics of cool season grasses in the subtribes agrostidinae anthoxanthinae aveninae brizinae calothecinae koeleriinae and phalaridinae poaceae pooideae poeae poeae chloroplast group 1
PhytoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Jeffery M Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:: Circumscriptions of and relationships among many genera and suprageneric taxa of the diverse grass tribe Poeae remain controversial. In an attempt to clarify these, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2400 new DNA sequences from two nuclear ribosomal regions (ITS, including internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene, and the 3'-end of the external transcribed spacer (ETS)) and five plastid regions (matK, trnL-trnF, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-rps19-trnH), and of more than 1000 new and previously published ITS sequences, focused particularly on Poeae chloroplast group 1 and including broad and increased species sampling compared to previous studies. Deep branches in the combined plastid and combined ITS+ETS trees are generally well resolved, the trees are congruent in most aspects, branch support across the trees is stronger than in trees based on only ITS and fewer plastid regions, and there is evidence of conflict between data partitions in some taxa. In plastid trees, a strongly supported clade corresponds to Poeae chloroplast group 1 and includes Agrostidinae p.p., Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae s.str., Brizinae, Koeleriinae (sometimes included in Aveninae s.l.), Phalaridinae and Torreyochloinae. In the ITS+ETS tree, a supported clade includes these same tribes as well as Sesleriinae and Scolochloinae. Aveninae s.str. and Sesleriinae are sister taxa and form a clade with Koeleriinae in the ITS+ETS tree whereas Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae form a clade and Sesleriinae is part of Poeae chloroplast group 2 in the plastid tree. All species of Trisetum are part of Koeleriinae, but the genus is polyphyletic. Koeleriinae is divided into two major subclades: one comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria and Trisetum subg. Trisetum, and the other Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p. (multiple species from Mexico to South America), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum subg. Deschampsioidea. Graphephorum, Trisetum cernuum, T. irazuense and T. macbridei fall in different clades of Koeleriinae in plastid vs. nuclear ribosomal trees, and are likely of hybrid origin. ITS and matK trees identify a third lineage of Koeleriinae corresponding to Trisetum subsect. Sibirica, and affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees, supporting recognition of Lagurus in its own subtribe. A large clade comprises taxa of Agrostidinae, Brizinae and Calothecinae, but neither Agrostidinae nor Calothecinae are monophyletic as currently circumscribed and affinities of Brizinae differ in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Within this clade, one newly identified lineage comprises Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon (Agrostidinae p.p.) and Relchela (Calothecinae p.p.), and another comprises Chascolytrum (Calothecinae p.p.) and Deyeuxia effusa (Agrostidinae p.p.). Within Agrostidinae p.p., the type species of Deyeuxia and Calamagrostis s.str. are closely related, supporting classification of Deyeuxia as a synonym of Calamagrostis s.str. Furthermore, the two species of Ammophila are not sister taxa and are nested among different groups of Calamagrostis s.str., supporting their classification in Calamagrostis. Agrostis, Lachnagrostis and Polypogon form a clade and species of each are variously intermixed in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Additionally, all but one species from South America classified in Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis resolve in Holcinae p.p. (Deschampsia). The current phylogenetic results support recognition of the latter species in Deschampsia, and we also demonstrate Scribneria is part of this clade. Moreover, Holcinae is not monophyletic in its current circumscription because Deschampsia does not form a clade with Holcus and Vahlodea, which are sister taxa. The results support recognition of Deschampsia in its own subtribe Aristaveninae. Substantial further changes to the classification of these grasses will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence. The following 15 new combinations are made: Calamagrostis × calammophila, C. breviligulata, C. breviligulata subsp. champlainensis, C. × don-hensonii, Deschampsia aurea, D. bolanderi, D. chrysantha, D. chrysantha var. phalaroides, D. eminens, D. eminens var. fulva, D. eminens var. inclusa, D. hackelii, D. ovata, and D. ovata var. nivalis. D. podophora; the new name Deschampsia parodiana is proposed; the new subtribe Lagurinae is described; and a second-step lectotype is designated for the name Deyeuxia phalaroides.
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A molecular phylogenetic study of temperate grasses in Poeae chloroplast group 1 (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae) based on nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data
2017Co-Authors: Jeffery Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:Abstract:We conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2500 new DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal (ITS and ETS) and five plastid regions to clarify relationships within and among genera and subtribes that are part of the grass tribe Poeae chloroplast group 1 and allies. A large clade comprises the subtribes Agrostidinae and Calothecinae, neither of which is monophyletic. The type species of Deyeuxia is allied with species of Calamagrostis s.s., thus Deyeuxia is a synonym of Calamagrostis, and relationships among species of Calamagrostis s.str. and related genera are mostly poorly resolved. Agrostis and Polypogon are distinct from Calamagrostis s.s. but are not reciprocally monophyletic. Species of Agrostis and Polypogon are intermixed in a strongly supported clade in plastid trees, including Lachnagrostis, and there is incongruence among data partitions in a subset of species. Ammophila and Calamagrostis s.str. are not distinguished as separate genera, and Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon and Relchela are closely related. Taxa of Sesleriinae are allied with Aveninae s.s. (Arrhenatherum, Avena, Helictotrichon, Tricholemma) in nuclear ribosomal trees, and with taxa of chloroplast group 2 in plastid trees. Koeleriinae is strongly supported and includes two major subclades: clade A comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Graphephorum and Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. (nuclear trees), Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria, Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. and Trisetum sect. Trisetaera, and Koeleriinae clade B comprises Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p., Graphephorum and Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. (plastid trees), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum sect. Deschampsioides. Within each clade most aspects of relationship are unresolved, and conflict between data partitions is identified. Affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.s. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees. All but one of the eight sampled species of Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis are part of the Deschampsia lineage, and these are transferred to Deschampsia. Substantial changes to the current classification will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence.Presentation delivered at XIX International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen, China, 23–29 July 2017, in a symposium entitled "Poaceae: systematics and phylogeny of major lineages". Related publication:Saarela JM, Bull RD, Paradis MJ, Ebata SN, Peterson PM, Soreng RJ, Paszko B, . (in press) Molecular phylogenetics of cool-season grasses in the subtribes Agrostidinae, Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae, Brizinae, Calothecinae, Koeleriinae and Phalaridinae (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Poeae chloroplast group 1). Phytokeys.
Robert J Soreng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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paramo Calamagrostis s l poaceae an updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of nw south america and southern central america including two new species one new variety and five new records for colombia
PhytoKeys, 2019Co-Authors: Steven P Sylvester, Robert J Soreng, William J Bravopedraza, Lia E Cutaalarcon, Diego Giraldocanas, Jose Reinaldo Aguilarcano, Paul M PetersonAbstract:Calamagrostis (syn. Deyeuxia), as traditionally circumscribed, is one of the most speciose genera from paramo grasslands of northwest South America and southern Central America and often dominates these high-elevation habitats. However, it remains difficult for researchers to accurately identify the species due to a lack of floristic treatments for most of the countries containing paramo, with the distribution of many species still very poorly known. In an effort to ameliorate this, we present an updated list and identification keys in English and Spanish (as electronic appendix) to the species of Calamagrostis s.l. known or likely to occur in the paramos of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica and Panama. Fifty-four species are accepted, constituting 47 species currently circumscribed in Calamagrostis and seven species recently transferred to Deschampsia. Included within this are two new species, Calamagrostiscrispifolius and Deschampsiasantamartensis, which are described and illustrated. Both new species are found in paramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (departamento Magdalena), on the northernmost tip of Colombia, with C.crispifolius also found in the Serrania de Perija on the border with Venezuela. Calamagrostiscrispifolius differs from all other species of Calamagrostis s.l. by the presence of strongly curled, readily deciduous leaf blades, amongst numerous other characteristics including open inflorescences with generally patent branches, small spikelets, (3.5-)4-5.5 mm long, with sessile florets and a rachilla prolongation reaching from 2/3 to almost the apex of the lemma, with short hairs (< 1 mm long). Deschampsiasantamartensis is similar to Deschampsiahackelii (=Calamagrostishackelii) from austral South America but differs by its broad, rigid and erect, strongly conduplicate blades, 1.5-2.5 mm wide when folded, ligules of innovations 0.5-1 mm long, truncate or obtuse, ligules of upper flowering culms 3-4 mm long, broadly shouldered with an attenuate central point, ellipsoid spike-like panicle, 3-5.5 long × 1.5-2.5 cm wide, lemma surfaces moderately to lightly scabrous between the veins, lemma apex acute to muticous, entire, rachilla extension often absent and inside of the floret often with hyaline shiny sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long, emerging from the base of the ovary. We also present a broader circumscription of the common species Deschampsiapodophora (=Calamagrostispodophora), with the new variety D.podophoravar.mutica described and illustrated. Deschampsiapodophoravar.mutica principally differs from var. podophora by florets lacking awns and larger habit i.e. multiple taller culms with longer and wider leaf blades forming tussocks, with inflorescences often held within sheaths. Nomenclatural changes are presented, with Deyeuxiamacrostachya newly synonymised under C.macrophylla and C.pittieri, C.pubescens and Deyeuxiapubescens newly synonimised under C.planifolia. Lectotypes are designated for Agrostisantoniana, Calamagrostispisinna, Deyeuxiamacrostachya and Deyeuxiasodiroana. We also document and give notes on five new records of Calamagrostis for Colombia: C.carchiensis, C.guamanensis, C.heterophylla, C.pisinna and C.rigida.
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poa laegaardiana a new species from ecuador poaceae pooideae poeae poinae
PhytoKeys, 2018Co-Authors: Paul M Peterson, Robert J SorengAbstract:Poa laegaardianasp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new species was found growing on sandy, volcanic soil in Festuca-Calamagrostis dominated grasslands southwest of Ambato and 2.2 km from Fecundo Vela in Provincia de Bolivar. The new species is morphologically similar to Poa gigantea but differs in having glumes 3/4 to 7/8 as long as the adjacent lemmas, a callus with a sparse, short, dorsal tuft of woolly hairs, culms 50-72 cm tall and spikelets 4.1-4.8 mm long. In addition, we include a key to the narrow-spikelike panicled species of Poa in Ecuador.
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molecular phylogenetics of cool season grasses in the subtribes agrostidinae anthoxanthinae aveninae brizinae calothecinae koeleriinae and phalaridinae poaceae pooideae poeae poeae chloroplast group 1
PhytoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Jeffery M Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:: Circumscriptions of and relationships among many genera and suprageneric taxa of the diverse grass tribe Poeae remain controversial. In an attempt to clarify these, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2400 new DNA sequences from two nuclear ribosomal regions (ITS, including internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene, and the 3'-end of the external transcribed spacer (ETS)) and five plastid regions (matK, trnL-trnF, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-rps19-trnH), and of more than 1000 new and previously published ITS sequences, focused particularly on Poeae chloroplast group 1 and including broad and increased species sampling compared to previous studies. Deep branches in the combined plastid and combined ITS+ETS trees are generally well resolved, the trees are congruent in most aspects, branch support across the trees is stronger than in trees based on only ITS and fewer plastid regions, and there is evidence of conflict between data partitions in some taxa. In plastid trees, a strongly supported clade corresponds to Poeae chloroplast group 1 and includes Agrostidinae p.p., Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae s.str., Brizinae, Koeleriinae (sometimes included in Aveninae s.l.), Phalaridinae and Torreyochloinae. In the ITS+ETS tree, a supported clade includes these same tribes as well as Sesleriinae and Scolochloinae. Aveninae s.str. and Sesleriinae are sister taxa and form a clade with Koeleriinae in the ITS+ETS tree whereas Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae form a clade and Sesleriinae is part of Poeae chloroplast group 2 in the plastid tree. All species of Trisetum are part of Koeleriinae, but the genus is polyphyletic. Koeleriinae is divided into two major subclades: one comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria and Trisetum subg. Trisetum, and the other Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p. (multiple species from Mexico to South America), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum subg. Deschampsioidea. Graphephorum, Trisetum cernuum, T. irazuense and T. macbridei fall in different clades of Koeleriinae in plastid vs. nuclear ribosomal trees, and are likely of hybrid origin. ITS and matK trees identify a third lineage of Koeleriinae corresponding to Trisetum subsect. Sibirica, and affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees, supporting recognition of Lagurus in its own subtribe. A large clade comprises taxa of Agrostidinae, Brizinae and Calothecinae, but neither Agrostidinae nor Calothecinae are monophyletic as currently circumscribed and affinities of Brizinae differ in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Within this clade, one newly identified lineage comprises Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon (Agrostidinae p.p.) and Relchela (Calothecinae p.p.), and another comprises Chascolytrum (Calothecinae p.p.) and Deyeuxia effusa (Agrostidinae p.p.). Within Agrostidinae p.p., the type species of Deyeuxia and Calamagrostis s.str. are closely related, supporting classification of Deyeuxia as a synonym of Calamagrostis s.str. Furthermore, the two species of Ammophila are not sister taxa and are nested among different groups of Calamagrostis s.str., supporting their classification in Calamagrostis. Agrostis, Lachnagrostis and Polypogon form a clade and species of each are variously intermixed in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Additionally, all but one species from South America classified in Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis resolve in Holcinae p.p. (Deschampsia). The current phylogenetic results support recognition of the latter species in Deschampsia, and we also demonstrate Scribneria is part of this clade. Moreover, Holcinae is not monophyletic in its current circumscription because Deschampsia does not form a clade with Holcus and Vahlodea, which are sister taxa. The results support recognition of Deschampsia in its own subtribe Aristaveninae. Substantial further changes to the classification of these grasses will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence. The following 15 new combinations are made: Calamagrostis × calammophila, C. breviligulata, C. breviligulata subsp. champlainensis, C. × don-hensonii, Deschampsia aurea, D. bolanderi, D. chrysantha, D. chrysantha var. phalaroides, D. eminens, D. eminens var. fulva, D. eminens var. inclusa, D. hackelii, D. ovata, and D. ovata var. nivalis. D. podophora; the new name Deschampsia parodiana is proposed; the new subtribe Lagurinae is described; and a second-step lectotype is designated for the name Deyeuxia phalaroides.
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molecular phylogenetics of cool season grasses in the subtribes agrostidinae anthoxanthinae aveninae brizinae calothecinae koeleriinae and phalaridinae poaceae pooideae poeae poeae chloroplast group 1
PhytoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Jeffery M Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:Circumscriptions of and relationships among many genera and suprageneric taxa of the diverse grass tribe Poeae remain controversial. In an attempt to clarify these, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2400 new DNA sequences from two nuclear ribosomal regions (ITS, including internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene, and the 3'-end of the external transcribed spacer (ETS)) and five plastid regions (matK, trnL-trnF, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-rps19-trnH), and of more than 1000 new and previously published ITS sequences, focused particularly on Poeae chloroplast group 1 and including broad and increased species sampling compared to previous studies. Deep branches in the combined plastid and combined ITS+ETS trees are generally well resolved, the trees are congruent in most aspects, branch support across the trees is stronger than in trees based on only ITS and fewer plastid regions, and there is evidence of conflict between data partitions in some taxa. In plastid trees, a strongly supported clade corresponds to Poeae chloroplast group 1 and includes Agrostidinae p.p., Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae s.str., Brizinae, Koeleriinae (sometimes included in Aveninae s.l.), Phalaridinae and Torreyochloinae. In the ITS+ETS tree, a supported clade includes these same tribes as well as Sesleriinae and Scolochloinae. Aveninae s.str. and Sesleriinae are sister taxa and form a clade with Koeleriinae in the ITS+ETS tree whereas Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae form a clade and Sesleriinae is part of Poeae chloroplast group 2 in the plastid tree. All species of Trisetum are part of Koeleriinae, but the genus is polyphyletic. Koeleriinae is divided into two major subclades: one comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria and Trisetum subg. Trisetum, and the other Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p. (multiple species from Mexico to South America), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum subg. Deschampsioidea. Graphephorum, Trisetum cernuum, T. irazuense and T. macbridei fall in different clades of Koeleriinae in plastid vs. nuclear ribosomal trees, and are likely of hybrid origin. ITS and matK trees identify a third lineage of Koeleriinae corresponding to Trisetum subsect. Sibirica, and affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees, supporting recognition of Lagurus in its own subtribe. A large clade comprises taxa of Agrostidinae, Brizinae and Calothecinae, but neither Agrostidinae nor Calothecinae are monophyletic as currently circumscribed and affinities of Brizinae differ in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Within this clade, one newly identified lineage comprises Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon (Agrostidinae p.p.) and Relchela (Calothecinae p.p.), and another comprises Chascolytrum (Calothecinae p.p.) and Deyeuxia effusa (Agrostidinae p.p.). Within Agrostidinae p.p., the type species of Deyeuxia and Calamagrostis s.str. are closely related, supporting classification of Deyeuxia as a synonym of Calamagrostis s.str. Furthermore, the two species of Ammophila are not sister taxa and are nested among different groups of Calamagrostis s.str., supporting their classification in Calamagrostis. Agrostis, Lachnagrostis and Polypogon form a clade and species of each are variously intermixed in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Additionally, all but one species from South America classified in Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis resolve in Holcinae p.p. (Deschampsia). The current phylogenetic results support recognition of the latter species in Deschampsia, and we also demonstrate Scribneria is part of this clade. Moreover, Holcinae is not monophyletic in its current circumscription because Deschampsia does not form a clade with Holcus and Vahlodea, which are sister taxa. The results support recognition of Deschampsia in its own subtribe Aristaveninae. Substantial further changes to the classification of these grasses will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence. The following 15 new combinations are made: Calamagrostis × calammophila, C. breviligulata, C. breviligulata subsp. champlainensis, C. × don-hensonii, Deschampsia aurea, D. bolanderi, D. chrysantha, D. chrysantha var. phalaroides, D. eminens, D. eminens var. fulva, D. eminens var. inclusa, D. hackelii, D. ovata, and D. ovata var. nivalis. D. podophora; the new name Deschampsia parodiana is proposed; the new subtribe Lagurinae is described; and a second-step lectotype is designated for the name Deyeuxia phalaroides.
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A molecular phylogenetic study of temperate grasses in Poeae chloroplast group 1 (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae) based on nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data
2017Co-Authors: Jeffery Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:Abstract:We conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2500 new DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal (ITS and ETS) and five plastid regions to clarify relationships within and among genera and subtribes that are part of the grass tribe Poeae chloroplast group 1 and allies. A large clade comprises the subtribes Agrostidinae and Calothecinae, neither of which is monophyletic. The type species of Deyeuxia is allied with species of Calamagrostis s.s., thus Deyeuxia is a synonym of Calamagrostis, and relationships among species of Calamagrostis s.str. and related genera are mostly poorly resolved. Agrostis and Polypogon are distinct from Calamagrostis s.s. but are not reciprocally monophyletic. Species of Agrostis and Polypogon are intermixed in a strongly supported clade in plastid trees, including Lachnagrostis, and there is incongruence among data partitions in a subset of species. Ammophila and Calamagrostis s.str. are not distinguished as separate genera, and Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon and Relchela are closely related. Taxa of Sesleriinae are allied with Aveninae s.s. (Arrhenatherum, Avena, Helictotrichon, Tricholemma) in nuclear ribosomal trees, and with taxa of chloroplast group 2 in plastid trees. Koeleriinae is strongly supported and includes two major subclades: clade A comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Graphephorum and Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. (nuclear trees), Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria, Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. and Trisetum sect. Trisetaera, and Koeleriinae clade B comprises Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p., Graphephorum and Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. (plastid trees), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum sect. Deschampsioides. Within each clade most aspects of relationship are unresolved, and conflict between data partitions is identified. Affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.s. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees. All but one of the eight sampled species of Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis are part of the Deschampsia lineage, and these are transferred to Deschampsia. Substantial changes to the current classification will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence.Presentation delivered at XIX International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen, China, 23–29 July 2017, in a symposium entitled "Poaceae: systematics and phylogeny of major lineages". Related publication:Saarela JM, Bull RD, Paradis MJ, Ebata SN, Peterson PM, Soreng RJ, Paszko B, . (in press) Molecular phylogenetics of cool-season grasses in the subtribes Agrostidinae, Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae, Brizinae, Calothecinae, Koeleriinae and Phalaridinae (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Poeae chloroplast group 1). Phytokeys.
Paul M Peterson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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paramo Calamagrostis s l poaceae an updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of nw south america and southern central america including two new species one new variety and five new records for colombia
PhytoKeys, 2019Co-Authors: Steven P Sylvester, Robert J Soreng, William J Bravopedraza, Lia E Cutaalarcon, Diego Giraldocanas, Jose Reinaldo Aguilarcano, Paul M PetersonAbstract:Calamagrostis (syn. Deyeuxia), as traditionally circumscribed, is one of the most speciose genera from paramo grasslands of northwest South America and southern Central America and often dominates these high-elevation habitats. However, it remains difficult for researchers to accurately identify the species due to a lack of floristic treatments for most of the countries containing paramo, with the distribution of many species still very poorly known. In an effort to ameliorate this, we present an updated list and identification keys in English and Spanish (as electronic appendix) to the species of Calamagrostis s.l. known or likely to occur in the paramos of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica and Panama. Fifty-four species are accepted, constituting 47 species currently circumscribed in Calamagrostis and seven species recently transferred to Deschampsia. Included within this are two new species, Calamagrostiscrispifolius and Deschampsiasantamartensis, which are described and illustrated. Both new species are found in paramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (departamento Magdalena), on the northernmost tip of Colombia, with C.crispifolius also found in the Serrania de Perija on the border with Venezuela. Calamagrostiscrispifolius differs from all other species of Calamagrostis s.l. by the presence of strongly curled, readily deciduous leaf blades, amongst numerous other characteristics including open inflorescences with generally patent branches, small spikelets, (3.5-)4-5.5 mm long, with sessile florets and a rachilla prolongation reaching from 2/3 to almost the apex of the lemma, with short hairs (< 1 mm long). Deschampsiasantamartensis is similar to Deschampsiahackelii (=Calamagrostishackelii) from austral South America but differs by its broad, rigid and erect, strongly conduplicate blades, 1.5-2.5 mm wide when folded, ligules of innovations 0.5-1 mm long, truncate or obtuse, ligules of upper flowering culms 3-4 mm long, broadly shouldered with an attenuate central point, ellipsoid spike-like panicle, 3-5.5 long × 1.5-2.5 cm wide, lemma surfaces moderately to lightly scabrous between the veins, lemma apex acute to muticous, entire, rachilla extension often absent and inside of the floret often with hyaline shiny sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long, emerging from the base of the ovary. We also present a broader circumscription of the common species Deschampsiapodophora (=Calamagrostispodophora), with the new variety D.podophoravar.mutica described and illustrated. Deschampsiapodophoravar.mutica principally differs from var. podophora by florets lacking awns and larger habit i.e. multiple taller culms with longer and wider leaf blades forming tussocks, with inflorescences often held within sheaths. Nomenclatural changes are presented, with Deyeuxiamacrostachya newly synonymised under C.macrophylla and C.pittieri, C.pubescens and Deyeuxiapubescens newly synonimised under C.planifolia. Lectotypes are designated for Agrostisantoniana, Calamagrostispisinna, Deyeuxiamacrostachya and Deyeuxiasodiroana. We also document and give notes on five new records of Calamagrostis for Colombia: C.carchiensis, C.guamanensis, C.heterophylla, C.pisinna and C.rigida.
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poa laegaardiana a new species from ecuador poaceae pooideae poeae poinae
PhytoKeys, 2018Co-Authors: Paul M Peterson, Robert J SorengAbstract:Poa laegaardianasp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new species was found growing on sandy, volcanic soil in Festuca-Calamagrostis dominated grasslands southwest of Ambato and 2.2 km from Fecundo Vela in Provincia de Bolivar. The new species is morphologically similar to Poa gigantea but differs in having glumes 3/4 to 7/8 as long as the adjacent lemmas, a callus with a sparse, short, dorsal tuft of woolly hairs, culms 50-72 cm tall and spikelets 4.1-4.8 mm long. In addition, we include a key to the narrow-spikelike panicled species of Poa in Ecuador.
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molecular phylogenetics of cool season grasses in the subtribes agrostidinae anthoxanthinae aveninae brizinae calothecinae koeleriinae and phalaridinae poaceae pooideae poeae poeae chloroplast group 1
PhytoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Jeffery M Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:: Circumscriptions of and relationships among many genera and suprageneric taxa of the diverse grass tribe Poeae remain controversial. In an attempt to clarify these, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2400 new DNA sequences from two nuclear ribosomal regions (ITS, including internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene, and the 3'-end of the external transcribed spacer (ETS)) and five plastid regions (matK, trnL-trnF, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-rps19-trnH), and of more than 1000 new and previously published ITS sequences, focused particularly on Poeae chloroplast group 1 and including broad and increased species sampling compared to previous studies. Deep branches in the combined plastid and combined ITS+ETS trees are generally well resolved, the trees are congruent in most aspects, branch support across the trees is stronger than in trees based on only ITS and fewer plastid regions, and there is evidence of conflict between data partitions in some taxa. In plastid trees, a strongly supported clade corresponds to Poeae chloroplast group 1 and includes Agrostidinae p.p., Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae s.str., Brizinae, Koeleriinae (sometimes included in Aveninae s.l.), Phalaridinae and Torreyochloinae. In the ITS+ETS tree, a supported clade includes these same tribes as well as Sesleriinae and Scolochloinae. Aveninae s.str. and Sesleriinae are sister taxa and form a clade with Koeleriinae in the ITS+ETS tree whereas Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae form a clade and Sesleriinae is part of Poeae chloroplast group 2 in the plastid tree. All species of Trisetum are part of Koeleriinae, but the genus is polyphyletic. Koeleriinae is divided into two major subclades: one comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria and Trisetum subg. Trisetum, and the other Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p. (multiple species from Mexico to South America), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum subg. Deschampsioidea. Graphephorum, Trisetum cernuum, T. irazuense and T. macbridei fall in different clades of Koeleriinae in plastid vs. nuclear ribosomal trees, and are likely of hybrid origin. ITS and matK trees identify a third lineage of Koeleriinae corresponding to Trisetum subsect. Sibirica, and affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees, supporting recognition of Lagurus in its own subtribe. A large clade comprises taxa of Agrostidinae, Brizinae and Calothecinae, but neither Agrostidinae nor Calothecinae are monophyletic as currently circumscribed and affinities of Brizinae differ in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Within this clade, one newly identified lineage comprises Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon (Agrostidinae p.p.) and Relchela (Calothecinae p.p.), and another comprises Chascolytrum (Calothecinae p.p.) and Deyeuxia effusa (Agrostidinae p.p.). Within Agrostidinae p.p., the type species of Deyeuxia and Calamagrostis s.str. are closely related, supporting classification of Deyeuxia as a synonym of Calamagrostis s.str. Furthermore, the two species of Ammophila are not sister taxa and are nested among different groups of Calamagrostis s.str., supporting their classification in Calamagrostis. Agrostis, Lachnagrostis and Polypogon form a clade and species of each are variously intermixed in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Additionally, all but one species from South America classified in Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis resolve in Holcinae p.p. (Deschampsia). The current phylogenetic results support recognition of the latter species in Deschampsia, and we also demonstrate Scribneria is part of this clade. Moreover, Holcinae is not monophyletic in its current circumscription because Deschampsia does not form a clade with Holcus and Vahlodea, which are sister taxa. The results support recognition of Deschampsia in its own subtribe Aristaveninae. Substantial further changes to the classification of these grasses will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence. The following 15 new combinations are made: Calamagrostis × calammophila, C. breviligulata, C. breviligulata subsp. champlainensis, C. × don-hensonii, Deschampsia aurea, D. bolanderi, D. chrysantha, D. chrysantha var. phalaroides, D. eminens, D. eminens var. fulva, D. eminens var. inclusa, D. hackelii, D. ovata, and D. ovata var. nivalis. D. podophora; the new name Deschampsia parodiana is proposed; the new subtribe Lagurinae is described; and a second-step lectotype is designated for the name Deyeuxia phalaroides.
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molecular phylogenetics of cool season grasses in the subtribes agrostidinae anthoxanthinae aveninae brizinae calothecinae koeleriinae and phalaridinae poaceae pooideae poeae poeae chloroplast group 1
PhytoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Jeffery M Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:Circumscriptions of and relationships among many genera and suprageneric taxa of the diverse grass tribe Poeae remain controversial. In an attempt to clarify these, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2400 new DNA sequences from two nuclear ribosomal regions (ITS, including internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene, and the 3'-end of the external transcribed spacer (ETS)) and five plastid regions (matK, trnL-trnF, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-rps19-trnH), and of more than 1000 new and previously published ITS sequences, focused particularly on Poeae chloroplast group 1 and including broad and increased species sampling compared to previous studies. Deep branches in the combined plastid and combined ITS+ETS trees are generally well resolved, the trees are congruent in most aspects, branch support across the trees is stronger than in trees based on only ITS and fewer plastid regions, and there is evidence of conflict between data partitions in some taxa. In plastid trees, a strongly supported clade corresponds to Poeae chloroplast group 1 and includes Agrostidinae p.p., Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae s.str., Brizinae, Koeleriinae (sometimes included in Aveninae s.l.), Phalaridinae and Torreyochloinae. In the ITS+ETS tree, a supported clade includes these same tribes as well as Sesleriinae and Scolochloinae. Aveninae s.str. and Sesleriinae are sister taxa and form a clade with Koeleriinae in the ITS+ETS tree whereas Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae form a clade and Sesleriinae is part of Poeae chloroplast group 2 in the plastid tree. All species of Trisetum are part of Koeleriinae, but the genus is polyphyletic. Koeleriinae is divided into two major subclades: one comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria and Trisetum subg. Trisetum, and the other Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p. (multiple species from Mexico to South America), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum subg. Deschampsioidea. Graphephorum, Trisetum cernuum, T. irazuense and T. macbridei fall in different clades of Koeleriinae in plastid vs. nuclear ribosomal trees, and are likely of hybrid origin. ITS and matK trees identify a third lineage of Koeleriinae corresponding to Trisetum subsect. Sibirica, and affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.str. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees, supporting recognition of Lagurus in its own subtribe. A large clade comprises taxa of Agrostidinae, Brizinae and Calothecinae, but neither Agrostidinae nor Calothecinae are monophyletic as currently circumscribed and affinities of Brizinae differ in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Within this clade, one newly identified lineage comprises Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon (Agrostidinae p.p.) and Relchela (Calothecinae p.p.), and another comprises Chascolytrum (Calothecinae p.p.) and Deyeuxia effusa (Agrostidinae p.p.). Within Agrostidinae p.p., the type species of Deyeuxia and Calamagrostis s.str. are closely related, supporting classification of Deyeuxia as a synonym of Calamagrostis s.str. Furthermore, the two species of Ammophila are not sister taxa and are nested among different groups of Calamagrostis s.str., supporting their classification in Calamagrostis. Agrostis, Lachnagrostis and Polypogon form a clade and species of each are variously intermixed in plastid and nuclear ribosomal trees. Additionally, all but one species from South America classified in Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis resolve in Holcinae p.p. (Deschampsia). The current phylogenetic results support recognition of the latter species in Deschampsia, and we also demonstrate Scribneria is part of this clade. Moreover, Holcinae is not monophyletic in its current circumscription because Deschampsia does not form a clade with Holcus and Vahlodea, which are sister taxa. The results support recognition of Deschampsia in its own subtribe Aristaveninae. Substantial further changes to the classification of these grasses will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence. The following 15 new combinations are made: Calamagrostis × calammophila, C. breviligulata, C. breviligulata subsp. champlainensis, C. × don-hensonii, Deschampsia aurea, D. bolanderi, D. chrysantha, D. chrysantha var. phalaroides, D. eminens, D. eminens var. fulva, D. eminens var. inclusa, D. hackelii, D. ovata, and D. ovata var. nivalis. D. podophora; the new name Deschampsia parodiana is proposed; the new subtribe Lagurinae is described; and a second-step lectotype is designated for the name Deyeuxia phalaroides.
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A molecular phylogenetic study of temperate grasses in Poeae chloroplast group 1 (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae) based on nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data
2017Co-Authors: Jeffery Saarela, Robert J Soreng, Paul M Peterson, Roger D. Bull, Michel J. Paradis, Sharon N. Ebata, Beata PaszkoAbstract:Abstract:We conducted phylogenetic analyses of >2500 new DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal (ITS and ETS) and five plastid regions to clarify relationships within and among genera and subtribes that are part of the grass tribe Poeae chloroplast group 1 and allies. A large clade comprises the subtribes Agrostidinae and Calothecinae, neither of which is monophyletic. The type species of Deyeuxia is allied with species of Calamagrostis s.s., thus Deyeuxia is a synonym of Calamagrostis, and relationships among species of Calamagrostis s.str. and related genera are mostly poorly resolved. Agrostis and Polypogon are distinct from Calamagrostis s.s. but are not reciprocally monophyletic. Species of Agrostis and Polypogon are intermixed in a strongly supported clade in plastid trees, including Lachnagrostis, and there is incongruence among data partitions in a subset of species. Ammophila and Calamagrostis s.str. are not distinguished as separate genera, and Calamagrostis coarctata, Dichelachne, Echinopogon and Relchela are closely related. Taxa of Sesleriinae are allied with Aveninae s.s. (Arrhenatherum, Avena, Helictotrichon, Tricholemma) in nuclear ribosomal trees, and with taxa of chloroplast group 2 in plastid trees. Koeleriinae is strongly supported and includes two major subclades: clade A comprises Avellinia, Gaudinia, Graphephorum and Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. (nuclear trees), Koeleria, Rostraria, Trisetaria, Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. and Trisetum sect. Trisetaera, and Koeleriinae clade B comprises Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia p.p., Graphephorum and Trisetum sect. Trisetum p.p. (plastid trees), Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, Sphenopholis, Trisetopsis and Trisetum sect. Deschampsioides. Within each clade most aspects of relationship are unresolved, and conflict between data partitions is identified. Affinities of Lagurus ovatus with respect to Aveninae s.s. and Koeleriinae are incongruent in nuclear ribosomal and plastid trees. All but one of the eight sampled species of Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis are part of the Deschampsia lineage, and these are transferred to Deschampsia. Substantial changes to the current classification will be needed to produce generic circumscriptions consistent with phylogenetic evidence.Presentation delivered at XIX International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen, China, 23–29 July 2017, in a symposium entitled "Poaceae: systematics and phylogeny of major lineages". Related publication:Saarela JM, Bull RD, Paradis MJ, Ebata SN, Peterson PM, Soreng RJ, Paszko B, . (in press) Molecular phylogenetics of cool-season grasses in the subtribes Agrostidinae, Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae, Brizinae, Calothecinae, Koeleriinae and Phalaridinae (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Poeae chloroplast group 1). Phytokeys.
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Capacidad fitorremediadora de las especies de flora herbácea silvestre con mayor valor de importancia en la zona de pasivos mineros El Sinchao, distrito de Chugur, provincia de Hualgayoc, Cajamarca – Perú 2017
Universidad Privada del Norte, 2018Co-Authors: Dávila Mego, Nancy Karina, Walter Villegas, Lorena ChabeliAbstract:RESUMEN Se determinaron las especies de flora herbácea silvestre con capacidad fitorremediadora originarias de la zona de pasivos mineros el Sinchao, ubicado en el distrito de Chugur, Provincia de Hualgayoc, donde se realizaron los análisis en las especies Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata y Juncus conglomeratus seleccionadas por su alto valor de importancia en la zona, posteriormente mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson se logró determinar la relación entre la concentración de metales en el suelo y las plantas. Asimismo, se calculó el Factor de Traslocación y Factor de Bioconcentración, lo que permitió indicar si la planta es fitoestabilizadora o fitoextractora de Aluminio, Arsénico, Plomo, Cromo, Cobre, Cadmio, Magnesio, Manganeso, Zinc, Estroncio, Antimonio, Talio, Hierro, Mercurio, Níquel y Estaño. Por otro lado se obtuvo una base de datos de la zona Las Gardas, la cual contribuyó como referencia para comparar la acumulación de las plantas tanto en una zona con pasivos y otra zona sin alteraciones. En la investigación se identificó que la especie Paspalum bonplandianum, acumula la mayor cantidad de metales pesados (mg/kg), como el Aluminio (2844.6), Mercurio (0.3), Antimonio (13), Estaño (1.4), Zinc (760.2), Cromo (3.86) y Níquel (3.59). Asimismo, la concentración de metales pesados se da en la parte de la raíz de todas las especies, a excepción de la Lachemilla orbiculata donde se observó que es en el tallo. Finalmente, mediante los TF y BCF se estableció que la especie Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata y el Juncus conglomeratus serían especies fitoextractoras de Mg y Mn; igualmente, Lachemilla orbicula también sería fitoextractora del Sr y el Zn. Por otro lado Calamagrostis tarmensis se podría aplicar en técnicas de fitoestabilización para el Ti, asi como Paspalum bonplandianum para el Sb, Zn y Cr, la especie Carex pichinchensis para Zn, la especie Lachemilla orbiculada para el Cd y Mn y finalmente el Juncus conglomeratus para el Cd, Cr y Zn. PALABRAS CLAVES: Fitorremediación, valor de importancia, Factor de Traslocación, Factor de Bioconcentración, fitoestabilización y fitoextracción.ABSTRACT The species of wild herbaceous flora with phytoremediation capacity originating in the Sinchao mining passive area, located in the district of Chugur, Province of Hualgayoc, where the analyzes were carried out on the species Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla, were determined. Orbiculata and Juncus conglomeratus selected for their high value of importance in the area, later using the Pearson correlation coefficient was able to determine the relationship between the concentration of metals in the soil and plants. Likewise, the Translocation Factor and Bioconcentration Factor were calculated, which allowed to indicate whether the plant is phytostabilizing or phytoextracting of Aluminum, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Copper, Cadmium, Magnesium, Manganese, Zinc, Strontium, Antimony, Thallium, Iron , Mercury, Nickel and Tin. On the other hand, a database was obtained from the Las Gradas area, which contributed as a reference to compare the accumulation of the plants both in one zone with liabilities and another zone without alterations. In the research it was identified that the species Paspalum bonplandianum, accumulates the highest amount of heavy metals (mg / kg), such as Aluminum (2844.6), Mercury (0.3), Antimony (13), Tin (1.4), Zinc (760.2) , Chromium (3.86) and Nickel (3.59). Also, the concentration of heavy metals occurs in the root part of all species, except for the Lachemilla orbiculata where it was observed to be in the stem. Finally, through TF and BCF it was established that the species Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata and Juncus conglomeratus would be phytoextractant species of Mg and Mn; likewise, Lachemilla orbicula would also be a phytoextractor of Sr and Zn. On the other hand Calamagrostis tarmensis could be applied in phytostabilization techniques for Ti, as well as Paspalum bonplandianum for Sb, Zn and Cr, the species Carex pichinchensis for Zn, the species Lachemilla orbiculada for Cd and Mn and finally the Juncus conglomeratus for the Cd, Cr and Zn. KEYWORDS: Phytoremediation, importance value, translocation factor, bioconcentration factor, phytostabilization and phytoextraction
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Capacidad fitorremediadora de las especies de flora herbácea silvestre con mayor valor de importancia en la zona de pasivos mineros el Sinchao, distrito de Chugur, provincia de Hualgayoc, Cajamarca – Perú 2017
'Dipartimento di Economia Universita di Perugia (IT)', 2018Co-Authors: Dávila Mego, Nancy Karina, Walter Villegas, Lorena ChabeliAbstract:ABSTRACT The species of wild herbaceous flora with phytoremediation capacity originating in the Sinchao mining passive area, located in the district of Chugur, Province of Hualgayoc, where the analyzes were carried out on the species Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla, were determined. Orbiculata and Juncus conglomeratus selected for their high value of importance in the area, later using the Pearson correlation coefficient was able to determine the relationship between the concentration of metals in the soil and plants. Likewise, the Translocation Factor and Bioconcentration Factor were calculated, which allowed to indicate whether the plant is phytostabilizing or phytoextracting of Aluminum, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Copper, Cadmium, Magnesium, Manganese, Zinc, Strontium, Antimony, Thallium, Iron , Mercury, Nickel and Tin. On the other hand, a database was obtained from the Las Gradas area, which contributed as a reference to compare the accumulation of the plants both in one zone with liabilities and another zone without alterations. In the research it was identified that the species Paspalum bonplandianum, accumulates the highest amount of heavy metals (mg / kg), such as Aluminum (2844.6), Mercury (0.3), Antimony (13), Tin (1.4), Zinc (760.2) , Chromium (3.86) and Nickel (3.59). Also, the concentration of heavy metals occurs in the root part of all species, except for the Lachemilla orbiculata where it was observed to be in the stem. Finally, through TF and BCF it was established that the species Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata and Juncus conglomeratus would be phytoextractant species of Mg and Mn; likewise, Lachemilla orbicula would also be a phytoextractor of Sr and Zn. On the other hand Calamagrostis tarmensis could be applied in phytostabilization techniques for Ti, as well as Paspalum bonplandianum for Sb, Zn and Cr, the species Carex pichinchensis for Zn, the species Lachemilla orbiculada for Cd and Mn and finally the Juncus conglomeratus for the Cd, Cr and Zn. Keywords: Phytoremediation, importance value, translocation factor, bioconcentration factor, phytostabilization and phytoextractionTesisSe determinaron las especies de flora herbácea silvestre con capacidad fitorremediadora originarias de la zona de pasivos mineros el Sinchao, ubicado en el distrito de Chugur, Provincia de Hualgayoc, donde se realizaron los análisis en las especies Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata y Juncus conglomeratus seleccionadas por su alto valor de importancia en la zona, posteriormente mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson se logró determinar la relación entre la concentración de metales en el suelo y las plantas. Asimismo, se calculó el Factor de Traslocación y Factor de Bioconcentración, lo que permitió indicar si la planta es fitoestabilizadora o fitoextractora de Aluminio, Arsénico, Plomo, Cromo, Cobre, Cadmio, Magnesio, Manganeso, Zinc, Estroncio, Antimonio, Talio, Hierro, Mercurio, Níquel y Estaño. Por otro lado se obtuvo una base de datos de la zona Las Gardas, la cual contribuyó como referencia para comparar la acumulación de las plantas tanto en una zona con pasivos y otra zona sin alteraciones. En la investigación se identificó que la especie Paspalum bonplandianum, acumula la mayor cantidad de metales pesados (mg/kg), como el Aluminio (2844.6), Mercurio (0.3), Antimonio (13), Estaño (1.4), Zinc (760.2), Cromo (3.86) y Níquel (3.59). Asimismo, la concentración de metales pesados se da en la parte de la raíz de todas las especies, a excepción de la Lachemilla orbiculata donde se observó que es en el tallo. Finalmente, mediante los TF y BCF se estableció que la especie Calamagrostis tarmensis, Paspalum bonplandianum, Carex pichinchensis, Lachemilla orbiculata y el Juncus conglomeratus serían especies fitoextractoras de Mg y Mn; igualmente, Lachemilla orbicula también sería fitoextractora del Sr y el Zn. Por otro lado Calamagrostis tarmensis se podría aplicar en técnicas de fitoestabilización para el Ti, asi como Paspalum bonplandianum para el Sb, Zn y Cr, la especie Carex pichinchensis para Zn, la especie Lachemilla orbiculada para el Cd y Mn y finalmente el Juncus conglomeratus para el Cd, Cr y Zn. Palabras Clave: Fitorremediación, valor de importancia, Factor de Traslocación, Factor de Bioconcentración, fitoestabilización y fitoextracció