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Collin Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physical compatibility of calcium chloride and sodium glycerophosphate in pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Collin Anderson, Mark MackayAbstract:Background: Calcium and phosphate precipitation is an ongoing concern when compounding pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. Considerable effort has been expended in producing graphs, tables, and equations to guide the practitioner in prescribing PN that will remain stable. Calcium gluconate is preferred over calcium chloride when compounding PN because of its superior compatibility with inorganic phosphates. PN solutions containing calcium gluconate carry a higher aluminum load than equivalent solutions compounded with calcium chloride, leading to increased potential for aluminum toxicity. This study tested the solubility of calcium chloride in PN solutions compounded with an organic phosphate component, sodium glycerophosphate (NaGP), in place of sodium phosphate. Methods: Five PN solutions were compounded by adding calcium chloride at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mEq/L and corresponding concentrations of NaGP at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmol/L. Each of the 5 solutions was compounded using 1.5% and 4% ...
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physical compatibility of sodium glycerophosphate and calcium gluconate in pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Mark Mackay, Collin AndersonAbstract:Background: The solubility of inorganic calcium and phosphate in parenteral solutions can be complicated in pediatrics due to the dosing of calcium and phosphorus at the saturation point. The purpose of this study was to test the solubility of sodium glycerophosphate (NaGP) with calcium gluconate in pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. Methods: Five PN solutions were compounded by adding calcium gluconate at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mEq/L and corresponding concentrations of NaGP at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmol/L. Each of the 5 solutions was compounded using 1.5% and 4% amino acids, cysteines, and lipids. Compatibility was evaluated by visual inspection (precipitation, haze, and color change). Solutions were evaluated microscopically for any microcrystals and measured by a turbidimeter for changes in turbidity. Solutions were further analyzed using United States Pharmacopeia 788 standards. Six hundred seventy-one PN solutions were compounded at various concentrations and evaluated for visual stabili...
Mark Mackay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physical compatibility of calcium chloride and sodium glycerophosphate in pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Collin Anderson, Mark MackayAbstract:Background: Calcium and phosphate precipitation is an ongoing concern when compounding pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. Considerable effort has been expended in producing graphs, tables, and equations to guide the practitioner in prescribing PN that will remain stable. Calcium gluconate is preferred over calcium chloride when compounding PN because of its superior compatibility with inorganic phosphates. PN solutions containing calcium gluconate carry a higher aluminum load than equivalent solutions compounded with calcium chloride, leading to increased potential for aluminum toxicity. This study tested the solubility of calcium chloride in PN solutions compounded with an organic phosphate component, sodium glycerophosphate (NaGP), in place of sodium phosphate. Methods: Five PN solutions were compounded by adding calcium chloride at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mEq/L and corresponding concentrations of NaGP at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmol/L. Each of the 5 solutions was compounded using 1.5% and 4% ...
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physical compatibility of sodium glycerophosphate and calcium gluconate in pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Mark Mackay, Collin AndersonAbstract:Background: The solubility of inorganic calcium and phosphate in parenteral solutions can be complicated in pediatrics due to the dosing of calcium and phosphorus at the saturation point. The purpose of this study was to test the solubility of sodium glycerophosphate (NaGP) with calcium gluconate in pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. Methods: Five PN solutions were compounded by adding calcium gluconate at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mEq/L and corresponding concentrations of NaGP at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmol/L. Each of the 5 solutions was compounded using 1.5% and 4% amino acids, cysteines, and lipids. Compatibility was evaluated by visual inspection (precipitation, haze, and color change). Solutions were evaluated microscopically for any microcrystals and measured by a turbidimeter for changes in turbidity. Solutions were further analyzed using United States Pharmacopeia 788 standards. Six hundred seventy-one PN solutions were compounded at various concentrations and evaluated for visual stabili...
T S Gaginella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of endothelin 1 on guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle in vitro
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1992Co-Authors: C Moummi, G W Gullikson, T S GaginellaAbstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacological activity of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle. Guinea pig gallbladder muscle strips were mounted in 10-ml siliconized organ baths containing Krebs' solution. After 1 hr of equilibration, ET-1 was added cumulatively. ET-1 induced slow-developing and long-duration contractile responses. The EC50 was approximately 10 nM. ET-1 was 5 times less potent than cholecystokinin (EC50, 2 nM), but 20 and 40 times more potent than carbachol (EC50, 200 nM) and histamine (EC50, 400 nM), respectively. The concentration-response curve to ET-1 was not affected by tetrodotoxin (0.1 microM) or by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine (10 microM). The neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, omega-conotoxin (0.1 microM), had no significant effect on the ET-1 concentration-response curve. In contrast, the contractile effect to ET-1 was reduced markedly by removal of extracellular calcium or by the voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers nicardipine and diltiazem. Substitution of strontium (an inhibitor of intracellular calcium release) for Ca++ significantly reduced the response to ET-1. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin had no significant effect on the contractile activity of ET-1. These finding suggest that ET-1 is a potent contractile stimulant of guinea pig gallbladder and that it acts directly on the smooth muscle. The activity depends on extracellular Ca++, suggesting involvement of Ca++ influx via the voltage-dependent Ca++ channel and on intracellular calcium.
Prinya Chindaprasirt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compressive strength and microstructure analysis of geopolymer paste using waste glass powder and fly ash
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Tawatchai Tho-in, Kornkanok Boonserm, Vanchai Sata, Prinya ChindaprasirtAbstract:Abstract The use of recycled materials in concrete is attractive for reducing the waste and consumption of natural material resources. Geopolymer is an inorganic binder material that has emerged as an alternative to conventional cement binders for the concrete industry. In this study, the compressive strengths and microstructures of geopolymer pastes containing waste glass powder and high-calcium fly ash were investigated. High-calcium fly ash with median particle size of 21.26 μm was replaced by waste glass powder at the levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight to produce the geopolymer pastes. The waste glass powders consisted of ground fluorescent lamp glass and ground container glass with median particle sizes of 4.65 and 11.72 μm, respectively. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used as activated solutions. The alkaline liquid to binder ratio was 0.6 and that of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide was 1.0. All samples were cured at 60±2 °C for 48 h and held at 23±2 °C until testing. The results indicated that waste glass powder could be used to replace fly ash to produce geopolymer pastes with 7-d compressive strengths of 34–48 MPa. The dense microstructure, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry, was closely related to the improved compressive strength; the use of 10–20% ground container glass to replace high-calcium FA yielded the optimum results.
Dwight B Culver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sensory and associated reactions to mineral dusts sodium borate calcium oxide and calcium sulfate
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2004Co-Authors: William S. Cain, Alfredo A Jalowayski, Kevin Magruder, Brian K Hillen, Craig B Warren, Michael T Kleinman, Roland Schmidt, Dwight B CulverAbstract:Occupational exposure limits (OELs) for irritant dusts have had no quantifiable bases. This study (1) charted chemosensory feel, denoted chemesthesis here, to dusts of calcium oxide (1 to 5 mg/m3), sodium tetraborate pentahydrate [sodium borate] (5 to 40 mg/m3), and calcium sulfate (10 to 40 mg/m3); (2) examined correlates of the chemesthetic sensations; and (3) sought to illuminate the basis for potency. Twelve screened men exercised against a light load while they breathed air in a dome fed with controlled levels of dust for 20 min. Measured parameters included nasal resistance, nasal secretion, minute ventilation, heart rate, blood oxygenation, mucociliary transport time, and chemesthetic magnitude, calibrated to pungency of carbon dioxide. Subjects registered time-dependent feel from exposures principally in the nose, secondarily in the throat, and hardly in the eyes. Calcium oxide had the greatest potency, followed by sodium borate, with calcium sulfate a distant third. Of the physiological parameter...
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sensory and associated reactions to mineral dusts sodium borate calcium oxide and calcium sulfate
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2004Co-Authors: William S. Cain, Alfredo A Jalowayski, Kevin Magruder, Brian K Hillen, Craig B Warren, Michael T Kleinman, Roland Schmidt, Dwight B CulverAbstract:Occupational exposure limits (OELs) for irritant dusts have had no quantifiable bases. This study (1) charted chemosensory feel, denoted chemesthesis here, to dusts of calcium oxide (1 to 5 mg/m3), sodium tetraborate pentahydrate [sodium borate] (5 to 40 mg/m3), and calcium sulfate (10 to 40 mg/m3); (2) examined correlates of the chemesthetic sensations; and (3) sought to illuminate the basis for potency. Twelve screened men exercised against a light load while they breathed air in a dome fed with controlled levels of dust for 20 min. Measured parameters included nasal resistance, nasal secretion, minute ventilation, heart rate, blood oxygenation, mucociliary transport time, and chemesthetic magnitude, calibrated to pungency of carbon dioxide. Subjects registered time-dependent feel from exposures principally in the nose, secondarily in the throat, and hardly in the eyes. Calcium oxide had the greatest potency, followed by sodium borate, with calcium sulfate a distant third. Of the physiological parameter...
