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Edward Giovannucci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prediagnostic Calcium Intake and lung cancer survival a pooled analysis of 12 cohort studies
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2017Co-Authors: Edward Giovannucci, Stephanie A Smithwarner, Yumie Takata, William Blot, Norie Sawada, Emily White, Neal D Freedman, Kim Robien, Xuehong ZhangAbstract:Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Little is known about whether prediagnostic nutritional factors may affect survival. We examined the associations of prediagnostic Calcium Intake from foods and/or supplements with lung cancer survival.Methods: The present analysis included 23,882 incident, primary lung cancer patients from 12 prospective cohort studies. Dietary Calcium Intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires at baseline in each cohort and standardized to caloric Intake of 2,000 kcal/d for women and 2,500 kcal/d for men. Stratified, multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was applied to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: The 5-year survival rates were 56%, 21%, and 5.7% for localized, regional, and distant stage lung cancer, respectively. Low prediagnostic dietary Calcium Intake (<500-600 mg/d, less than half of the recommendation) was associated with a small increase in risk of death compared with recommended Calcium Intakes (800-1,200 mg/d); HR (95% CI) was 1.07 (1.01-1.13) after adjusting for age, stage, histology, grade, smoking status, pack-years, and other potential prognostic factors. The association between low Calcium Intake and higher lung cancer mortality was evident primarily among localized/regional stage patients, with HR (95% CI) of 1.15 (1.04-1.27). No association was found for supplemental Calcium with survival in the multivariable-adjusted model.Conclusions: This large pooled analysis is the first, to our knowledge, to indicate that low prediagnostic dietary Calcium Intake may be associated with poorer survival among early-stage lung cancer patients.Impact: This multinational prospective study linked low Calcium Intake to lung cancer prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 1060-70. ©2017 AACR.
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Calcium Intake and colorectal cancer risk results from the nurses health study and health professionals follow up study
International Journal of Cancer, 2016Co-Authors: Xuehong Zhang, Nana Keum, Stephanie A Smithwarner, Andrew T Chan, Shuji Ogino, Charles S Fuchs, Edward GiovannucciAbstract:The relationship between Calcium Intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconclusive. We conducted this study to evaluate whether the association between Calcium Intake and CRC risk differs by anatomic subsite and determine the dose-response relationship for this association, as well as assess when in carcinogenesis Calcium may play a role. We assessed Calcium Intake every 4 years and followed 88,509 women (1980-2012) in the Nurses' Health Study and 47,740 men (1986-2012) in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. We documented 3,078 incident CRC cases. Total Calcium Intake (≥1,400 vs. <600 mg/d) was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of colon cancer (multivariable relative risk: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.65-0.95). Similar results were observed by different sources of Calcium (from all foods or dairy products only). The inverse association was linear and suggestively stronger for distal colon cancer (0.65, 0.43-0.99) than for proximal colon cancer (0.94, 0.72-1.22, p-common effects = 0.14). Additionally, when comparing different latencies, the overall pattern suggested that the inverse association appeared to be stronger with increasing latency and was strongest for Intakes 12-16 years before diagnosis. Comparing total Calcium Intakes of ≥1,400 vs. <600 mg/d for Intake 12-16 y before diagnosis, the pooled RR (95% CIs) of CRC was 0.76 (0.64-0.91). Higher Calcium Intake was associated with a lower risk of developing colon cancer, especially for distal colon cancer. Overall inverse association was linear and did not differ by Intake source. Additionally, Calcium Intake approximately 10 years before diagnosis appeared to be associated with a lower risk of CRC.
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Calcium Intake and colorectal cancer risk dose response meta analysis of prospective observational studies
International Journal of Cancer, 2014Co-Authors: Nana Keum, Edward Giovannucci, Dagfinn Aune, Darren C GreenwoodAbstract:Mechanistic and epidemiologic studies provide considerable evidence for a protective association between Calcium Intake and incident colorectal cancer (CRC). While the relationship has not been substantiated by short-duration randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CRC, trials do show a benefit on adenomas, a precursor to CRC. To address some of this inconsistency, we conducted dose-response meta-analyses by sources of Calcium Intake, based on prospective observational studies published up to December 2013 identified from PubMed, Embase, and BIOSIS. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. For total Calcium Intake, each 300 mg/day increase was associated with an approximately 8% reduced risk of CRC (summary RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89-0.95, I(2) = 47%, 15 studies with 12,305 cases, Intake = 250-1,900 mg/day, follow-up = 3.3-16 years). While the risk decreased less steeply in higher range of total Calcium Intake (P(non-linearity) = 0.04), the degree of curvature was mild and statistical significance of non-linearity was sensitive to one study. For supplementary Calcium, each 300 mg/day increase was associated with an approximately 9% reduced risk of CRC (summary RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.98, I(2) = 67%, six studies with 8,839 cases, Intake = 0-1,150 mg/day, follow-up = 5-10 years). The test for non-linearity was not statistically significant (P(non-linearity) = 0.11). In conclusion, both dietary and supplementary Calcium Intake may continue to decrease CRC risk beyond 1,000 mg/day. Calcium supplements and non-dairy products fortified with Calcium may serve as additional targets in the prevention of CRC. RCTs of Calcium supplements with at least 10 years of follow-up are warranted to confirm a benefit of Calcium supplements on CRC risk.
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total Calcium Intake and colorectal adenoma in young women
Cancer Causes & Control, 2014Co-Authors: Jennifer Massa, Edward Giovannucci, Walter C Willett, Eunyoung Cho, Endel J OravAbstract:Total Calcium Intake appears to reduce occurrence of colorectal adenoma; however, the dose necessary for prevention in young women is unclear. We examined fine categories of Calcium Intake in relation to occurrence of first colorectal adenoma in a cohort of mostly premenopausal (88 %) women aged 26–60 at time of endoscopy. We conducted an analysis among 41,403 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II and assessed Intakes of Calcium prior to endoscopy through participants’ responses to biannual questionnaires. Between 1991 and 2007, we documented 2,273 colorectal adenoma cases. There was a significant trend across categories of Calcium Intakes with lowest Intakes suggestive of higher occurrence of adenoma (p = 0.03) and those in the distal colon (p = 0.03) and rectum (p = 0.04). Compared with 1,001–1,250 mg/day of Calcium Intake, ≤500 mg/day was suggestive of a modest increase in occurrence of adenoma (multivariable RR = 1.21, 95 % CI 0.90–1.61); there were also suggestions of an increased risk with >500 to ≤700 mg/day of Calcium. The association between ≤500 mg/day of Calcium Intake and adenoma was stronger for multiple (RR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.38, 3.72), large (≥1 cm) (RR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.27, 3.21), and high-risk adenoma (≥1 cm or mention of villous histology/high-grade dysplasia) (RR = 1.76, 95 % CI 1.13, 2.72). No differences in associations were noted between jointly categorized Calcium and phosphorus or magnesium Intakes. Our findings suggest that low Intakes of Calcium, <500 and possibly 500–700 mg/day, in younger women are associated with an increased risk of multiple and advanced colorectal adenoma.
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plasma c peptide is inversely associated with Calcium Intake in women and with plasma 25 hydroxy vitamin d in men
Journal of Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Edward Giovannucci, Walter C WillettAbstract:The consumption of Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products may be associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, whether this reduction is due to Calcium, vitamin D, or other components of dairy products is not clear. We examined Intakes of total Calcium and vitamin D, and plasma concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in relation to fasting plasma concentrations of C-peptide in 2 cross-sectional studies among healthy men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and among healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study I. Intake of total Calcium was modestly inversely associated with C-peptide concentration in women (P-trend = 0.05); however, the inverse association was not significant in men (P = 0.7). Concentrations of C-peptide were 20% lower among men who had plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile (P-trend = 0.08); there was no association in women (P = 0.3). The inverse association between Calcium Intake and the plasma C-peptide concentration was stronger in hypertensive individuals of both sexes. The difference in the C-peptide concentrations between extreme quartiles of Calcium Intake was 17% in men and 20% in women. Plasma concentrations of C-peptide for the combination of the highest tertiles of Calcium Intake and plasma 25(OH)D compared with the opposite extreme were 35% lower (P = 0.03) in men and 12% lower (P = 0.01) in women. The results suggest that Calcium Intake or systemic vitamin D status, after adjustment for Intake of dairy products, is associated with decreased insulin secretion.
Nana Keum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Calcium Intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor infiltrating t cells
Author, 2019Co-Authors: Wanshui Yang, Li Liu, Zhi Rong Qian, Nana Keum, Jonathan A Nowak, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Mingyang SongAbstract:Calcium Intake has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Calcium signaling may enhance T-cell proliferation and differentiation, and contribute to T-cell–mediated antitumor immunity. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between Calcium Intake and colorectal cancer risk according to tumor immunity status to provide additional insights into the role of Calcium in colorectal carcinogenesis. The densities of tumor-infiltrating T-cell subsets [CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO (PTPRC)+, or FOXP3+ cell] were assessed using IHC and computer-assisted image analysis in 736 cancer cases that developed among 136,249 individuals in two cohorts. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Total Calcium Intake was associated with a multivariable HR of 0.55 (comparing ≥1,200 vs.
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Calcium Intake and colon cancer risk subtypes by tumor molecular characteristics
Cancer Causes & Control, 2019Co-Authors: Li Liu, Zhi Rong Qian, Nana Keum, Jonathan A Nowak, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Yin Cao, Annacarolina Da Silva, Keisuke KosumiAbstract:A preventive potential of high Calcium Intake against colorectal cancer has been indicated for distal colon cancer, which is inversely associated with high-level CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), high-level microsatellite instability (MSI), and BRAF and PIK3CA mutations. In addition, BRAF mutation is strongly inversely correlated with KRAS mutation. We hypothesized that the association between Calcium Intake and colon cancer risk might vary by these molecular features. We prospectively followed 88,506 women from the Nurses’ Health Study and 47,733 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for up to 30 years. Duplication-method Cox proportional cause-specific hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the associations between Calcium Intake and the risk of colon cancer subtypes. By Bonferroni correction, the α-level was adjusted to 0.01. Based on 853 colon cancer cases, the inverse association between dietary Calcium Intake and colon cancer risk differed by CIMP status (pheterogeneity = 0.01). Per each 300 mg/day increase in Intake, multivariable HRs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.76–0.94) for CIMP-negative/low and 1.12 (95% CI 0.93–1.34) for CIMP-high. Similar differential associations were suggested for MSI subtypes (pheterogeneity = 0.02), with the corresponding HR being 0.86 (95% CI 0.77–0.95) for non-MSI-high and 1.10 (95% CI 0.92–1.32) for MSI-high. No differential associations were observed by BRAF, KRAS, or PIK3CA mutations. The inverse association between dietary Calcium Intake and colon cancer risk may be specific to CIMP-negative/low and possibly non-MSI-high subtypes.
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Calcium Intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to expression status of Calcium sensing receptor casr
Gut, 2018Co-Authors: Wanshui Yang, Li Liu, Yohei Masugi, Zhi Rong Qian, Reiko Nishihara, Nana Keum, Stephanie A Smithwarner, Jonathan A Nowak, Fatemeh Momenheravi, Libin ZhangAbstract:Objective Although evidence suggests an inverse association between Calcium Intake and the risk of colorectal cancer, the mechanisms remain unclear. The Calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is expressed abundantly in normal colonic epithelium and may influence carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that Calcium Intake might be associated with lower risk of CASR-positive, but not CASR-negative, colorectal cancer. Design We assessed tumour CASR protein expression using immunohistochemistry in 779 incident colon and rectal cancer cases that developed among 136 249 individuals in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Duplication method Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess associations of Calcium Intake with incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma subtypes by CASR status. Results Total Calcium Intake was inversely associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (ptrend=0.01, comparing ≥1200 vs Conclusions Our molecular pathological epidemiology data suggest a causal relationship between higher Calcium Intake and lower colorectal cancer risk, and a potential role of CASR in mediating antineoplastic effect of Calcium.
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abstract 693 Calcium Intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor infiltrating t cells results from two large u s prospective cohorts
Cancer Research, 2018Co-Authors: Wanshui Yang, Li Liu, Zhi Rong Qian, Nana Keum, Jonathan A Nowak, Mingyang Song, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Yin Cao, Katsuhiko Nosho, Stephanie A SmithwarnerAbstract:Background: The relationship between Calcium Intake and colorectal cancer risk remains inconclusive. Calcium may enhance T-cell proliferation and differentiation, and contribute to T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Investigating the Calcium and colorectal cancer association according to tumor immunity status may provide additional insights into the role of Calcium in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods: We thus investigated whether the association between Calcium Intake and colorectal cancer risk differs by tumor subtypes according to the density of tumor-infiltrating CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells. A total of 88,509 U.S. female registered nurses from the Nurses9 Health Study and 47,740 U.S. male professionals from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study were included in the analysis. Total Calcium Intake from food and supplemental sources was collected at baseline and every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires. The densities of tumor-infiltrating T-cell subsets (CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, or FOXP3+ cell) was assessed using immunohistochemical and computer-assisted image analysis. Results: We identified 736 incident colorectal adenocarcinoma cases during follow-up with available data on T-cell infiltration in tumor tissue. Compared to Calcium Intake of trend =0.01) and 0.89 (0.58 to 1.35; p trend =0.20) for CD3 + ; 0.58 (0.39 to 0.87; p trend =0.006) and 1.04 (0.69 to1.58; p trend =0.54) for CD45RO + ; and 0.56 (0.36 to 0.85; p trend =0.006) and 1.10 (0.72 to 1.67; p trend =0.47) for FOXP3 + . We note that the difference by these subtypes was not statistically significant (all p values for heterogeneity>0.01, with the adjusted α of 0.01 by Bonferroni correction). Additionally, these differential associations appeared to persist regardless of sex, source of Calcium Intake, tumor location, and tumor microsatellite instability status (MSI). Conclusions: Higher Calcium Intake appears to be primarily associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer containing low densities of T cells, but not with cancers containing high densities of T cells. This finding supports a possible role of Calcium in cancer immunoprevention via modulation of T-cell function. Citation Format: Wanshui Yang, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Zhi Rong Qian, Jonathan A. Nowak, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Mingyang Song, Yin Cao, Katsuhiko Nosho, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Shui Zhang, Yohei Masugi, Kimmie Ng, Keisuke Kosumi, Yanan Ma, Wendy S. Garrett, Molin Wang, Hongmei Nan, Marios Giannakis, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Xuehong Zhang. Calcium Intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor-infiltrating T cells: Results from two large U.S. prospective cohorts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 693.
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Calcium Intake and colorectal cancer risk results from the nurses health study and health professionals follow up study
International Journal of Cancer, 2016Co-Authors: Xuehong Zhang, Nana Keum, Stephanie A Smithwarner, Andrew T Chan, Shuji Ogino, Charles S Fuchs, Edward GiovannucciAbstract:The relationship between Calcium Intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconclusive. We conducted this study to evaluate whether the association between Calcium Intake and CRC risk differs by anatomic subsite and determine the dose-response relationship for this association, as well as assess when in carcinogenesis Calcium may play a role. We assessed Calcium Intake every 4 years and followed 88,509 women (1980-2012) in the Nurses' Health Study and 47,740 men (1986-2012) in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. We documented 3,078 incident CRC cases. Total Calcium Intake (≥1,400 vs. <600 mg/d) was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of colon cancer (multivariable relative risk: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.65-0.95). Similar results were observed by different sources of Calcium (from all foods or dairy products only). The inverse association was linear and suggestively stronger for distal colon cancer (0.65, 0.43-0.99) than for proximal colon cancer (0.94, 0.72-1.22, p-common effects = 0.14). Additionally, when comparing different latencies, the overall pattern suggested that the inverse association appeared to be stronger with increasing latency and was strongest for Intakes 12-16 years before diagnosis. Comparing total Calcium Intakes of ≥1,400 vs. <600 mg/d for Intake 12-16 y before diagnosis, the pooled RR (95% CIs) of CRC was 0.76 (0.64-0.91). Higher Calcium Intake was associated with a lower risk of developing colon cancer, especially for distal colon cancer. Overall inverse association was linear and did not differ by Intake source. Additionally, Calcium Intake approximately 10 years before diagnosis appeared to be associated with a lower risk of CRC.
Markus Juonala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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youth and long term dietary Calcium Intake with risk of impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes in adulthood
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2019Co-Authors: Markus Juonala, Katja Pahkala, Mariejeanne Buscot, Matthew A Sabin, Niina Pitkanen, Tapani Ronnemaa, Antti JulaAbstract:CONTEXT To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the role of youth Calcium Intake in the development of impaired glucose metabolism, especially those with long-term high Calcium Intake. OBJECTIVES To examine whether youth and long-term (between youth and adulthood) dietary Calcium Intake is associated with adult impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a 31-year prospective cohort study (n = 1134; age, 3 to 18 years at baseline). EXPOSURES Dietary Calcium Intake was assessed at baseline (1980) and adult follow-up visits (2001, 2007, and 2011). Long-term (mean between youth and adulthood) dietary Calcium Intake was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adult impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2D. RESULTS We found no evidence for nonlinear associations between Calcium Intake and IFG or T2D among females and males (all P for nonlinearity > 0.05). Higher youth and long-term dietary Calcium Intake was not associated with the risk of IFG or T2D among females or males after adjustment for confounders, including youth and adult body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Youth or long-term dietary Calcium Intake is not associated with adult risk of developing impaired glucose metabolism or T2D.
Walter C Willett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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total Calcium Intake and colorectal adenoma in young women
Cancer Causes & Control, 2014Co-Authors: Jennifer Massa, Edward Giovannucci, Walter C Willett, Eunyoung Cho, Endel J OravAbstract:Total Calcium Intake appears to reduce occurrence of colorectal adenoma; however, the dose necessary for prevention in young women is unclear. We examined fine categories of Calcium Intake in relation to occurrence of first colorectal adenoma in a cohort of mostly premenopausal (88 %) women aged 26–60 at time of endoscopy. We conducted an analysis among 41,403 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II and assessed Intakes of Calcium prior to endoscopy through participants’ responses to biannual questionnaires. Between 1991 and 2007, we documented 2,273 colorectal adenoma cases. There was a significant trend across categories of Calcium Intakes with lowest Intakes suggestive of higher occurrence of adenoma (p = 0.03) and those in the distal colon (p = 0.03) and rectum (p = 0.04). Compared with 1,001–1,250 mg/day of Calcium Intake, ≤500 mg/day was suggestive of a modest increase in occurrence of adenoma (multivariable RR = 1.21, 95 % CI 0.90–1.61); there were also suggestions of an increased risk with >500 to ≤700 mg/day of Calcium. The association between ≤500 mg/day of Calcium Intake and adenoma was stronger for multiple (RR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.38, 3.72), large (≥1 cm) (RR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.27, 3.21), and high-risk adenoma (≥1 cm or mention of villous histology/high-grade dysplasia) (RR = 1.76, 95 % CI 1.13, 2.72). No differences in associations were noted between jointly categorized Calcium and phosphorus or magnesium Intakes. Our findings suggest that low Intakes of Calcium, <500 and possibly 500–700 mg/day, in younger women are associated with an increased risk of multiple and advanced colorectal adenoma.
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plasma c peptide is inversely associated with Calcium Intake in women and with plasma 25 hydroxy vitamin d in men
Journal of Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Edward Giovannucci, Walter C WillettAbstract:The consumption of Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products may be associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, whether this reduction is due to Calcium, vitamin D, or other components of dairy products is not clear. We examined Intakes of total Calcium and vitamin D, and plasma concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in relation to fasting plasma concentrations of C-peptide in 2 cross-sectional studies among healthy men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and among healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study I. Intake of total Calcium was modestly inversely associated with C-peptide concentration in women (P-trend = 0.05); however, the inverse association was not significant in men (P = 0.7). Concentrations of C-peptide were 20% lower among men who had plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile (P-trend = 0.08); there was no association in women (P = 0.3). The inverse association between Calcium Intake and the plasma C-peptide concentration was stronger in hypertensive individuals of both sexes. The difference in the C-peptide concentrations between extreme quartiles of Calcium Intake was 17% in men and 20% in women. Plasma concentrations of C-peptide for the combination of the highest tertiles of Calcium Intake and plasma 25(OH)D compared with the opposite extreme were 35% lower (P = 0.03) in men and 12% lower (P = 0.01) in women. The results suggest that Calcium Intake or systemic vitamin D status, after adjustment for Intake of dairy products, is associated with decreased insulin secretion.
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vitamin d and Calcium Intake in relation to type 2 diabetes in women
Diabetes Care, 2006Co-Authors: Anastassios G Pittas, Walter C Willett, Bess Dawsonhughes, Rob M Van Dam, Joann E MansonAbstract:OBJECTIVE —The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association between vitamin D and Calcium Intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —In the Nurses’ Health Study, we followed 83,779 women who had no history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline for the development of type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D and Calcium Intake from diet and supplements was assessed every 2–4 years. During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 4,843 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS —After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, there was no association between total vitamin D Intake and type 2 diabetes. However, the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes was 0.87 (95% CI 0.75–1.00; P for trend = 0.04) comparing the highest with the lowest category of vitamin D Intake from supplements. The multivariate RRs of type 2 diabetes were 0.79 (0.70–0.90; P for trend 1,200 mg Calcium and >800 IU vitamin D was associated with a 33% lower risk of type 2 diabetes with RR of 0.67 (0.49–0.90) compared with an Intake of <600 mg and 400 IU Calcium and vitamin D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS — The results of this large prospective study suggest a potential beneficial role for both vitamin D and Calcium Intake in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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a prospective study of Calcium Intake and incident and fatal prostate cancer
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2006Co-Authors: Edward Giovannucci, Meir J Stampfer, Yan Liu, Walter C WillettAbstract:Prostate cancer is the most common incident cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in U.S. males. Higher milk Intake has been relatively consistently associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, especially advanced prostate cancer. Some data suggest that high Intake of Calcium might account for this association, but this relationship remains controversial. We hypothesized that high Calcium Intake, possibly by lowering 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels, is associated with poorer differentiation in prostate cancer and thereby with fatal prostate cancer. We examined Calcium Intake in relation to prostate cancer risk using data from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a prospective cohort study of 47,750 male health professionals with no history of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer at baseline. We assessed total, dietary, and supplementary Calcium Intake in 1986, 1990, 1994, and 1998, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the multivariable relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using Cox proportional hazards regression. Over 16 years of follow-up, we identified 3,544 total cases of prostate cancer, 523 advanced (extraprostatic) cases, and 312 fatal cases. Higher Calcium Intake was not appreciably associated with total or nonadvanced prostate cancer but was associated with a higher risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer [for fatal prostate cancer, compared with men whose long-term Calcium Intake was 500-749 mg/d (excluding supplement use of or = 2,000 mg/d had a RR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.32-4.48; P(trend) = 0.003]. Dietary Calcium and supplementary Calcium were independently associated with an increased risk. For high-grade prostate cancer (Gleason > or = 7), an association was observed for high versus low Calcium Intake (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.32-2.71; P(trend) = 0.005), but a nonsignificant, inverse association was observed for organ-confined, low-grade prostate cancer (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.50-1.25; P(trend) = 0.09). In a sample of this cohort, higher Calcium Intake was associated with lower circulating 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels. Our findings suggest that Calcium Intakes exceeding 1,500 mg/d may be associated with a decrease in differentiation in prostate cancer and ultimately with a higher risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer but not with well-differentiated, organ-confined cancers.
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a prospective study of Calcium Intake from diet and supplements and risk of ischemic heart disease among men
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Wael K Aldelaimy, Walter C Willett, Eric B Rimm, Meir J StampferAbstract:Background: Calcium Intake is thought to have a protective effect on the risk of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD), but the existing data are inconsistent. Objective: The objective was to assess the relation between Calcium Intake and risk of IHD among men. Design: Men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study who returned a dietary questionnaire in 1986 (n = 39 800) were followed up for 12 y. Intakes of Calcium and other nutrients were assessed in 1986, 1990, and 1994. The endpoints of total IHD (nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal IHD) incidence were ascertained by medical record review. Other IHD risk factors were recorded biennially. Results: During 12 y of follow-up (415965 person-years), we documented 1458 cases of IHD: 1030 of nonfatal myocardial infarction and 428 of fatal IHD. After control for standard IHD risk factors, the relative risk of developing IHD among men in the highest (median Intake = 1377 mg/d) compared with the lowest (median Intake = 523 mg/d) Calcium Intake quintile was 0.97 (95% Cl: 0.81, 1.16: P for trend =0.64), for vitamin D Intake was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.24; P for trend = 0.66), and for total dairy product Intake was 1.01 (95%CI: 0.83, 1.23; P for trend = 0.57). For supplemental Calcium Intake, the relative risk of developing IHD in a comparison of the highest quintile with nonusers of supplements was 0.87 (95%CI: 0.64, 1.19; P for trend = 0.31). Conclusion: The results suggest that neither dietary nor supplemental Intakes of Calcium are appreciably associated with the risk of IHD among men.
Mamas A Mamas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Calcium Intake Calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the british population epic norfolk prospective cohort study and meta analysis
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2021Co-Authors: Tiberiu A Pana, Mohsen Dehghani, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Samuel R Neal, Adrian D Wood, Chun Shing Kwok, Yoon K Loke, Robert Luben, Mamas A MamasAbstract:The role of dietary Calcium in cardiovascular disease prevention is unclear. We aimed to determine the association between Calcium Intake and incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. Data were extracted from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer, Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Multivariable Cox regressions analysed associations between Calcium Intake (dietary and supplemental) and cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, aortic stenosis, peripheral vascular disease) and mortality (cardiovascular and all-cause). The results of this study were pooled with those from published prospective cohort studies in a meta-analsyis, stratifying by average Calcium Intake using a 700 mg/day threshold. A total of 17,968 participants aged 40–79 years were followed up for a median of 20.36 years (20.32–20.38). Compared to the first quintile of Calcium Intake (< 770 mg/day), Intakes between 771 and 926 mg/day (second quintile) and 1074–1254 mg/day (fourth quintile) were associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.91 (0.83–0.99) and 0.85 (0.77–0.93), respectively) and cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.95 (0.87–1.04) and 0.93 (0.83-1.04)]. Compared to the first quintile of Calcium Intake, second, third, fourth, but not fifth quintiles were associated with fewer incident strokes: respective HR 0.84 (0.72–0.97), 0.83 (0.71–0.97), 0.78 (0.66–0.92) and 0.95 (0.78–1.15). The meta-analysis results suggest that high levels of Calcium Intake were associated with decreased all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality, regardless of average Calcium Intake. Calcium supplementation was associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality amongst women, but not men. Moderate dietary Calcium Intake may protect against cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and incident stroke. Calcium supplementation may reduce mortality in women.
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Calcium Intake, Calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2020Co-Authors: Tiberiu A Pana, Mohsen Dehghani, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Samuel R Neal, Adrian D Wood, Chun Shing Kwok, Yoon K Loke, Robert Luben, Mamas A Mamas, Kay-tee KhawAbstract:The role of dietary Calcium in cardiovascular disease prevention is unclear. We aimed to determine the association between Calcium Intake and incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. Data were extracted from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer, Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Multivariable Cox regressions analysed associations between Calcium Intake (dietary and supplemental) and cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, aortic stenosis, peripheral vascular disease) and mortality (cardiovascular and all-cause). The results of this study were pooled with those from published prospective cohort studies in a meta-analsyis, stratifying by average Calcium Intake using a 700 mg/day threshold. A total of 17,968 participants aged 40–79 years were followed up for a median of 20.36 years (20.32–20.38). Compared to the first quintile of Calcium Intake (
