Calcium Stearate

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Patricia Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of molecular weight Calcium Stearate and sterilization methods on the wear of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups in a hip joint simulator
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 1999
    Co-Authors: Harry A Mckellop, Fuwen Shen, Patricia Campbell
    Abstract:

    : Orthopaedic surgeons must currently choose from several types of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups that differ in their material properties and in the methods used for their sterilization. Information on the wear resistance of these different cups may help in the selection process. This study included two separate tests for wear run on a hip simulator to investigate the effect of molecular weight, Calcium Stearate, and sterilization methods on the wear resistance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups. Test 1 revealed nearly identical wear rates for acetabular cups with molecular weights in two distinct ranges, as well as for cups with molecular weights in the same range but with or without Calcium Stearate added. In Test 2, cups that were sterilized in air with gamma irradiation exhibited lower rates of wear than those sterilized with ethylene oxide, presumably due to the crosslinking induced by the irradiation. In addition, cups that were irradiated while packed in a partial vacuum to minimize oxygen absorbed in the surface layer initially showed lower rates of wear than those irradiated in air, with the wear rates becoming similar as wear penetrated the more oxidized surface layer and the more crosslinked subsurface region. Because these tests were run a few months after the irradiation, the potential effects of long-term oxidation of any residual free radicals in the irradiated materials could not be taken into account. After artificial aging to accelerate oxidative degradation of the materials, the wear rates could be markedly different. Analyses performed after wear indicated that the irradiated (i.e., crosslinked) cups exhibited a smaller proportion of, as well as shorter, fibrils in the wear debris and an increased crystallinity and melting temperature and that gamma irradiation in the low-oxygen environment reduced the level of oxidation and increased the level of crosslinking in the surface region of the cups.

Hidayat, Agung Pratama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kuat Lentur Balok SCC Mutu 20 MPA dengan Bahan Pengikat PCC dan Fly Ash serta Bahan Tambah Calcium Stearate
    2021
    Co-Authors: Hidayat, Agung Pratama
    Abstract:

    Struktur beton perlu dimodifikasi agar menghasilkan kualitas beton yang tinggi dengan didukung oleh material lain ataupun diberi bahan tambah. Bahan tambah memiliki jenis yang beragam, seperti fly ash (abu terbang) yang digunakan sebagai subtitusi semen dan beberapa bahan kimia tambahan seperti superplasticizer dan Calcium Stearate. Penggunaan Calcium Stearate pada beton menurunkan kuat tekan beton, tetapi mampu menurunkan absorpsi sebesar 46 %, serangan korosi dan infiltrasi ion klorida dibanding beton normal. Studi mengenai betonpun tidak berhenti dilakukan. Pengembangan studi beton salah satu yang paling dikenal ialah beton SCC (Self Compacting Concrete) yang dikembangkan oleh Jepang di awal tahun 1980 dimana beton bisa memiliki sifat alir (flowability) yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan variasi kadar Calcium Stearate sebesar 0, 1, 5 dan 10 kg/m3 terhadap nilai kuat lentur dan pola keretakan yang terjadi pada balok beton SCC bertulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan besarnya tegangan lentur rata-rata dengan komposisi penambahan Calcium Stearate sebesar 0, 1, 5 dan 10 kg/m3 berturut turut yaitu 34.713 MPa, 32.399 MPa, 32.209 MPa, dan 30.591 MPa. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar penambahan Calcium Stearate dalam campuran beton maka nilai kuat lentur balok beton bertulang semakin menurun. Disamping itu secara umum pola keretakan yang terjadi berjenis retak geser (web shear crack), keretakan ini terjadi hampir di seluruh benda uji. Namun pada penambahan kadar Calcium Stearate sebesar 5 kg/m3 pola keretakan yang terjadi berjenis retak geser dan lentur (flexural shear crack)

Wicaksono Renaldi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kuat Lentur Balok SCC Mutu 20 MPa Dengan Bahan Pengikat PCC dan Bahan Tambah Calcium Stearate
    2021
    Co-Authors: Wicaksono Renaldi
    Abstract:

    Beton yang baik adalah beton yang kuat dan tahan lama atau sesuai umur rencana. Beton dikenal sebagai material dengan kuat tekan yang tinggi, namun kuat tariknya rendah. Penambahan tulangan pada beton akan menahan gaya tarik yang terjadi pada beton. Adanya kontak beton bertulang dengan air akan mengakibatkan terjadinya korosi pada tulangan beton. Korosi pada tulangan mengakibatkan beton tidak dapat berfungsi dengan maksimal. Bahan tambah campuran beton, seperti Calcium Stearate memiliki kemampuan merubah sifat beton menjadi hidrofobik, sehingga diharapkan mampu mengurangi pori kapiler dan menurunkan absorpsi pada beton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi penambahan Calcium Stearate terhadap kuat lentur beton dan pola keruntuhan yang terjadi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental, dimana benda uji yang digunakan adalah beton balok (150x100x1000 mm) yang diberi tulangan ulir berdiameter 10 dan 13 mm, tulangan polos 8 mm. mutu beton yang ditinjau adalah 20 MPa dengan bahan pengikat PCC, kadar Calcium Stearate yang digunakan adalah 0, 1, 5, dan 10 kg/m3 dari 1 m3 volume beton. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai kuat lentur untuk masing-masing kadar Calcium Stearate 0, 1, 5, dan 10 kg/m3 rata-rata sebesar 29,782, 27,059, 26,150 dan 26,842 MPa. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi penurunan seiring penambahan Calcium Stearate. Selain itu, pola keruntuhan yang terjadi selurunya mengalami retak geser lentur

Hidayat, Muhammad Rafi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kapasitas Kuat Lekat Besi Tulangan Pada Beton Mutu SCC 30 MPa dengan Pengikat PCC dan Fly Ash dan Bahan Tambah Calcium Stearate
    2021
    Co-Authors: Hidayat, Muhammad Rafi
    Abstract:

    Dalam kurun waktu belakangan ini dunia konstruksi khususnya teknologi beton sedang mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. Karena permintaan dan kemajuan teknologi beton pada saat ini maka dikembangkanlah beton bertulang dengan modifikasi bahan tambah yang memiliki kinerja lebih baik serta ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan beton konvensional. Calcium Stearate sebagai bahan tambah untuk beton merupakan golongan senyawa organik yang penggunaannya bertujuan untuk mencegah masuknya air dan bahan kimia ke dalam beton serta membuat beton menjadi hydrophobic. Kemudian penggunaan superplasticizer akan membuat beton menjadi self compacting concrete yang dapat melakukan pemadatan sendiri dengan menggunakan gravitasi hingga ke ruang terkecil dalam bekisting sehingga menghasilkan beton yang memiliki kekuatan dan keawetan yang lebih baik dari beton konvensional. Sehubungan dengan penggunaan material yang ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan, penelitian ini menggunakan portland compocite cement dan fly ash yang merupakan limbah hasil pembakaran batu bara sebagai bahan pengikat dalam pencampuran beton. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui nilai kapasitas kuat lekat besi tulangan dan pola keruntuhan pada beton mutu SCC 30 MPa dengan pengikat PCC, fly ash dan bahan tambah Calcium Stearate sebesar 0, 1, 5 dan 10 kg/m3. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental pada mix design beton berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Calcium Stearate sebesar 0, 1, 5 dan 10 kg/m3 terhadap beton mutu SCC 30 MPa dengan pengikat PCC dan fly ash menyebabkan penurunan nilai kapasitas kuat lekat beton secara berturut - turut yaitu sebesar 6.49 MPa, 5.91 MPa, 5.75 Mpa, 5.50 MPa serta pola keruntuhan tarik yang terjadi adalah pola splitting failure. Kata kunci: Kapasitas kuat lekat, beton bertulang, beton memadat sendiri, pola keruntuhan tarik, portland composite cement, fly ash dan Calcium stearat

Xu Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • synthesis and study of zinc orotate and its synergistic effect with commercial stabilizers for stabilizing poly vinyl chloride
    Polymers, 2019
    Co-Authors: Feng Ye, Qiufeng Ye, Haihua Zhan, Yeqian Ge, Yingying Xu, Xu Wang
    Abstract:

    Zinc orotate (ZnOr2), which is a new kind of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) stabilizer, is prepared in this work through the precipitation method, and its impact on the thermal stability of PVC is measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Congo red test, and discoloration test. The results exhibit that the thermal stability of PVC is positively enhanced after the addition of ZnOr2. In contrast with a commercial thermal stabilizer, zinc Stearate (ZnSt2), a noteworthy improvement was observed that ZnOr2 could postpone the “zinc burning” of PVC. This is principally ascribed to the Or anion in the structure of ZnOr2 being able to absorb the HCl released by PVC, and to supersede unstable chlorine atoms in the structure of PVC. In addition, blending ZnOr2 with Calcium Stearate (CaSt2) in diverse mass ratios can significantly accelerate the thermal stability of PVC. Optimum performance was achieved with a CaSt2:ZnOr2 ratio of 1.8:1.2. Moreover, an outstanding synergistic effect can be observed when CaSt2/ZnOr2 is coupled with other commercial auxiliary stabilizers. The initial color and long-term stability of PVC including CaSt2/ZnOr2 is significantly increased when pentaerythritol (PER) is added, while dibenzoylmethane (DBM) can only improve its long-term thermal stability.

  • effect of allantoin on the stabilization efficiency of ca zn thermal stabilizers for poly vinyl chloride
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Si Chen, Yanqin Shi, Xu Wang
    Abstract:

    The influence of allantoin (ALL) combined with zinc Stearate (ZnSt2), Calcium Stearate (CaSt2), and ZnSt2–CaSt2 (1:1), respectively, in different mass ratios on thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was investigated by Congo red test, discoloration test, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that ALL behaved as a good long-term thermal stabilizer for PVC, which was attributed to its ability to absorb hydrogen chloride released from the degradation of PVC. Moreover, ALL was able to extend the stabilization time of PVC containing ZnSt2–CaSt2 and postpone “zinc burning.” Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed that ALL can react with ZnCl2 to produce an inert complex, which is responsible for postponing “zinc burning.”

  • investigation of basic zinc cyanurate as a novel thermal stabilizer for poly vinyl chloride and its synergistic effect with Calcium Stearate
    Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2014
    Co-Authors: Xiaopeng Xu, Si Chen, Wei Tang, Yingjun Qu, Xu Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Basic zinc cyanurate (Zn 3 (C 3 N 3 O 3 ) 2 ·ZnO, represented as Zn 3 Cy 2 ) was synthesized via a precipitation method, and investigated as a thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Congo red test and discoloration test. The thermal stability of PVC was significantly enhanced with the addition of Zn 3 Cy 2 . Compared with zinc Stearate (ZnSt 2 ), it is observed a significant improvement that Zn 3 Cy 2 could delay the “zinc burning” of PVC. This is attributed to the strong ability of the cyanurate anions in Zn 3 Cy 2 to absorb the hydrogen chloride released by the degradation of PVC. Moreover, mixing Zn 3 Cy 2 with Calcium Stearate (CaSt 2 ) in different mass ratios greatly promoted the thermal stability of PVC. Excellent synergistic effects could be observed when CaSt 2 /Zn 3 Cy 2 combined with some commercial auxiliary stabilizers. Addition of dibenzoylmethane (DBM) brought a remarkable increase in initial color for PVC containing CaSt 2 /Zn 3 Cy 2 while epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) could improve both initial color and long-term stability.