The Experts below are selected from a list of 18 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brent A. Vogt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cytoarchitecture of mouse and rat cingulate cortex with human homologies
Brain Structure & Function, 2014Co-Authors: Brent A. Vogt, George PaxinosAbstract:A gulf exists between cingulate area designations in human neurocytology and those used in rodent brain atlases with a major underpinning of the former being midcingulate cortex (MCC). The present study used images extracted from the Franklin and Paxinos mouse atlas and Paxinos and Watson rat atlas to demonstrate areas comprising MCC and modifications of anterior cingulate (ACC) and retrosplenial cortices. The laminar architecture not available in the atlases is also provided for each cingulate area. Both mouse and rat have a MCC with neurons in all layers that are larger than in ACC and layer Va has particularly prominent neurons and reduced neuron densities. An undifferentiated ACC area 33 lies along the rostral Callosal Sulcus in rat but not in mouse and area 32 has dorsal and ventral subdivisions with the former having particularly large pyramidal neurons in layer Vb. Both mouse and rat have anterior and posterior divisions of retrosplenial areas 29c and 30, although their cytology is different in rat and mouse. Maps of the rodent cingulate cortices provide for direct comparisons with each region in the human including MCC and it is significant that rodents do not have a posterior cingulate region composed of areas 23 and 31 like the human. It is concluded that rodents and primates, including humans, possess a MCC and this homology along with those in ACC and retrosplenial cortices permit scientists inspired by human considerations to test hypotheses on rodent models of human diseases.
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human cingulate cortex surface features flat maps and cytoarchitecture
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Brent A. Vogt, Esther A. Nimchinsky, Leslie J Vogt, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The surface morphology land cytoarchitecture of human cingulate cortex was evaluated in the brains of 27 neurologically intact individuals. Variations in surface features included a single cingulate Sulcus (CS) with or without segmentation or double parallel sulci with or without segmentation. The single CS was deeper (9.7 ± 0.81 mm) than in cases with double parallel sulci (7.5 ± 0.48 mm). There were dimples parallel to the CS in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anastomoses between the CS and the superior CS. Flat maps of the medial cortical surface were made in a two-stage reconstruction process and used to plot areas. The ACC is agranular and has a prominent layer V. Areas 33 and 25 have poor laminar differentiation, and there are three parts of area 24: area 24a adjacent to area 33 and partially within the Callosal Sulcus has homogeneous layers II and III, area 24b on the gyral surface has the most prominent layer Va of any cingulate area and distinct layers IIIa-b and IIIc, and area 24c in the ventral bank of the CS has thin layers II–III and no differentiation of layer V. There are four caudal divisions of area 24. Areas 24a′ and 24b′ have a thinner layer Va and layer III is thicker and less dense than in areas 24a and 24b. Area 24c′ is caudal to area 24c and has densely packed, large pyramids throughout layer V. Area 24c'g is caudal to area 24c′ and has the largest layer Vb pyramidal neurons in cingulate cortex. Area 32 is a cingulofrontal transition cortex with large layer IIIc pyramidal neurons and a dysgranular layer IV. Area 32′ is caudal to area 32 and has an indistinct layer IV, larger layer IIIc pyramids, and fewer neurons in layer Va. Posterior cingulate cortex has medial and lateral parts of area 29, a dysgranular area 30, and three divisions of area 23: area 23a has a thin layer IIIc and moderate-sized pyramids in layer Va, area 23b has large and prominent pyramids in layers IIIc and Va, and area 23c has the thinnest layers V and VI in cingulate cortex. Area 31 is the cinguloparietal transition area in the parasplenial lobules and has very large layer IIIc pyramids. Finally, variations in architecture between cases were assessed in neuron perikarya counts in area 23a. There was an age-related decrease in neuron density in layer IV (r = −0.63; ages 45–102), but not in other layers. These observations provide structural underpinnings for interpreting functional imaging studies of the human medial surface. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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topography of diprenorphine binding in human cingulate gyrus and adjacent cortex derived from coregistered pet and mr images
Human Brain Mapping, 1995Co-Authors: Brent A. Vogt, Hiroshi Watanabe, Sylke Grootoonk, Anthony K. P. JonesAbstract:Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of ligand binding lack sufficient anatomical detail to evaluate topographical variations in binding within each of the lobes of the human cerebral cortex. This study employed PET to localize [11C]diprenorphine binding to opioid receptors and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for defining medial surface structures. Continuous arterial sampling for metabolite corrected [11C]diprenorphine levels and CNS blood flow were used to model the volume of distribution (VDtot) of binding for three subjects. The PET images of VDtot were coregistered to the MR images for each case and 37 regions of interest were used to calculate VDtot. The VDtot was averaged for the three cases and coregistered with an MR reconstruction of the medial surface and plotted onto a flat map of this region. The average VDtot showed that binding was highest in anterior cingulate, rostral cingulofrontal transition, and prefrontal cortices, while binding in caudal parts of anterior cingulate and superior frontal cortices, and posterior cingulate cortex varied from high to low. Three statistical levels of binding were defined in relation to the high binding in perigenual area 24: high and equal to area 24, moderate and significantly lower than area 24 (p <0.01), or low (p <0.001). These levels of binding were plotted onto an unfolded map of the medial cortex. The VDtot was high in rostral cortex, and a strip of high binding continued caudally on the dorsal lip of the cingulate gyrus. There were patches of high binding in cinguloparietal transition, posterior parietal, and supplementary motor cortices. Four regions had low binding: (1) areas 29 and 30 in the Callosal Sulcus, (2) fundus of the cingulate Sulcus likely involving the cingulate motor areas, (3) fundus of the superior cingulate Sulcus involving two divisions of supplementary motor cortex, and (4) sensorimotor cortex on the paracentral lobule. Variations in binding may reflect functional specializations such as low binding in the cingulate motor and visuospatial areas and high levels in areas involved in processing information with affective content. The higher sensitivity of three-dimensional scanning and coregistration of PET and MR images makes it feasible to analyze single individuals and, by performing pixel-by-pixel spectral analysis and generation of parametric maps, statistical analyses are possible. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
George Paxinos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cytoarchitecture of mouse and rat cingulate cortex with human homologies
Brain Structure & Function, 2014Co-Authors: Brent A. Vogt, George PaxinosAbstract:A gulf exists between cingulate area designations in human neurocytology and those used in rodent brain atlases with a major underpinning of the former being midcingulate cortex (MCC). The present study used images extracted from the Franklin and Paxinos mouse atlas and Paxinos and Watson rat atlas to demonstrate areas comprising MCC and modifications of anterior cingulate (ACC) and retrosplenial cortices. The laminar architecture not available in the atlases is also provided for each cingulate area. Both mouse and rat have a MCC with neurons in all layers that are larger than in ACC and layer Va has particularly prominent neurons and reduced neuron densities. An undifferentiated ACC area 33 lies along the rostral Callosal Sulcus in rat but not in mouse and area 32 has dorsal and ventral subdivisions with the former having particularly large pyramidal neurons in layer Vb. Both mouse and rat have anterior and posterior divisions of retrosplenial areas 29c and 30, although their cytology is different in rat and mouse. Maps of the rodent cingulate cortices provide for direct comparisons with each region in the human including MCC and it is significant that rodents do not have a posterior cingulate region composed of areas 23 and 31 like the human. It is concluded that rodents and primates, including humans, possess a MCC and this homology along with those in ACC and retrosplenial cortices permit scientists inspired by human considerations to test hypotheses on rodent models of human diseases.
Patrick R. Hof - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human cingulate cortex surface features flat maps and cytoarchitecture
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Brent A. Vogt, Esther A. Nimchinsky, Leslie J Vogt, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The surface morphology land cytoarchitecture of human cingulate cortex was evaluated in the brains of 27 neurologically intact individuals. Variations in surface features included a single cingulate Sulcus (CS) with or without segmentation or double parallel sulci with or without segmentation. The single CS was deeper (9.7 ± 0.81 mm) than in cases with double parallel sulci (7.5 ± 0.48 mm). There were dimples parallel to the CS in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anastomoses between the CS and the superior CS. Flat maps of the medial cortical surface were made in a two-stage reconstruction process and used to plot areas. The ACC is agranular and has a prominent layer V. Areas 33 and 25 have poor laminar differentiation, and there are three parts of area 24: area 24a adjacent to area 33 and partially within the Callosal Sulcus has homogeneous layers II and III, area 24b on the gyral surface has the most prominent layer Va of any cingulate area and distinct layers IIIa-b and IIIc, and area 24c in the ventral bank of the CS has thin layers II–III and no differentiation of layer V. There are four caudal divisions of area 24. Areas 24a′ and 24b′ have a thinner layer Va and layer III is thicker and less dense than in areas 24a and 24b. Area 24c′ is caudal to area 24c and has densely packed, large pyramids throughout layer V. Area 24c'g is caudal to area 24c′ and has the largest layer Vb pyramidal neurons in cingulate cortex. Area 32 is a cingulofrontal transition cortex with large layer IIIc pyramidal neurons and a dysgranular layer IV. Area 32′ is caudal to area 32 and has an indistinct layer IV, larger layer IIIc pyramids, and fewer neurons in layer Va. Posterior cingulate cortex has medial and lateral parts of area 29, a dysgranular area 30, and three divisions of area 23: area 23a has a thin layer IIIc and moderate-sized pyramids in layer Va, area 23b has large and prominent pyramids in layers IIIc and Va, and area 23c has the thinnest layers V and VI in cingulate cortex. Area 31 is the cinguloparietal transition area in the parasplenial lobules and has very large layer IIIc pyramids. Finally, variations in architecture between cases were assessed in neuron perikarya counts in area 23a. There was an age-related decrease in neuron density in layer IV (r = −0.63; ages 45–102), but not in other layers. These observations provide structural underpinnings for interpreting functional imaging studies of the human medial surface. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anthony K. P. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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topography of diprenorphine binding in human cingulate gyrus and adjacent cortex derived from coregistered pet and mr images
Human Brain Mapping, 1995Co-Authors: Brent A. Vogt, Hiroshi Watanabe, Sylke Grootoonk, Anthony K. P. JonesAbstract:Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of ligand binding lack sufficient anatomical detail to evaluate topographical variations in binding within each of the lobes of the human cerebral cortex. This study employed PET to localize [11C]diprenorphine binding to opioid receptors and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for defining medial surface structures. Continuous arterial sampling for metabolite corrected [11C]diprenorphine levels and CNS blood flow were used to model the volume of distribution (VDtot) of binding for three subjects. The PET images of VDtot were coregistered to the MR images for each case and 37 regions of interest were used to calculate VDtot. The VDtot was averaged for the three cases and coregistered with an MR reconstruction of the medial surface and plotted onto a flat map of this region. The average VDtot showed that binding was highest in anterior cingulate, rostral cingulofrontal transition, and prefrontal cortices, while binding in caudal parts of anterior cingulate and superior frontal cortices, and posterior cingulate cortex varied from high to low. Three statistical levels of binding were defined in relation to the high binding in perigenual area 24: high and equal to area 24, moderate and significantly lower than area 24 (p <0.01), or low (p <0.001). These levels of binding were plotted onto an unfolded map of the medial cortex. The VDtot was high in rostral cortex, and a strip of high binding continued caudally on the dorsal lip of the cingulate gyrus. There were patches of high binding in cinguloparietal transition, posterior parietal, and supplementary motor cortices. Four regions had low binding: (1) areas 29 and 30 in the Callosal Sulcus, (2) fundus of the cingulate Sulcus likely involving the cingulate motor areas, (3) fundus of the superior cingulate Sulcus involving two divisions of supplementary motor cortex, and (4) sensorimotor cortex on the paracentral lobule. Variations in binding may reflect functional specializations such as low binding in the cingulate motor and visuospatial areas and high levels in areas involved in processing information with affective content. The higher sensitivity of three-dimensional scanning and coregistration of PET and MR images makes it feasible to analyze single individuals and, by performing pixel-by-pixel spectral analysis and generation of parametric maps, statistical analyses are possible. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Esther A. Nimchinsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human cingulate cortex surface features flat maps and cytoarchitecture
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Brent A. Vogt, Esther A. Nimchinsky, Leslie J Vogt, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The surface morphology land cytoarchitecture of human cingulate cortex was evaluated in the brains of 27 neurologically intact individuals. Variations in surface features included a single cingulate Sulcus (CS) with or without segmentation or double parallel sulci with or without segmentation. The single CS was deeper (9.7 ± 0.81 mm) than in cases with double parallel sulci (7.5 ± 0.48 mm). There were dimples parallel to the CS in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anastomoses between the CS and the superior CS. Flat maps of the medial cortical surface were made in a two-stage reconstruction process and used to plot areas. The ACC is agranular and has a prominent layer V. Areas 33 and 25 have poor laminar differentiation, and there are three parts of area 24: area 24a adjacent to area 33 and partially within the Callosal Sulcus has homogeneous layers II and III, area 24b on the gyral surface has the most prominent layer Va of any cingulate area and distinct layers IIIa-b and IIIc, and area 24c in the ventral bank of the CS has thin layers II–III and no differentiation of layer V. There are four caudal divisions of area 24. Areas 24a′ and 24b′ have a thinner layer Va and layer III is thicker and less dense than in areas 24a and 24b. Area 24c′ is caudal to area 24c and has densely packed, large pyramids throughout layer V. Area 24c'g is caudal to area 24c′ and has the largest layer Vb pyramidal neurons in cingulate cortex. Area 32 is a cingulofrontal transition cortex with large layer IIIc pyramidal neurons and a dysgranular layer IV. Area 32′ is caudal to area 32 and has an indistinct layer IV, larger layer IIIc pyramids, and fewer neurons in layer Va. Posterior cingulate cortex has medial and lateral parts of area 29, a dysgranular area 30, and three divisions of area 23: area 23a has a thin layer IIIc and moderate-sized pyramids in layer Va, area 23b has large and prominent pyramids in layers IIIc and Va, and area 23c has the thinnest layers V and VI in cingulate cortex. Area 31 is the cinguloparietal transition area in the parasplenial lobules and has very large layer IIIc pyramids. Finally, variations in architecture between cases were assessed in neuron perikarya counts in area 23a. There was an age-related decrease in neuron density in layer IV (r = −0.63; ages 45–102), but not in other layers. These observations provide structural underpinnings for interpreting functional imaging studies of the human medial surface. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
