The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
G. Plasqui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Classical experiments in whole-body metabolism: open-circuit respirometry—diluted flow chamber, hood, or facemask systems
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: P. F. M. Schoffelen, G. PlasquiAbstract:For over two centuries, scientists have measured gas exchange in animals and humans and linked this to energy expenditure of the body. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of open-circuit diluted flow indirect calorimetry and to help researchers to make the optimal choice for a certain system and its application. A historical perspective shows that ‘open circuit diluted flow’ is a technique first used in the 19th century and applicable today for room Calorimeters, ventilated hood systems, and facemasks. Room Calorimeters are a classic example of an open-circuit diluted flow system. The broadly applied ventilated hood Calorimeters follow the same principle and can be classified as a derivative of these room Calorimeters. The basic principle is that the subject breathes freely in a passing airflow that is fully captured and analyzed. Oxygen and CO_2 concentrations are measured in inlet ambient air and captured outlet air. The airflow, which is adapted depending on the application (e.g., rest versus exercise), is measured. For a room indirect Calorimeter, the dilution in the large room volume is also taken into account, and this is the most complex application of this type of Calorimeter. Validity of the systems can be tested by alcohol burns, gas infusions and by performing repeated measurements on subjects. Using the latter, the smallest CV (%) was found for repeated V O_2max tests (1.2%) with an SD of approximately 1 kJ min^−1. The smallest SD was found for sleeping metabolic rate (0.11 kJ min^−1) with a CV (%) of 2.4%.
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classical experiments in whole body metabolism open circuit respirometry diluted flow chamber hood or facemask systems
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: P. F. M. Schoffelen, G. PlasquiAbstract:For over two centuries, scientists have measured gas exchange in animals and humans and linked this to energy expenditure of the body. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of open-circuit diluted flow indirect calorimetry and to help researchers to make the optimal choice for a certain system and its application. A historical perspective shows that ‘open circuit diluted flow’ is a technique first used in the 19th century and applicable today for room Calorimeters, ventilated hood systems, and facemasks. Room Calorimeters are a classic example of an open-circuit diluted flow system. The broadly applied ventilated hood Calorimeters follow the same principle and can be classified as a derivative of these room Calorimeters. The basic principle is that the subject breathes freely in a passing airflow that is fully captured and analyzed. Oxygen and CO2 concentrations are measured in inlet ambient air and captured outlet air. The airflow, which is adapted depending on the application (e.g., rest versus exercise), is measured. For a room indirect Calorimeter, the dilution in the large room volume is also taken into account, and this is the most complex application of this type of Calorimeter. Validity of the systems can be tested by alcohol burns, gas infusions and by performing repeated measurements on subjects. Using the latter, the smallest CV (%) was found for repeated VO2max tests (1.2%) with an SD of approximately 1 kJ min−1. The smallest SD was found for sleeping metabolic rate (0.11 kJ min−1) with a CV (%) of 2.4%.
P. F. M. Schoffelen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Classical experiments in whole-body metabolism: open-circuit respirometry—diluted flow chamber, hood, or facemask systems
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: P. F. M. Schoffelen, G. PlasquiAbstract:For over two centuries, scientists have measured gas exchange in animals and humans and linked this to energy expenditure of the body. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of open-circuit diluted flow indirect calorimetry and to help researchers to make the optimal choice for a certain system and its application. A historical perspective shows that ‘open circuit diluted flow’ is a technique first used in the 19th century and applicable today for room Calorimeters, ventilated hood systems, and facemasks. Room Calorimeters are a classic example of an open-circuit diluted flow system. The broadly applied ventilated hood Calorimeters follow the same principle and can be classified as a derivative of these room Calorimeters. The basic principle is that the subject breathes freely in a passing airflow that is fully captured and analyzed. Oxygen and CO_2 concentrations are measured in inlet ambient air and captured outlet air. The airflow, which is adapted depending on the application (e.g., rest versus exercise), is measured. For a room indirect Calorimeter, the dilution in the large room volume is also taken into account, and this is the most complex application of this type of Calorimeter. Validity of the systems can be tested by alcohol burns, gas infusions and by performing repeated measurements on subjects. Using the latter, the smallest CV (%) was found for repeated V O_2max tests (1.2%) with an SD of approximately 1 kJ min^−1. The smallest SD was found for sleeping metabolic rate (0.11 kJ min^−1) with a CV (%) of 2.4%.
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classical experiments in whole body metabolism open circuit respirometry diluted flow chamber hood or facemask systems
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: P. F. M. Schoffelen, G. PlasquiAbstract:For over two centuries, scientists have measured gas exchange in animals and humans and linked this to energy expenditure of the body. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of open-circuit diluted flow indirect calorimetry and to help researchers to make the optimal choice for a certain system and its application. A historical perspective shows that ‘open circuit diluted flow’ is a technique first used in the 19th century and applicable today for room Calorimeters, ventilated hood systems, and facemasks. Room Calorimeters are a classic example of an open-circuit diluted flow system. The broadly applied ventilated hood Calorimeters follow the same principle and can be classified as a derivative of these room Calorimeters. The basic principle is that the subject breathes freely in a passing airflow that is fully captured and analyzed. Oxygen and CO2 concentrations are measured in inlet ambient air and captured outlet air. The airflow, which is adapted depending on the application (e.g., rest versus exercise), is measured. For a room indirect Calorimeter, the dilution in the large room volume is also taken into account, and this is the most complex application of this type of Calorimeter. Validity of the systems can be tested by alcohol burns, gas infusions and by performing repeated measurements on subjects. Using the latter, the smallest CV (%) was found for repeated VO2max tests (1.2%) with an SD of approximately 1 kJ min−1. The smallest SD was found for sleeping metabolic rate (0.11 kJ min−1) with a CV (%) of 2.4%.
Clifford C. Nwaeburu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Calorimetric Determination of Energy Content of Alcohol fuels and Blends with Kerosene
2012Co-Authors: Linus N. Okoro, David Okwuanalu, Clifford C. NwaeburuAbstract:In this research we explored the calorific or heat value of alcohol fuels as well as blends with kerosene by using both glass and bomb Calorimeters comparatively. The calorific values obtained from the combustion of alcohol fuels from glass Calorimeter were very much lower than those obtained from bomb Calorimeter, as a result of heat loss in glass calorimer. The heat values, obtained by glass Calorimeter, of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol gave 6.3MJ/Kg, 10.64MJ/Kg, 15.27MJ/Kg, 20.84MJ/Kg, and 22.56MJ/Kg respectively, while the heat values of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol, using the bomb Calorimeter gave 16.36MJ/kg, 21.6MJ/Kg, 30.75MJ/Kg, 32.13MJ/Kg, and 36.1MJ/Kg respectively. It is observed that the heat value of each blend is greater as the percent of alcohol increases, but as the percent alcohol exceeds the percent kerosene, the heat value starts to decrease. Generally, the heating values of alcohol fuels increase as the carbon atoms increases and the heating values of these alcohol fuels increase as the percent oxygen decreases.
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Energy Content of Alcohol Fuels and Blends with Gasoline
2012Co-Authors: Radda Abubakar, Linus N. Okoro, Clifford C. NwaeburuAbstract:In this research we report the comparative energy content or heat value of alcohol fuels as well as blends with gasoline obtained from both steel and bomb Calorimeters. The energy content of the alcohol obtained from the two Calorimeters differ widely, with the values of the energies obtained from the steel Calorimeter far less than the values obtained from the bomb Calorimeter. We observed that the energy content of the alcohol fuels increased from methanol through to pentanol. Meanwhile, the energy of the blend increases with the increase in carbon content of the alcohol, except for blends beyond E15. Additionally, the blend of the fuels gave higher energy values than the pure alcohols using any of the methods.
A.a. Ruban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CsI Calorimeter of the CMD-3 detector
Journal of Instrumentation, 2015Co-Authors: V.m. Aulchenko, A. Bondar, D.a. Epifanov, A.l. Erofeev, O.a. Kovalenko, A.n. Kozyrev, A.s. Kuzmin, I.b. Logashenko, G.p. Razuvaev, A.a. RubanAbstract:The VEPP-2000 e+e− collider has been operated at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics since 2010. The experiments are performed with two detectors CMD-3 and SND. The calorimetry at the CMD-3 detector is based on three subsystems, two coaxial barrel Calorimeters—Liquid Xenon Calorimeter and crystal CsI Calorimeter, and endcap Calorimeter with BGO crystals. This paper describes the CsI Calorimeter of the CMD-3 detector. The Calorimeter design, its electronics and calibration procedures are discussed.
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signal processing in the Calorimeter pre trigger of the cmd 3 detector
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009Co-Authors: A.n. Kozyrev, A.a. Ruban, Yu. V. YudinAbstract:Abstract The CMD-3 detector includes a magnetic spectrometer and an electromagnetic Calorimeter. The Calorimeters’ signals are used for energy deposition measurement and for triggering. For triggering, the Calorimeters’ signals are transformed into special short-shaped analog signals. These signals are then digitally processed with special algorithm, which allows one to obtain a set of logic signals necessary for event selection and a time-tag signal for time alignment of time measurements. In this paper, the main features of the developed signal processing algorithm are described.
I. Laktineh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy reconstruction in a highly granularity semi-digital hadronic Calorimeter
2015Co-Authors: S. Mannai, K. Manai, E. Cortina, I. LaktinehAbstract:The Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter(SDHCAL) using Glass Resistive Plate Chambers (GRPCs) is one of the Calorimeters proposed for particle physics experiments at the future electron-positron collider. It is a high granularity Calorimeter which is required for the application of the particle flow algorithm in order to improve the jet energy resolution as one of the goals of this experiments. We discuss the energy reconstruction, based on digital and semi-Digital methods, to study the effect on the improvement of the single particle energy resolution and the linearity of the detecor response. This study was performed with the GEANT4 simulation. Results on the energy resolution and linearity, for negative pions over an energy range from 1 to 100 GeV are presented and compared with different energy reconstruction methods including Artificial Neural Networks. 1. Introduction The CALICE collaboration [1] has developed several Calorimeter prototypes to evaluate the most appropriate one to be used in the future Linear Collider. One of them is the semi-digital hadronic Calorimeter (SDHCAL) constructed in IPNL with the collaboration of other laboratories. In this paper we first present the geometry of this prototype used in simulation. Then, we present the different techniques of energy reconstruction used in SDHCAL. Finally, the results of the energy resolution and linearity obtained are presented and commented upon.
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High granularity Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter using GRPCs
2012Co-Authors: S. Mannai, K. Manai, Y. Haddad, I. Laktineh, E. CortinaAbstract:A Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter using Glass Resistive Plate Chambers (GRPCs) is one of the Calorimeters candidates proposed for particle physics experiments at the future electrons collider. It is a high granular Calorimeter which is required for application of the particle flow algorithm in order to improve the jet energy resolution to achieve View the MathML source30%/E as one of the goals of these experiments.
