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Ronald P. Mensink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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customary use of plant sterol and plant stanol enriched margarine is associated with changes in serum plant sterol and stanol concentrations in humans
Journal of Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Heidi P Fransen, Jogchum Plat, Nynke De Jong, Marion Wolfs, Hans Verhagen, W Monique M Verschuren, Dieter Lutjohann, Klaus Von Bergmann, Ronald P. MensinkAbstract:The consumption of products enriched with plant sterol or stanol esters lowers serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, thereby most likely reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. However, using plant sterol (not plant stanol) enriched products elevates serum plant sterol concentrations in humans. This may be unwanted because health effects of elevated serum plant sterol concentrations are still controversial. Within postlaunch monitoring of functional foods, we compared serum plant sterol and plant stanol concentrations among users of plant sterol (n = 67) or plant stanol (n = 13) enriched margarines with those of matched nonusers (n = 81) in the ongoing Dutch Doetinchem cohort study. Subjects (aged 29-67 y) were examined in 1994-1998 (before the introduction of enriched margarines) and re-examined in 1999-2003. Serum concentrations of plant sterols and stanols were measured in samples from nonfasting subjects by GLC-MS. Intake of plant sterols was 1.1 +/- 0.6 g/d and was associated with a decrease of serum total cholesterol concentration of 0.25 +/- 0.91 mmol/L (4%, P < 0.05), a change that differed (P < 0.05) from the nonsignificant increase in nonusers (+2%, 0.12 +/- 0.78 mmol/L, P = 0.16). Cholesterol-standardized serum sitosterol and campesterol increased in plant sterol users by 22% (P < 0.0001) and 103% (P < 0.0001), respectively. Cholesterol-standardized serum sitostanol and Campestanol increased in plant stanol users by 197% (P = 0.02) and 196% (P = 0.01). To our knowledge, these data are the first to show changes in serum cholesterol, plant sterol, and plant stanol concentrations after (long-term) consumption of plant sterol and stanol enriched margarines in a free-living population in a nonexperimental setting. Whether the increased serum sterol concentrations result in adverse side effects needs to be investigated in future postlaunch monitoring studies. AD - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany 5Maastricht University, Department of Human Biology, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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effects of plant stanol esters supplied in low fat yoghurt on serum lipids and lipoproteins non cholesterol sterols and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations
Atherosclerosis, 2002Co-Authors: Ronald P. Mensink, Jogchum Plat, Spike Ebbing, Martijn Lindhout, Marjolien M A Van HeugtenAbstract:Abstract Oil-based products enriched with plant stanol esters can lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations by 10–14%. Effectiveness of low-fat products, however, has never been evaluated, although such products fit into a healthy diet. We therefore examined the effects of plant stanol esters emulsified into low-fat yoghurt (0.7% fat) on fasting concentrations of plasma lipids and lipid-soluble antioxidants, which may also change by plant stanol consumption. Sixty non-hypercholesterolemic subjects first consumed daily three cups (3×150 ml) of placebo yoghurt for 3 weeks. For the next 4 weeks, 30 subjects continued with the placebo yoghurt, while the other 30 subjects received three cups of experimental yoghurt. Each cup provided 1 g of plant stanols (0.71 g sitostanol plus 0.29 g Campestanol) as its fatty acid ester. LDL cholesterol (mean±S.D.) increased by 0.06±0.21 mmol/l in the placebo group, but decreased by −0.34±0.30 mmol/l in the experimental group. The difference in changes between the two groups of 0.40 mmol or 13.7% was highly significant ( P P =0.015). β-carotene levels, however, decreased by −0.02 μmol/mmol LDL cholesterol (−14.4%, P =0.038). Decreases in absolute β-carotene concentrations were found in all apoB-containing lipoproteins. LDL-cholesterol standardised phytofluene levels decreased by 21.4±25.7% ( P
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dietary vegetable oil and wood derived plant stanol esters reduce atherosclerotic lesion size and severity in apoe 3 leiden transgenic mice
Atherosclerosis, 2001Co-Authors: Oscar L. Volger, Jogchum Plat, Ronald P. Mensink, Gerard Hornstra, L.m. Havekes, Hans M.g. PrincenAbstract:The hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of vegetable oil- and wood-based dietary plant stanol esters were compared in female apoE*3-Leiden transgenic mice at relevant plasma cholesterol levels. The plant stanol esters derived from vegetable oil (sitostanol 65.7%, Campestanol 30.1%) had different contents of sitostanol and Campestanol than the plant stanol esters derived from wood (sitostanol 87.6%, Campestanol 9.5%) or from a mixture of vegetable oil and wood (sitostanol 73.0%, Campestanol 24.7%). The mice (10 per group) received for 38 weeks a control diet or diets containing 1.0% (w/w) plant stanol esters derived from either vegetable oil, wood or a mixture of both. Vegetable oil (−46%), wood (−42%) and vegetable oil/wood (−51%) plant stanol esters decreased the plasma cholesterol levels (P<0.0001) by reducing the cholesterol content in plasma very low density-, intermediate density- and to a lesser extent in low density-lipoprotein. Plant stanol ester feeding did not change plasma triglyceride levels. Dietary plant stanol esters reduced the atherosclerotic lesion area by 91±13% (vegetable oil), 97±4% (wood) and 78±34% (vegetable oil/wood) (P<0.0001) and the severity from regular intimal fatty streaks/mild plaques (on average type 2–3 lesions) in controls to individual intimal foam cells (
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effects of diets enriched with two different plant stanol ester mixtures on plasma ubiquinol 10 and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2001Co-Authors: Jogchum Plat, Ronald P. MensinkAbstract:Plant stanols lower intestinal cholesterol absorption. This causes a decrease in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, despite a compensatory increase in cholesterol synthesis. We therefore hypothesized that plant stanols also change LDL-cholesterol—standardized concentrations of ubiquinol-10 (a side product of the cholesterol synthesis cascade) and of those fat-soluble antioxidants that are mainly carried by LDL. To examine this, 112 nonhypercholesterolemic subjects consumed low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LEAR)-based margarine and shortening for 4 weeks. For the next 8 weeks, 42 subjects consumed the same products, while the other subjects received products with vegetable oil—based stanols (2.6 g sitostanol plus 1.2 g Campestanol daily, n = 36) or wood-based stanols (3.7 g sitostanol plus 0.3 g Campestanol daily, n = 34). Consumption of both plant stanol ester mixtures increased cholesterol synthesis and lowered cholesterol absorption, as indicated by increased serum cholesterol-standardized lathosterol and decreased plant sterol concentrations, respectively. Compared with the control group, absolute plasma ubiquinol-10 concentrations were lowered by 12.3% ± 18.9% (−0.14 μg/mL v the control group; P = .004; 95% confidence interval [CI] for the difference in changes, −0.05 to −0.22 μg/mL) in the vegetable oil—based group and by 15.4% ± 13.0% (−0.17 μg/mL v the control group; P < .001; 95% CI for the difference, −0.08 to −0.27 μg/mL) in the wood-based group. Changes in LDL-cholesterol—standardized ubiquinol-10 concentrations were not significantly changed. The most lipophylic antioxidants, the hydrocarbon carotenoids (β-carotene, α-carotene, and lycopene), decreased most, followed by the less lipophylic oxygenated carotenoids (lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin) and the tocopherols. These reductions were related to the reduction in LDL, which carry most of these antioxidants. The decrease in the hydrocarbon carotenoids, however, was also significantly associated with a decrease in cholesterol absorption. LDL-cholesterol—standardized antioxidant concentrations were not changed, except for β-carotene, which was still, although not significantly, lowered by about 10%. We conclude that the increase in endogenous cholesterol synthesis during plant stanol ester consumption does not result in increased LDL-cholesterol—standardized concentrations of ubiquinol-10, a side product of the cholesterol synthesis cascade. Furthermore, decreases in absolute fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations are related to decreases in LDL-cholesterol. However, for the most lipophylic carotenoids, some of the reduction was also related to the decrease in cholesterol absorption.
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vegetable oil based versus wood based stanol ester mixtures effects on serum lipids and hemostatic factors in non hypercholesterolemic subjects
Atherosclerosis, 2000Co-Authors: Jogchum Plat, Ronald P. MensinkAbstract:A pine wood based stanol ester mixture-composed of sitostanol (92%) and Campestanol (8%) effectively lowers cholesterol absorption and consequently LDL-cholesterol concentrations. It has been postulated that the less absorbable plant sterols reduce cholesterol absorption more effectively. As sitostanol is absorbed less than Campestanol, we decided to examine if a vegetable oil based stanol ester mixture with 68% sitostanol and 32% Campestanol is less effective than the wood based stanol ester mixture. For this, 112 non-hypercholesterolemic men and women consumed for 4 weeks a rapeseed oil (LEAR) based margarine and shortening. For the next 8 weeks, 42 subjects continued with these products, while the other subjects received products with a vegetable oil (n=36) or a pine wood based stanol ester mixture (n=34). Consumption of 3.8 g vegetable oil based stanols (2.6 g sitostanol plus 1.2 g Campestanol) lowered LDL cholesterol 14.6±8.0% (−0.37 mmol/l; vs. the control group; P<0.001; 95% CI for the difference, −0.22 to −0.51 mmol/l). Four grams pine wood based stanols (3.7 g sitostanol plus 0.3 g Campestanol) showed a comparable decrease of 12.8±11.2% (−0.34 mmol/l; P<0.001; 95% CI−0.18 to−0.51 mmol/l). Decreases in LDL cholesterol were not different between the two experimental groups (P=0.793), while apoE genotype did not have a major impact on this hypocholesterolemic response. Serum HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were not changed. The decreases in apo B in both experimental groups differed significantly (P<0.001) from changes in the control group. Coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters were not affected. We therefore conclude that vegetable oil and wood based stanol ester mixtures, with a different sitostanol/Campestanol ratio, have similar LDL cholesterol lowering effects in a non-hypercholesterolemic population.
Jogchum Plat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hepatic non-cholesterol sterol concentrations.
2014Co-Authors: Jogchum Plat, Tim Hendrikx, Veerle Bieghs, Mike L. J. Jeurissen, Sofie M. A. Walenbergh, Patrick J. Van Gorp, Els De Smet, Maurice Konings, Anita C. E. Vreugdenhil, Yasmin Dias GuichotAbstract:Hepatic concentrations of (A) campesterol, (B) sitosterol, (C) Campestanol and (D) sitostanol were measured. To analyze endogenous cholesterol synthesis, hepatic (E) lathosterol and (F) desmosterol were measured. All values are shown as absolute concentrations (ng/mg tissue). n = 10 per group. *P
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Composition of the experimental and chow diets.
2014Co-Authors: Jogchum Plat, Tim Hendrikx, Veerle Bieghs, Mike L. J. Jeurissen, Sofie M. A. Walenbergh, Patrick J. Van Gorp, Els De Smet, Maurice Konings, Anita C. E. Vreugdenhil, Yasmin Dias GuichotAbstract:1HFD: high fat diet;2Vitamin mix: vitamins premix, trace elements premix;3Mineral mix: calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, sodium chloride, magnesium oxide;4This added amount of 0.2% cholesterol together with the 0.015% cholesterol from beef fat makes that the diet contains 0.22% cholesterol;5The small amounts of olive oil, soybean oil and linseed oil were added to the HFD and not to the HFD + sterol or stanol esters to make the amount and type of fatty acids in the three HF diets comparable since the fatty acids in the sterol and stanol esters (rapeseed oil fatty acids) become available during digestion.6The 3.1% plant sterol or stanol esters correspond to ±2% free plant sterols or stanols. The plant stanols used are a mixture of mainly sitostanol and Campestanol 85/15 and the plant sterols used are a mixture of mainly sitosterol and campesterol 70/30.The chow diet contains ±10.2 en% fat, whereas the HFD contains ±41.5 en% fat.Composition of the experimental and chow diets.
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customary use of plant sterol and plant stanol enriched margarine is associated with changes in serum plant sterol and stanol concentrations in humans
Journal of Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Heidi P Fransen, Jogchum Plat, Nynke De Jong, Marion Wolfs, Hans Verhagen, W Monique M Verschuren, Dieter Lutjohann, Klaus Von Bergmann, Ronald P. MensinkAbstract:The consumption of products enriched with plant sterol or stanol esters lowers serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, thereby most likely reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. However, using plant sterol (not plant stanol) enriched products elevates serum plant sterol concentrations in humans. This may be unwanted because health effects of elevated serum plant sterol concentrations are still controversial. Within postlaunch monitoring of functional foods, we compared serum plant sterol and plant stanol concentrations among users of plant sterol (n = 67) or plant stanol (n = 13) enriched margarines with those of matched nonusers (n = 81) in the ongoing Dutch Doetinchem cohort study. Subjects (aged 29-67 y) were examined in 1994-1998 (before the introduction of enriched margarines) and re-examined in 1999-2003. Serum concentrations of plant sterols and stanols were measured in samples from nonfasting subjects by GLC-MS. Intake of plant sterols was 1.1 +/- 0.6 g/d and was associated with a decrease of serum total cholesterol concentration of 0.25 +/- 0.91 mmol/L (4%, P < 0.05), a change that differed (P < 0.05) from the nonsignificant increase in nonusers (+2%, 0.12 +/- 0.78 mmol/L, P = 0.16). Cholesterol-standardized serum sitosterol and campesterol increased in plant sterol users by 22% (P < 0.0001) and 103% (P < 0.0001), respectively. Cholesterol-standardized serum sitostanol and Campestanol increased in plant stanol users by 197% (P = 0.02) and 196% (P = 0.01). To our knowledge, these data are the first to show changes in serum cholesterol, plant sterol, and plant stanol concentrations after (long-term) consumption of plant sterol and stanol enriched margarines in a free-living population in a nonexperimental setting. Whether the increased serum sterol concentrations result in adverse side effects needs to be investigated in future postlaunch monitoring studies. AD - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany 5Maastricht University, Department of Human Biology, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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effects of plant stanol esters supplied in low fat yoghurt on serum lipids and lipoproteins non cholesterol sterols and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations
Atherosclerosis, 2002Co-Authors: Ronald P. Mensink, Jogchum Plat, Spike Ebbing, Martijn Lindhout, Marjolien M A Van HeugtenAbstract:Abstract Oil-based products enriched with plant stanol esters can lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations by 10–14%. Effectiveness of low-fat products, however, has never been evaluated, although such products fit into a healthy diet. We therefore examined the effects of plant stanol esters emulsified into low-fat yoghurt (0.7% fat) on fasting concentrations of plasma lipids and lipid-soluble antioxidants, which may also change by plant stanol consumption. Sixty non-hypercholesterolemic subjects first consumed daily three cups (3×150 ml) of placebo yoghurt for 3 weeks. For the next 4 weeks, 30 subjects continued with the placebo yoghurt, while the other 30 subjects received three cups of experimental yoghurt. Each cup provided 1 g of plant stanols (0.71 g sitostanol plus 0.29 g Campestanol) as its fatty acid ester. LDL cholesterol (mean±S.D.) increased by 0.06±0.21 mmol/l in the placebo group, but decreased by −0.34±0.30 mmol/l in the experimental group. The difference in changes between the two groups of 0.40 mmol or 13.7% was highly significant ( P P =0.015). β-carotene levels, however, decreased by −0.02 μmol/mmol LDL cholesterol (−14.4%, P =0.038). Decreases in absolute β-carotene concentrations were found in all apoB-containing lipoproteins. LDL-cholesterol standardised phytofluene levels decreased by 21.4±25.7% ( P
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dietary vegetable oil and wood derived plant stanol esters reduce atherosclerotic lesion size and severity in apoe 3 leiden transgenic mice
Atherosclerosis, 2001Co-Authors: Oscar L. Volger, Jogchum Plat, Ronald P. Mensink, Gerard Hornstra, L.m. Havekes, Hans M.g. PrincenAbstract:The hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of vegetable oil- and wood-based dietary plant stanol esters were compared in female apoE*3-Leiden transgenic mice at relevant plasma cholesterol levels. The plant stanol esters derived from vegetable oil (sitostanol 65.7%, Campestanol 30.1%) had different contents of sitostanol and Campestanol than the plant stanol esters derived from wood (sitostanol 87.6%, Campestanol 9.5%) or from a mixture of vegetable oil and wood (sitostanol 73.0%, Campestanol 24.7%). The mice (10 per group) received for 38 weeks a control diet or diets containing 1.0% (w/w) plant stanol esters derived from either vegetable oil, wood or a mixture of both. Vegetable oil (−46%), wood (−42%) and vegetable oil/wood (−51%) plant stanol esters decreased the plasma cholesterol levels (P<0.0001) by reducing the cholesterol content in plasma very low density-, intermediate density- and to a lesser extent in low density-lipoprotein. Plant stanol ester feeding did not change plasma triglyceride levels. Dietary plant stanol esters reduced the atherosclerotic lesion area by 91±13% (vegetable oil), 97±4% (wood) and 78±34% (vegetable oil/wood) (P<0.0001) and the severity from regular intimal fatty streaks/mild plaques (on average type 2–3 lesions) in controls to individual intimal foam cells (
Botelho, José Rafael Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extratos de sementes de gergelim preto (Sesamum indicum L) obtidos via CO2 supercrítico: isotermas de rendimento global, dados cinéticos e ajustes, ácidos graxos totais, fitosteróis e efeitos neuroprotetores
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, 2013Co-Authors: Botelho, José Rafael SantosAbstract:In Brazilian folk medicine, black sesame (Sesamum indicum L) seeds is one of the most important ingredients present in the tea used to treat encephalic stroke victims. Nevertheless, isolation of black sesame extracts to medicinal finality using supercritical fluid technology has not been performed. The objective of this work was to investigate some process variables of supercritical fluid extraction in black sesame to generate extracts applicable in stroke research. Two isothermal (40 and 60 °C) were explored, combined with pressures that ranged from 200-400 bar, at a constant CO2 mass flow rate of 5,9 x 10-5 kg/s. The global yields ranged from 37-53% in dry basis. The highest mass yield was obtained at 60 °C and 400 bar. The fatty acid composition comprised a high unsaturated/saturated ratio. Chromatographic analysis of phytosterol content in the high global yield extract revealed higher amounts of β-sitosterol + sitostanol, cholesterol, campesterol + Campestanol + 24-methylene cholesterol, Δ-5 avenasterol and stigmasterol, while lower levels of Δ-5,24 stigmastadienol, brassicasterol, clerosterol + Δ-5-23 stigmastadienol, Δ-7 avenasterol, eritrodiol and Δ-7 stigmastenol were present in the black sesame extract. Overall extraction curves from the supercritical fluid extraction in lower and higher global yields (200 e 400 bar at 60 °C) fitted the Tan and Liou (1989), Martinez et al. (2003), Esquível et al. (1999), Goto et al. (1993) e Sovová models (1994 and 2012). The models of Tan and Liou (1989), Goto et al. (1993) and Sovová (1994 and 2012) presented the best residual sum of squares values. Pilot experiments suggest that black sesame extract is neuroprotective following endothelin-1 induced focal ischemia into the motor cortex of male adult rat, observing indications that a prejudicial cell form for the stroke`s status was inhibited by the treatment.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoNa medicina popular brasileira, sementes de gergelim preto (Sesamum indicum L) é um dos mais importantes ingrediente presentes em um chá usado para tratar vítimas de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Porém, o isolamento de extratos de gergelim preto para fins medicinais usando a tecnologia do fluido supercrítico não foi realizado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar algumas variáveis de processo da extração com fluido supercrítico em sementes de gergelim preto para gerar extratos aplicáveis a pesquisa do AVE isquêmico focal. Duas isotermas (40 e 60 ºC) foram exploradas, combinadas com pressões de 200-400 bar, em vazão mássica de CO2 constante de 5,9 x 10-5 kg/s. Os rendimentos globais foram de 37-53% em base seca. O maior rendimento foi obtido em 60 ºC e 400 bar. A composição de ácidos graxos mostrou uma elevada razão de insaturados/ saturados. A análise de conteúdo de fitosteróis no extrato de maior rendimento revelou maiores quantidades de β-sitosterol + sitostanol, colesterol, campesterol + Campestanol + 24-metileno colesterol, Δ-5 avenasterol and estigmasterol, enquanto que menores níveis de Δ-5,24 estigmastadienol, brassicasterol, clerosterol + Δ-5-23 estigmastadienol, Δ-7 avenasterol, eritrodiol and Δ-7 estigmastenol foram observados. As curvas de extração das extrações com fluido supercrítico no menor e maior rendimento mássico (200 e 400 bar a 60 ºC) foram ajustadas pelos modelos de Tan e Liou (1989), Martinez et al. (2003), Esquível et al. (1999), Goto et al. (1993) e Sovová (1994 e 2012). Os modelos de Tan e Liou (1989), Goto et al. (1993) e Sovová (1994 e 2012) apresentaram as melhores valores nominais de somas residuais dos quadrados. Experimentos pilotos sugerem que o extrato obtido via fluido supercrítico de gergelim preto é neuroprotetor em relação a isquemia focal por endotelina-1 no córtex motor de ratos machos adultos, observada a redução da área de infarto isquêmico
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Extratos de sementes de gergelim preto (Sesamum indicum L) obtidos via CO2 supercrítico: isotermas de rendimento global, dados cinéticos e ajustes, ácidos graxos totais, fitosteróis e efeitos neuroprotetores
2013Co-Authors: Botelho, José Rafael SantosAbstract:Na medicina popular brasileira, sementes de gergelim preto (Sesamum indicum L) é um dos mais importantes ingrediente presentes em um chá usado para tratar vítimas de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Porém, o isolamento de extratos de gergelim preto para fins medicinais usando a tecnologia do fluido supercrítico não foi realizado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar algumas variáveis de processo da extração com fluido supercrítico em sementes de gergelim preto para gerar extratos aplicáveis a pesquisa do AVE isquêmico focal. Duas isotermas (40 e 60 ºC) foram exploradas, combinadas com pressões de 200-400 bar, em vazão mássica de CO2 constante de 5,9 x 10-5 kg/s. Os rendimentos globais foram de 37-53% em base seca. O maior rendimento foi obtido em 60 ºC e 400 bar. A composição de ácidos graxos mostrou uma elevada razão de insaturados/ saturados. A análise de conteúdo de fitosteróis no extrato de maior rendimento revelou maiores quantidades de β-sitosterol + sitostanol, colesterol, campesterol + Campestanol + 24-metileno colesterol, Δ-5 avenasterol and estigmasterol, enquanto que menores níveis de Δ-5,24 estigmastadienol, brassicasterol, clerosterol + Δ-5-23 estigmastadienol, Δ-7 avenasterol, eritrodiol and Δ-7 estigmastenol foram observados. As curvas de extração das extrações com fluido supercrítico no menor e maior rendimento mássico (200 e 400 bar a 60 ºC) foram ajustadas pelos modelos de Tan e Liou (1989), Martinez et al. (2003), Esquível et al. (1999), Goto et al. (1993) e Sovová (1994 e 2012). Os modelos de Tan e Liou (1989), Goto et al. (1993) e Sovová (1994 e 2012) apresentaram as melhores valores nominais de somas residuais dos quadrados. Experimentos pilotos sugerem que o extrato obtido via fluido supercrítico de gergelim preto é neuroprotetor em relação a isquemia focal por endotelina-1 no córtex motor de ratos machos adultos, observada a redução da área de infarto isquêmico.ABSTRACT: In Brazilian folk medicine, black sesame (Sesamum indicum L) seeds is one of the most important ingredients present in the tea used to treat encephalic stroke victims. Nevertheless, isolation of black sesame extracts to medicinal finality using supercritical fluid technology has not been performed. The objective of this work was to investigate some process variables of supercritical fluid extraction in black sesame to generate extracts applicable in stroke research. Two isothermal (40 and 60 °C) were explored, combined with pressures that ranged from 200-400 bar, at a constant CO2 mass flow rate of 5,9 x 10-5 kg/s. The global yields ranged from 37-53% in dry basis. The highest mass yield was obtained at 60 °C and 400 bar. The fatty acid composition comprised a high unsaturated/saturated ratio. Chromatographic analysis of phytosterol content in the high global yield extract revealed higher amounts of β-sitosterol + sitostanol, cholesterol, campesterol + Campestanol + 24-methylene cholesterol, Δ-5 avenasterol and stigmasterol, while lower levels of Δ-5,24 stigmastadienol, brassicasterol, clerosterol + Δ-5-23 stigmastadienol, Δ-7 avenasterol, eritrodiol and Δ-7 stigmastenol were present in the black sesame extract. Overall extraction curves from the supercritical fluid extraction in lower and higher global yields (200 e 400 bar at 60 °C) fitted the Tan and Liou (1989), Martinez et al. (2003), Esquível et al. (1999), Goto et al. (1993) e Sovová models (1994 and 2012). The models of Tan and Liou (1989), Goto et al. (1993) and Sovová (1994 and 2012) presented the best residual sum of squares values. Pilot experiments suggest that black sesame extract is neuroprotective following endothelin-1 induced focal ischemia into the motor cortex of male adult rat, observing indications that a prejudicial cell form for the stroke`s status was inhibited by the treatment
William E Parsons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short term administration of tall oil phytosterols improves plasma lipid profiles in subjects with different cholesterol levels
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 1998Co-Authors: Peter J. H. Jones, Diane E. Macdougall, Tanya J Howell, Jian Ying Feng, William E ParsonsAbstract:To assess the short-term cholesterol-lowering potential of sitostanol-containing tall oil plant sterols, 22 subjects consumed fixed-food diets over two 10-day periods with or without 21.2 mg/kg body weight/d tall oil phytosterols (sitosterol 62%, sitostanol 21%, campesterol 16%, and Campestanol 1%) in a randomized crossover study design. On day 10 of each diet, plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels, plasma phytosterol concentrations, and cholesterol biosynthesis rates were determined. Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were lower (P < .01) after administration of tall oil phytosterol (4.7 +/- 0.3 and 3.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, respectively) versus placebo (5.0 +/- 0.3 and 3.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, respectively). Tall oil treatment had no effect on the plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) versus placebo (1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/L). Similarly, plasma triglyceride (TG) levels did not differ between tall oil (1.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/L) and placebo (1.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/L) treatments. Plasma campesterol (15.8 +/- 3.7 mmol/mol cholesterol) and sitosterol (6.0 +/- 2.1 mmol/mol cholesterol) levels were not different after tall oil treatment versus placebo treatment (15.4 +/- 2.3 and 6.4 +/- 2.0 mmol/mol cholesterol, respectively). Plasma sitostanol levels were essentially undetectable. No difference was observed in cholesterol biosynthesis between tall oil (0.045 +/- 0.004 pools/d) and placebo (0.034 +/- 0.004 pools/d) treatments; however, the effect of treatments in subjects with different cholesterol levels varied. In subjects with lower cholesterol values, the red blood cell cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) increased from 0.0291 +/- 0.0054 pools/d after placebo to 0.0509 +/- 0.0049 pools/d (P < .05) after phytosterol treatment. In subjects with higher cholesterol values, the red blood cell cholesterol FSR did not change significantly after treatment. These results demonstrate the short-term efficacy of tall oil plant sterols as cholesterol-lowering agents.
A. G. Gopala Krishna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studies on the nutraceuticals composition of wheat derived oils wheat bran oil and wheat germ oil.
Journal of food science and technology, 2013Co-Authors: G. Suresh Kumar, A. G. Gopala KrishnaAbstract:Fat-soluble nutraceuticals of cereals are known for number of disease preventive activities. Hence wheat bran oil (WBO) and wheat germ oil (WGO) were extracted from wheat bran and germ which yielded 3.35 % and 7.35 % of oil, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (64 %, 61.2 %) respectively. Both oils contained tocopherols and carotenoids, which were higher in wheat germ oil (273 mg/100 g, 12.23 mg/100 g) than wheat bran oil (190 mg/100 g, 2.21 mg/100 g). Steryl ferulates were also present in both the oils, but their content was eight-fold higher in WBO than in WGO. Three major steryl ferulates identified by HPLC were campesteryl ferulate and sitostenyl ferulate, campestanyl ferulate and β-sitosteryl ferulate as in γ-oryzanol and another ferulate, viz., sitostanyl ferulate. A strong IC50 value of 7.5 mg/mL and 21.6 mg/mL DPPH free radicals scavenging for wheat germ oil for wheat bran oil was observed. NMR (13C and 1H) profile explored the evidence of distribution of antioxidant molecules in the unsaponifiable matter of wheat derived oil. Since oils rich in PUFA and minor components are required for the normal physiological activities, blending such oils with other edible oils of the diet in wheat growing countries like India may be useful to provide health benefits.