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Lawrence Guy Straus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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birds of prey and humans in prehistoric europe a view from el miron cave Cantabria spain
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Lawrence Guy Straus, Ana B Marinarroyo, Beatrice Demarchi, Samantha Presslee, Igor Gutierrezzugasti, Manuel R Gonzalezmorales, Roman FischerAbstract:Abstract Bird eggs can become part of the archaeological record either accidentally or as a result of human activities but, in both instances, they can reveal important aspects of the environment at the site, the ways in which people chose to exploit it, and even the existence of subtle ecological balances between humans and other animals. This is the case for El Mirόn, one of the most important cave sites in Cantabrian Spain, with occupation levels spanning around 40,000 years, from the late Middle Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age. This mountainous area in Cantabria was an ideal environment for hunting medium-sized game and, as such, supported both human and non-human predators, including birds of prey. Here we use a combination of peptide mass fingerprinting (by MALDI-MS) and protein sequencing (by LC-MS/MS) in order to taxonomically identify ninety-five fragments of eggshells recovered from nineteen archaeological layers. We firmly identify these as diurnal birds of prey (Accipitridae) and suggest that the species might have been bearded vulture, based on previous taphonomic studies that highlighted its presence at the cave. The implication is that both species of diurnal predators, humans and birds, inhabited the cave and used the surrounding environment during different periods of the year.
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lithic raw material conveyance and hunter gatherer mobility during the lower magdalenian in Cantabria spain
Quaternary International, 2016Co-Authors: Lisa M Fontes, Lawrence Guy Straus, Manuel Gonzalez R MoralesAbstract:Hunter-gatherer groups' organizational strategies were influenced by how key resources were structured on landscapes, including lithic toolstones with fixed outcrop locations. Lithic artifacts, which were created via reductive sequences, can inform landscape-level behavioral reconstructions because toolstone decreased in quantity through use as it was transported further from its source and its reduction stages can be determined using diagnostic lithic debris (e.g. primary cortical pieces, renewal flakes, and cores). By comparing lithic raw materials and their reduction stages at four Lower Cantabrian Magdalenian sites—Altamira, El Juyo, El Miron, and El Rascano—this paper reconstructs lithic provisioning and hunter-gatherer mobility in the center of the Vasco-Cantabrian region during the Last Glacial period. This study proposes that the Lower Magdalenian groups who occupied these sites shared a regional economic territory that extended from Cantabria into western Navarra and conveyed toolstones between sites as part of mobile toolkits. Local raw material conveyance demonstrates that shifting environmental zones was an important factor in these hunter-gatherers' mobility strategies in Cantabria.
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lithic and osseous artifacts from the lower magdalenian human burial deposit in el miron cave Cantabria spain
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Lisa M Fontes, Lawrence Guy Straus, Manuel Gonzalez R MoralesAbstract:This paper presents a preliminary summary of lithic and osseous artifacts recovered from El Miron Level 504, whose ochre-stained sediments were associated with a Lower Magdalenian human burial. The lithic artifacts were concentrated to the south of the human remains. Debris indicate that manufacture was focused on late-stage bladelet reduction, which followed preparatory flake or blade removals. The lithic industry is rich in bladelet tools and other Lower Magdalenian diagnostic artifacts that were made on very high-quality flints. Osseous artifacts—principally antler sagaies—are highly fragmented, but their attributes are consistent with others known from El Miron. Lithic and osseous artifacts are typical of the Lower Magdalenian of Cantabria. These artifacts were recovered from a level with significant microstratigraphic variation associated with cultural and natural formation processes, leaving unknown how extensively these materials were spatially and/or temporally displaced from their primary discard locations as part of Level 504 deposition. Interpreted as a single unit and compared with those from the underlying Level 505, these burial area materials testify to spatial continuity with the similarly rich Lower Magdalenian occupations identified in the El Miron mid- and outer-vestibule into the vestibule rear. The artifacts found in Level 504 provide additional evidence that confirm the site's importance as a major Lower Magdalenian residential site in the montane zone of the Cantabrian region.
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el grafismo rupestre paleolitico de la cueva de el miron ramales de la victoria Cantabria espana una propuesta para su datacion estratigrafica
Trabajos De Prehistoria, 2012Co-Authors: Marcos Garcia Diez, Manuel Gonzalez R Morales, Lawrence Guy StrausAbstract:This article describes the rock art discovered in El Miron Cave (Cantabria, Spain) during the course of excavations directed by LGS and MGM since 1996. The art consists of engravings: most are apparently non-representational in their currest condition, but there is one image of a horse and another of a possible bison. The engravings are all located at the rear of the large, sunlit vestibule of the cave, in intimate relationship with human habitation deposits. The horse and associated linear engravings on the cave wall can be attributed to the earlymiddle Magdalenian on the basis of style and practicable height above occupation surfaces of those periods. More precisely datable, two series of linear engravings on a large block can be assigned to the Lower Cantabrian Magdalenian, a period well-endowed with works of portable art, such as engraved scapulae, both at El Miron and in many other regional sites. The block fell from the cave wall, its outer surface landing on Level 110, which is 14C-dated to 16,130 ± 250 and 16,520 ± 40 BP. Then the flat inner surface of the block was engraved. Next, the block and the engravings were progressively covered over by sediments pertaining to Middle, Upper and Terminal Magdalenian levels 14C-dated between ca. 14,500- 12,000 BP. In sum, the art discovered to date in El Miron can be attributed to the early and middle Magdalenian period, although the site itself was inhabited by humans from at least late Middle Paleolithic through Medieval times. This article concludes by placing the Miron parietal art within the context of the numerous other (but less-well dated) cave art manifestations in the river Ason basin of eastern Cantabria, including such notable sites as Venta de la Perra, Covalanas, La Haza and Cullalvera.
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the radiocarbon chronology of el miron cave Cantabria spain new dates for the initial magdalenian occupations
Radiocarbon, 2010Co-Authors: Lawrence Guy Straus, Manuel Gonzalez R MoralesAbstract:Three additional radiocarbon assays were run on samples from 3 levels lying below the classic (?15,500 BP) Lower Cantabrian Magdalenian horizon in the outer vestibule excavation area of El Mir?n Cave in the Cantabrian Cordillera of northern Spain. Although the central tendencies of the new dates are out of stratigraphic order, they are consonant with the post-Solutrean, Initial Magdalenian period both in El Mir?n and in the Cantabrian region, indicating a technological transition in preferred weaponry from foliate and shouldered points to microliths and antler sagaies between about 17,000?16,000 BP (uncalibrated), during the early part of the Oldest Dryas pollen zone. Now with 65 14C dates, El Mir?n is one of the most thoroughly dated prehistoric sites in western Europe. The until-now poorly dated, but very distinctive Initial Cantabrian Magdalenian lithic artifact assemblages are briefly summarized.
Manuel Gonzalez R Morales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lithic raw material conveyance and hunter gatherer mobility during the lower magdalenian in Cantabria spain
Quaternary International, 2016Co-Authors: Lisa M Fontes, Lawrence Guy Straus, Manuel Gonzalez R MoralesAbstract:Hunter-gatherer groups' organizational strategies were influenced by how key resources were structured on landscapes, including lithic toolstones with fixed outcrop locations. Lithic artifacts, which were created via reductive sequences, can inform landscape-level behavioral reconstructions because toolstone decreased in quantity through use as it was transported further from its source and its reduction stages can be determined using diagnostic lithic debris (e.g. primary cortical pieces, renewal flakes, and cores). By comparing lithic raw materials and their reduction stages at four Lower Cantabrian Magdalenian sites—Altamira, El Juyo, El Miron, and El Rascano—this paper reconstructs lithic provisioning and hunter-gatherer mobility in the center of the Vasco-Cantabrian region during the Last Glacial period. This study proposes that the Lower Magdalenian groups who occupied these sites shared a regional economic territory that extended from Cantabria into western Navarra and conveyed toolstones between sites as part of mobile toolkits. Local raw material conveyance demonstrates that shifting environmental zones was an important factor in these hunter-gatherers' mobility strategies in Cantabria.
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lithic and osseous artifacts from the lower magdalenian human burial deposit in el miron cave Cantabria spain
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Lisa M Fontes, Lawrence Guy Straus, Manuel Gonzalez R MoralesAbstract:This paper presents a preliminary summary of lithic and osseous artifacts recovered from El Miron Level 504, whose ochre-stained sediments were associated with a Lower Magdalenian human burial. The lithic artifacts were concentrated to the south of the human remains. Debris indicate that manufacture was focused on late-stage bladelet reduction, which followed preparatory flake or blade removals. The lithic industry is rich in bladelet tools and other Lower Magdalenian diagnostic artifacts that were made on very high-quality flints. Osseous artifacts—principally antler sagaies—are highly fragmented, but their attributes are consistent with others known from El Miron. Lithic and osseous artifacts are typical of the Lower Magdalenian of Cantabria. These artifacts were recovered from a level with significant microstratigraphic variation associated with cultural and natural formation processes, leaving unknown how extensively these materials were spatially and/or temporally displaced from their primary discard locations as part of Level 504 deposition. Interpreted as a single unit and compared with those from the underlying Level 505, these burial area materials testify to spatial continuity with the similarly rich Lower Magdalenian occupations identified in the El Miron mid- and outer-vestibule into the vestibule rear. The artifacts found in Level 504 provide additional evidence that confirm the site's importance as a major Lower Magdalenian residential site in the montane zone of the Cantabrian region.
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el grafismo rupestre paleolitico de la cueva de el miron ramales de la victoria Cantabria espana una propuesta para su datacion estratigrafica
Trabajos De Prehistoria, 2012Co-Authors: Marcos Garcia Diez, Manuel Gonzalez R Morales, Lawrence Guy StrausAbstract:This article describes the rock art discovered in El Miron Cave (Cantabria, Spain) during the course of excavations directed by LGS and MGM since 1996. The art consists of engravings: most are apparently non-representational in their currest condition, but there is one image of a horse and another of a possible bison. The engravings are all located at the rear of the large, sunlit vestibule of the cave, in intimate relationship with human habitation deposits. The horse and associated linear engravings on the cave wall can be attributed to the earlymiddle Magdalenian on the basis of style and practicable height above occupation surfaces of those periods. More precisely datable, two series of linear engravings on a large block can be assigned to the Lower Cantabrian Magdalenian, a period well-endowed with works of portable art, such as engraved scapulae, both at El Miron and in many other regional sites. The block fell from the cave wall, its outer surface landing on Level 110, which is 14C-dated to 16,130 ± 250 and 16,520 ± 40 BP. Then the flat inner surface of the block was engraved. Next, the block and the engravings were progressively covered over by sediments pertaining to Middle, Upper and Terminal Magdalenian levels 14C-dated between ca. 14,500- 12,000 BP. In sum, the art discovered to date in El Miron can be attributed to the early and middle Magdalenian period, although the site itself was inhabited by humans from at least late Middle Paleolithic through Medieval times. This article concludes by placing the Miron parietal art within the context of the numerous other (but less-well dated) cave art manifestations in the river Ason basin of eastern Cantabria, including such notable sites as Venta de la Perra, Covalanas, La Haza and Cullalvera.
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the radiocarbon chronology of el miron cave Cantabria spain new dates for the initial magdalenian occupations
Radiocarbon, 2010Co-Authors: Lawrence Guy Straus, Manuel Gonzalez R MoralesAbstract:Three additional radiocarbon assays were run on samples from 3 levels lying below the classic (?15,500 BP) Lower Cantabrian Magdalenian horizon in the outer vestibule excavation area of El Mir?n Cave in the Cantabrian Cordillera of northern Spain. Although the central tendencies of the new dates are out of stratigraphic order, they are consonant with the post-Solutrean, Initial Magdalenian period both in El Mir?n and in the Cantabrian region, indicating a technological transition in preferred weaponry from foliate and shouldered points to microliths and antler sagaies between about 17,000?16,000 BP (uncalibrated), during the early part of the Oldest Dryas pollen zone. Now with 65 14C dates, El Mir?n is one of the most thoroughly dated prehistoric sites in western Europe. The until-now poorly dated, but very distinctive Initial Cantabrian Magdalenian lithic artifact assemblages are briefly summarized.
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early magdalenian variability new evidence from el miron cave Cantabria spain
Journal of Field Archaeology, 2008Co-Authors: Lawrence Guy Straus, Manuel Gonzalez R Morales, Elizabeth B StewartAbstract:AbstractOne of the most important and longstanding debates in Paleolithic prehistory is over the significance of interassemblage variability. The problem of variability among artifact assemblages pertaining to the Lower Cantabrian Magdalenian phenomenon (ca. 16,000–14,000 uncalibrated years B.P.) is much like the Mousterian facies question, but with far less international attention. Are the different assemblage types temporal, stylistic, or functional in nature, or are they merely products of the vagaries of archaeological sampling? Ongoing excavations in separate areas of the large El Miron Cave in the Cantabrian Cordillera are yielding the same range of assemblage variability demonstrated for classic lowland coastal zone sites such as Altamira and El Juyo. Here we present a preliminary comparative analysis of the extraordinarily rich and diverse Lower Magdalenian (and Initial Magdalenian, ca. 17,000–16,000 uncalibrated years B.P.) contents of a sondage excavated in the center of the El Miron vestibule a...
Federico Bernaldo De Quirós - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi isotope investigations of ungulate bones and teeth from el castillo and covalejos caves Cantabria spain implications for paleoenvironment reconstructions across the middle upper palaeolithic transition
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Federico Bernaldo De Quirós, Jennifer R Jones, Michael P Richards, Hazel Reade, Ana B MarinarroyoAbstract:The Cantabrian region of Northern Spain was an important area of human occupation during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic as the rich archaeological record demonstrates. The environmental conditions experienced by late Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) in the region during MIS3 are still poorly known, but are crucial to understand the role climatic instability could have had on the adaptations of these populations. In this study, a series of archaeological levels with Mousterian and Aurignacian artefact assemblages, dating between 49 and 35 ka uncal. BP, from the sites of El Castillo and Covalejos caves in Cantabria were studied using multi-isotope techniques including bone collagen δ13C, δ15N and δ34S analysis and a pilot study based on tooth enamel δ18O and δ13C. Results at Covalejos indicate a large range in δ15N values observable within both Mousterian Level D and Aurignacian Level B, suggesting the presence of different micro-environments within the local area at certain times during each temporal period. Within Aurignacian Level C and Mousterian Level J, the δ15N values range is much smaller, but shows consistency in the parts of the landscape being exploited during both times. Neanderthals and AMH appear to have been procuring animals from isotopically similar zones (isozones) when they occupied Covalejos. The variations in δ34S values between levels analysed at Covalejos also implies the use of a variety of hunting locations by both late Neanderthals and AMH. At El Castillo, δ13C and δ15N values show great consistency between levels, indicating that animals were being hunted from the same isozones when the site was presumably occupied by the two human species. The mosaic landscapes of Cantabria may have buffered the sharp environmental fluctuations that occurred during late MIS3 throughout Europe, providing suitable habitats for the key prey ungulate species that were routinely exploited throughout the Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic. This environmental buffering may explain why this southerly, oceanic region was consistently occupied throughout this time of bio-cultural transition.
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esquemas operativos laminares en el musteriense final de la cueva de el castillo puente viesgo Cantabria
Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie I Prehistoria y Arqueología, 2000Co-Authors: Victoria Cabrera Valdes, Federico Bernaldo De Quirós, Jose Manuel Maillo FernandezAbstract:Se presentan una serie de evidencias de la presencia de esquemas operativos laminares y microlaminares en los niveles musterienses de la Cueva del Castillo. Su presencia confirma nuestras hipotesis relativas a la transicion del Paleolitico Medio al Superior en la Region Cantabrica y refuerza la idea del papel de los Neandertales en las transformaciones culturales que dieron lugar al Aurinaciense. We present hiere some evidences of the blade/bladelet production in Mousterian leveis of Cueva del Castillo. This presence confirm our hypothesis in the continuity between the Middie to Upper Palaeolithic in Cantabrian Spain. Also provide us of new data on the role of Neanderthals in the Early Upper Palaeolithic and the formation of the Aurignacian.
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Seasonal variations of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition at El Castillo, Cueva Morin and El Pendo (Cantabria, Spain)
Journal of Human Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Anne Pike-tay, Victoria Cabrera-valdés, Federico Bernaldo De QuirósAbstract:With debate escalating in regard to the prolonged contemporaneity of neandertal and modern human groups in the Franco-Cantabrian region on the one hand, and the late persistence of neandertals (until ca. 28-30,000 B.P.) and Mousterian industries in southern Iberia on the other; sites with Mousterian-Upper Paleolithic sequences from northern Spain play a pivotal role in the ongoing investigation of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in western Europe. An important line of inquiry into the nature of social and economic change from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic is the monitoring of shifts in land use and resource procurement patterns. The recognition of short-term, seasonal patterning in settlement and resource provisioning may provide insights into changes in mobility, territoriality, and social organization that might otherwise be missed. This paper presents results of a seasonality study of fauna from archaeological levels spanning the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition from the sites of El Castillo, El Pendo, and Cueva Morin in Cantabrian Spain. Data concerning season of death and age at death of prey animals presented here are derived from dental growth mark (increment, annuli) analysis. These data, along with other artifactual and faunal evidence suggest to us that: (1) economic strategies and technologies pervasive in the Upper Paleolithic are rooted in the Cantabrian Middle Paleolithic; and, (2) the apparent increase in deposits from the Middle through Upper Paleolithic may be the signature of a gradual increase in logistical economic strategies including the heightened level of social organization required for their implementation.
Anne Pike-tay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal variations of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition at El Castillo, Cueva Morin and El Pendo (Cantabria, Spain)
Journal of Human Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Anne Pike-tay, Victoria Cabrera-valdés, Federico Bernaldo De QuirósAbstract:With debate escalating in regard to the prolonged contemporaneity of neandertal and modern human groups in the Franco-Cantabrian region on the one hand, and the late persistence of neandertals (until ca. 28-30,000 B.P.) and Mousterian industries in southern Iberia on the other; sites with Mousterian-Upper Paleolithic sequences from northern Spain play a pivotal role in the ongoing investigation of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in western Europe. An important line of inquiry into the nature of social and economic change from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic is the monitoring of shifts in land use and resource procurement patterns. The recognition of short-term, seasonal patterning in settlement and resource provisioning may provide insights into changes in mobility, territoriality, and social organization that might otherwise be missed. This paper presents results of a seasonality study of fauna from archaeological levels spanning the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition from the sites of El Castillo, El Pendo, and Cueva Morin in Cantabrian Spain. Data concerning season of death and age at death of prey animals presented here are derived from dental growth mark (increment, annuli) analysis. These data, along with other artifactual and faunal evidence suggest to us that: (1) economic strategies and technologies pervasive in the Upper Paleolithic are rooted in the Cantabrian Middle Paleolithic; and, (2) the apparent increase in deposits from the Middle through Upper Paleolithic may be the signature of a gradual increase in logistical economic strategies including the heightened level of social organization required for their implementation.
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Seasonal variations of the Middle – Upper Paleolithic transition at El Castillo , Cueva Morín and El Pendo ( Cantabria , Spain )
Journal of Human Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Anne Pike-tay, Victoria Cabrere Valdes, Federico Bernaldo De QuirósAbstract:With debate escalating in regard to the prolonged contemporaneity of neandertal and modern human groups in the Franco-Cantabrian region on the one hand, and the late persistence of neandertals (until ca. 28–30,000 B.P.) and Mousterian industries in southern Iberia on the other; sites with Mousterian–Upper Paleolithic sequences from northern Spain play a pivotal role in the ongoing investigation of the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition in western Europe. An import- ant line of inquiry into the nature of social and economic change from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic is the monitoring of shifts in land use and resource procurement patterns. The recognition of short-term, seasonal patterning in settlement and resource provisioning may provide insights into changes in mobility, territoriality, and social organization that might otherwise be missed. This paper presents results of a seasonality study of fauna from archaeological levels spanning the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition from the sites of El Castillo, El Pendo, and Cueva Morín in Cantabrian Spain. Data concerning season of death and age at death of prey animals pre- sented here are derived from dental growth mark (increment, annuli) analysis. These data, along with other artifactual and faunal evidence suggest to us that: (1) economic strategies and technologies pervasive in the Upper Paleolithic are rooted in the Cantabrian Middle Paleo- lithic; and, (2) the apparent increase in deposits from the Middle through Upper Paleolithic may be the signature of a gradual increase in logistical economic strategies including the heightened level of social organization required for their implementation.
Miguel Delgadorodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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smoking among pregnant women in Cantabria spain trend and determinants of smoking cessation
BMC Public Health, 2007Co-Authors: Silvia Palma, Rocio Pereziglesias, Rosa Pardocrespo, Javier Llorca, Marcial Mariscal, Miguel DelgadorodriguezAbstract:Background Cantabria (Spain) has one of the highest prevalence of smoking among women of the European Union. The objectives are to assess the trend of smoking during pregnancy in a five-year period and the determinants of smoking cessation during pregnancy in Cantabria.