The Experts below are selected from a list of 8208 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bernd Hanfling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development and application of environmental dna surveillance for the threatened crucian carp carassius carassius
Freshwater Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Lynsey R Harper, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Nathan P Griffiths, Daniel S Read, Kirsten J Harper, Rosetta C Blackman, Bernd HanflingAbstract:The crucian carp (carassius carassius ) is one of few fish species associated with small ponds in the UK. These populations contain genetic diversity not found in Europe and are important to conservation efforts for the species which has declined across its range in Europe. Detection and monitoring of extant crucian carp populations are crucial for conservation success. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis could be very useful in this respect as a rapid, cost‐efficient monitoring tool. We developed a species‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for eDNA surveillance of crucian carp to enable non‐invasive, large‐scale distribution monitoring. We compared fyke netting and eDNA analysis at ponds with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) crucian carp for presence–absence detection. We examined biotic (crucian carp density represented by catch‐per‐unit‐effort [CPUE] estimate) and abiotic influences on eDNA detection probability using a hierarchical occupancy model, and eDNA quantification using a mixed‐effects model. eDNA analysis achieved 90% detection for crucian carp (n = 10), failing in only one pond where presence was known. CPUE estimate and conductivity had positive and negative influences on eDNA detection probability in qPCR replicates respectively. Similarly, conductivity had a negative effect on DNA copy number, whereas copy number increased with CPUE estimate. Our results demonstrate that eDNA analysis could enable detection of crucian carp populations in ponds and benefit ongoing conservation efforts, but imperfect species detection in relation to biotic and abiotic factors and eDNA workflow requires further investigation. Nonetheless, we have established an eDNA framework for the crucian carp as well as sources of imperfect detection which future investigations can build upon.
-
Genetic evidence challenges the native status of a threatened freshwater fish (carassius carassius) in England.
Ecology and evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Gregory E. Maes, Bernd HanflingAbstract:A fundamental consideration for the conservation of a species is the extent of its native range, that is, regions naturally colonized. However, both natural processes and human-mediated introductions can drive species distribution shifts. Ruling out the human-mediated introduction of a species into a given region is vital for its conservation, but remains a significant challenge in most cases. The crucian carp carassius carassius (L.) is a threatened freshwater fish thought to be native to much of Europe. However, its native status in England is based only on anecdotal evidence. Here, we devise an approach that can be used to empirically test the native status of English fauna. We use this approach, along with 13 microsatellite loci, population structure analyses, and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), to test hypotheses for the origins of C. carassius in England. Contrary to the current consensus, we find strong support for the human-mediated introduction of C. carassius into England during the 15th century. This result stimulates an interesting and timely debate surrounding motivations for the conservation of species. We discuss this topic, and the potential for continued conservation of C. carassius in England, despite its non-native origins.
-
comparing radseq and microsatellites to infer complex phylogeographic patterns an empirical perspective in the crucian carp carassius carassius l
Molecular Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Hakan K Olsen, Carl D Sayer, Bernd HanflingAbstract:The conservation of threatened species must be underpinned by phylogeographic knowledge. This need is epitomised by the freshwater fish carassius carassius, which is in decline across much of its E ...
-
Genetic evidence challenges the native status of a threatened freshwater fish (carassius carassius) in England
2015Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Bernd HanflingAbstract:A fundamental consideration for the conservation of a species is the extent of its native range, however defining a native range is often challenging as changing environments drive shifts in species distributions over time. The crucian carp, carassius carassius (L.) is a threatened freshwater fish native to much of Europe, however the extent of this range is ambiguous. One particularly contentious region is England, in which C. carassius is currently considered native on the basis of anecdotal evidence. Here, we use 13 microsatellite loci, population structure analyses and approximate bayesian computation (ABC), to empirically test the native status of C. carassius in England. Contrary to the current consensus, ABC yields strong support for introduced origins of C. carassius in England, with posterior distribution estimates placing their introduction in the 15th century, well after the loss of the doggerland landbridge. This result brings to light an interesting and timely debate surrounding our motivations for the conservation of species. We discuss this topic, and make arguments for the continued conservation of C. carassius in England, despite its non-native origins.
Gordon H Copp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Genetic evidence challenges the native status of a threatened freshwater fish (carassius carassius) in England.
Ecology and evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Gregory E. Maes, Bernd HanflingAbstract:A fundamental consideration for the conservation of a species is the extent of its native range, that is, regions naturally colonized. However, both natural processes and human-mediated introductions can drive species distribution shifts. Ruling out the human-mediated introduction of a species into a given region is vital for its conservation, but remains a significant challenge in most cases. The crucian carp carassius carassius (L.) is a threatened freshwater fish thought to be native to much of Europe. However, its native status in England is based only on anecdotal evidence. Here, we devise an approach that can be used to empirically test the native status of English fauna. We use this approach, along with 13 microsatellite loci, population structure analyses, and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), to test hypotheses for the origins of C. carassius in England. Contrary to the current consensus, we find strong support for the human-mediated introduction of C. carassius into England during the 15th century. This result stimulates an interesting and timely debate surrounding motivations for the conservation of species. We discuss this topic, and the potential for continued conservation of C. carassius in England, despite its non-native origins.
-
comparing radseq and microsatellites to infer complex phylogeographic patterns an empirical perspective in the crucian carp carassius carassius l
Molecular Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Hakan K Olsen, Carl D Sayer, Bernd HanflingAbstract:The conservation of threatened species must be underpinned by phylogeographic knowledge. This need is epitomised by the freshwater fish carassius carassius, which is in decline across much of its E ...
-
Genetic evidence challenges the native status of a threatened freshwater fish (carassius carassius) in England
2015Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Bernd HanflingAbstract:A fundamental consideration for the conservation of a species is the extent of its native range, however defining a native range is often challenging as changing environments drive shifts in species distributions over time. The crucian carp, carassius carassius (L.) is a threatened freshwater fish native to much of Europe, however the extent of this range is ambiguous. One particularly contentious region is England, in which C. carassius is currently considered native on the basis of anecdotal evidence. Here, we use 13 microsatellite loci, population structure analyses and approximate bayesian computation (ABC), to empirically test the native status of C. carassius in England. Contrary to the current consensus, ABC yields strong support for introduced origins of C. carassius in England, with posterior distribution estimates placing their introduction in the 15th century, well after the loss of the doggerland landbridge. This result brings to light an interesting and timely debate surrounding our motivations for the conservation of species. We discuss this topic, and make arguments for the continued conservation of C. carassius in England, despite its non-native origins.
-
Growth and reproduction of introduced goldfish carassius auratus in small ponds of southeast England with and without native crucian carp carassius carassius.
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2010Co-Authors: A. S. Tarkan, Julien Cucherousset, Grzegorz Zięba, Michael J. Godard, Gordon H CoppAbstract:Summary The ornamental Asiatic species, goldfish carassius auratus, was introduced to open waters of the UK in the late 17th century. The species reproduces readily in small ponds and threatens native species, in particular crucian carp carassius carassius, but surprisingly there are no known published studies on the growth and reproduction of feral pond populations of this species in the UK and relatively few elsewhere. The aim of the present study was to assess the growth (back-calculated length at age), body condition and reproduction (fecundity, egg size, length and age at maturity) of goldfish living in small ponds of Epping Forest (northeast London, England), either alone (allopatry) or with (sympatry) native crucian carp, in order to provide the necessary background information to inform the risk assessment of this non-native fish species. Growth increments in the allopatric goldfish populations were similar, with progressively declining growth increments with increasing age. This contrasts with goldfish living in sympatry with crucian carp carassius carassius, where growth increments remained high for ages 1–2, 2–3 and 3–4. Body condition values varied little, but goldfish living in allopatry had significantly greater condition than those living in sympatry with crucian carp. Sexual maturity was achieved by at least some age 1+ fish in all populations, with young mean ages (1.0–1.7 years) and short mean standard lengths (50.0–63.4 mm SL) at maturity in females relative to an introduced population in Italy (2.1 years and 139.2 mm SL, respectively). The results are discussed within the context of life-history theory.
-
Management of an ornamental pond as a conservation site for a threatened native fish species, crucian carp carassius carassius
Hydrobiologia, 2007Co-Authors: Gordon H Copp, S. Warrington, K. J. WesleyAbstract:Ornamental ponds are important sites for conserving threatened native fish species (e.g. crucian carp carassius carassius L.), but pond management plans rarely include considerations of native fishes. We developed and implemented a management plan for a small (0.8 h), ornamental estate pond in Hertfordshire (England) using historical information (aquatic plant and animal surveys) and a 9-year data set on climatic variables and crucian carp body condition. Crucian carp growth was not correlated with climatic variables, but body condition decreased with increasing temperature (in degree-days), which suggests that temperature influences on growth are counter-balanced by environmental factors. Management included the removal of one fish species (to eliminate hybridization with another species) and the introduction of two native species (to re-balance the fish assemblage), a reduction in floating aquatic plants (to reduce shading of the sediments) as well as the use of a chemical agent to compact the pond’s fine sediments and barley straw to enhance invertebrate habitat and thus fish prey production.
Daniel L Jeffries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Genetic evidence challenges the native status of a threatened freshwater fish (carassius carassius) in England.
Ecology and evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Gregory E. Maes, Bernd HanflingAbstract:A fundamental consideration for the conservation of a species is the extent of its native range, that is, regions naturally colonized. However, both natural processes and human-mediated introductions can drive species distribution shifts. Ruling out the human-mediated introduction of a species into a given region is vital for its conservation, but remains a significant challenge in most cases. The crucian carp carassius carassius (L.) is a threatened freshwater fish thought to be native to much of Europe. However, its native status in England is based only on anecdotal evidence. Here, we devise an approach that can be used to empirically test the native status of English fauna. We use this approach, along with 13 microsatellite loci, population structure analyses, and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), to test hypotheses for the origins of C. carassius in England. Contrary to the current consensus, we find strong support for the human-mediated introduction of C. carassius into England during the 15th century. This result stimulates an interesting and timely debate surrounding motivations for the conservation of species. We discuss this topic, and the potential for continued conservation of C. carassius in England, despite its non-native origins.
-
comparing radseq and microsatellites to infer complex phylogeographic patterns an empirical perspective in the crucian carp carassius carassius l
Molecular Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Hakan K Olsen, Carl D Sayer, Bernd HanflingAbstract:The conservation of threatened species must be underpinned by phylogeographic knowledge. This need is epitomised by the freshwater fish carassius carassius, which is in decline across much of its E ...
-
Genetic evidence challenges the native status of a threatened freshwater fish (carassius carassius) in England
2015Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Bernd HanflingAbstract:A fundamental consideration for the conservation of a species is the extent of its native range, however defining a native range is often challenging as changing environments drive shifts in species distributions over time. The crucian carp, carassius carassius (L.) is a threatened freshwater fish native to much of Europe, however the extent of this range is ambiguous. One particularly contentious region is England, in which C. carassius is currently considered native on the basis of anecdotal evidence. Here, we use 13 microsatellite loci, population structure analyses and approximate bayesian computation (ABC), to empirically test the native status of C. carassius in England. Contrary to the current consensus, ABC yields strong support for introduced origins of C. carassius in England, with posterior distribution estimates placing their introduction in the 15th century, well after the loss of the doggerland landbridge. This result brings to light an interesting and timely debate surrounding our motivations for the conservation of species. We discuss this topic, and make arguments for the continued conservation of C. carassius in England, despite its non-native origins.
Göran E. Nilsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Oxygen- and temperature-dependent expression of survival protein kinases in crucian carp (carassius carassius) heart and brain.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory integrative and comparative physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Göran E. Nilsson, Jarle Vaage, Kåre-olav StensløkkenAbstract:Living without oxygen is limited to very few vertebrates, one species being the fresh water fish crucian carp (carassius carassius), which can survive months of anoxia at low temperatures. Mammalia...
-
Intrinsic contractile properties of the crucian carp (carassius carassius) heart during anoxic and acidotic stress
American journal of physiology. Regulatory integrative and comparative physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Jonathan A. W. Stecyk, Bent C. Larsen, Göran E. NilssonAbstract:The crucian carp (carassius carassius) seems unique among vertebrates in its ability to maintain cardiac performance during prolonged anoxia. We investigated whether this phenomenon arises in part from a myocardium tolerant to severe acidosis or because the anoxic crucian carp heart may not experience a severe extracellular acidosis due to the fish's ability to convert lactate to ethanol. Spontaneously contracting heart preparations from cold-acclimated (6-8°C) carp were exposed (at 6.5°C) to graded or ungraded levels of acidosis under normoxic or anoxic conditions and intrinsic contractile performance was assessed. Our results clearly show that the carp heart is tolerant of acidosis as long as oxygen is available. However, heart rate and contraction kinetics of anoxic hearts were severely impaired when extracellular pH was decreased below 7.4. Nevertheless, the crucian carp heart was capable of recovering intrinsic contractile performance upon reoxygenation regardless of the severity of the anoxic + acidotic insult. Finally, we show that increased adrenergic stimulation can ameliorate, to a degree, the negative effects of severe acidosis on the intrinsic contractile properties of the anoxic crucian carp heart. Combined, these findings indicate an avoidance of severe extracellular acidosis and adrenergic stimulation are two important factors protecting the intrinsic contractile properties of the crucian carp heart during prolonged anoxia, and thus likely facilitate the ability of the anoxic crucian carp to maintain cardiac pumping.
-
Expression of genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in anoxic crucian carp brain (carassius carassius).
Physiological genomics, 2008Co-Authors: Stian Ellefsen, Kåre-olav Stensløkken, Cathrine E. Fagernes, Tom Kristensen, Göran E. NilssonAbstract:The crucian carp, carassius carassius, survives days to months without oxygen, depending on temperature. In the anoxic crucian carp brain, increased GABAergic inhibition, mediated by increased extr...
-
Expression of genes involved in excitatory neurotransmission in anoxic crucian carp (carassius carassius) brain.
Physiological genomics, 2008Co-Authors: Stian Ellefsen, Kåre-olav Stensløkken, Tom Kristensen, Guro K. Sandvik, Helene Kile Larsen, Dag Are Steenhoff Hov, Göran E. NilssonAbstract:The crucian carp, carassius carassius, survives months without oxygen. During anoxia it needs to keep energy expenditure low, particularly in the brain, with its high rate of ATP use related to neu...
-
The toxicity of copper to crucian carp (carassius carassius) in soft water.
Science of The Total Environment, 2007Co-Authors: Joachim Schjolden, Göran E. Nilsson, Jørgen Sørensen, Antonio B.s. PoléoAbstract:Abstract Crucian carp (carassius carassius) were exposed to a Cu rich medium (pH 6.6, conductivity 25 μS/cm, 2.91 mg Ca2+/l, approximately 300 μg Cu2+/l). Untreated department water (pH 6.6, conductivity 25 μS/cm, 2.91 mg Ca2+/l) acted as control. Mortality in crucian carp was first observed after 13 days of exposure to the Cu rich medium. There were, however, significant changes in haematocrit, plasma chloride, plasma sodium and water content in muscle in fish exposed to the Cu rich medium after two days. After 14 days of exposure to copper, haematocrit increased to 52 ± 2% (control: between 37 and 40%), plasma chloride decreased to 45 ± 5 mmol/l (control: 99–106 mmol/l), plasma sodium decreased to 81 ± 6 mmol/l (control: 116–137 mmol/l), and water content in muscle increased to 83.0 ± 0.3% (control: 78.7–79.9%). No apparent changes in blood ethanol, and minor changes in plasma lactate were observed in copper exposed fish. Analyses of the gills revealed an increasing concentration of copper on the gills from fish exposed to Cu rich water. After 14 days, the concentration of copper accumulated in the gill was 12.8 ± 4.1 μg Cu/g wet weight (control: 0.91–1.19 μg Cu/g wet weight). A reduction of the respiratory area in fish exposed to copper was observed, in terms of both lamellar and filamental fusion. The normoxic O2 uptake did not change, but the critical oxygen tension was elevated to 6.12 ± 1.04 mg O2/l after a 6 day exposure to copper (control: 1.03 ± 0.05 mg O2/l). This study shows that crucian carp has a higher tolerance to copper compared to other freshwater fish species. Our results suggest that this tolerance is based on the ability of crucian carp to avoid becoming hypoxic as well as an extreme tolerance to severe loss of plasma ions.
Lori Lawson Handley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development and application of environmental dna surveillance for the threatened crucian carp carassius carassius
Freshwater Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Lynsey R Harper, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Nathan P Griffiths, Daniel S Read, Kirsten J Harper, Rosetta C Blackman, Bernd HanflingAbstract:The crucian carp (carassius carassius ) is one of few fish species associated with small ponds in the UK. These populations contain genetic diversity not found in Europe and are important to conservation efforts for the species which has declined across its range in Europe. Detection and monitoring of extant crucian carp populations are crucial for conservation success. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis could be very useful in this respect as a rapid, cost‐efficient monitoring tool. We developed a species‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for eDNA surveillance of crucian carp to enable non‐invasive, large‐scale distribution monitoring. We compared fyke netting and eDNA analysis at ponds with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) crucian carp for presence–absence detection. We examined biotic (crucian carp density represented by catch‐per‐unit‐effort [CPUE] estimate) and abiotic influences on eDNA detection probability using a hierarchical occupancy model, and eDNA quantification using a mixed‐effects model. eDNA analysis achieved 90% detection for crucian carp (n = 10), failing in only one pond where presence was known. CPUE estimate and conductivity had positive and negative influences on eDNA detection probability in qPCR replicates respectively. Similarly, conductivity had a negative effect on DNA copy number, whereas copy number increased with CPUE estimate. Our results demonstrate that eDNA analysis could enable detection of crucian carp populations in ponds and benefit ongoing conservation efforts, but imperfect species detection in relation to biotic and abiotic factors and eDNA workflow requires further investigation. Nonetheless, we have established an eDNA framework for the crucian carp as well as sources of imperfect detection which future investigations can build upon.
-
Genetic evidence challenges the native status of a threatened freshwater fish (carassius carassius) in England.
Ecology and evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Gregory E. Maes, Bernd HanflingAbstract:A fundamental consideration for the conservation of a species is the extent of its native range, that is, regions naturally colonized. However, both natural processes and human-mediated introductions can drive species distribution shifts. Ruling out the human-mediated introduction of a species into a given region is vital for its conservation, but remains a significant challenge in most cases. The crucian carp carassius carassius (L.) is a threatened freshwater fish thought to be native to much of Europe. However, its native status in England is based only on anecdotal evidence. Here, we devise an approach that can be used to empirically test the native status of English fauna. We use this approach, along with 13 microsatellite loci, population structure analyses, and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), to test hypotheses for the origins of C. carassius in England. Contrary to the current consensus, we find strong support for the human-mediated introduction of C. carassius into England during the 15th century. This result stimulates an interesting and timely debate surrounding motivations for the conservation of species. We discuss this topic, and the potential for continued conservation of C. carassius in England, despite its non-native origins.
-
comparing radseq and microsatellites to infer complex phylogeographic patterns an empirical perspective in the crucian carp carassius carassius l
Molecular Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Hakan K Olsen, Carl D Sayer, Bernd HanflingAbstract:The conservation of threatened species must be underpinned by phylogeographic knowledge. This need is epitomised by the freshwater fish carassius carassius, which is in decline across much of its E ...
-
Genetic evidence challenges the native status of a threatened freshwater fish (carassius carassius) in England
2015Co-Authors: Daniel L Jeffries, Gordon H Copp, Lori Lawson Handley, Carl D Sayer, Bernd HanflingAbstract:A fundamental consideration for the conservation of a species is the extent of its native range, however defining a native range is often challenging as changing environments drive shifts in species distributions over time. The crucian carp, carassius carassius (L.) is a threatened freshwater fish native to much of Europe, however the extent of this range is ambiguous. One particularly contentious region is England, in which C. carassius is currently considered native on the basis of anecdotal evidence. Here, we use 13 microsatellite loci, population structure analyses and approximate bayesian computation (ABC), to empirically test the native status of C. carassius in England. Contrary to the current consensus, ABC yields strong support for introduced origins of C. carassius in England, with posterior distribution estimates placing their introduction in the 15th century, well after the loss of the doggerland landbridge. This result brings to light an interesting and timely debate surrounding our motivations for the conservation of species. We discuss this topic, and make arguments for the continued conservation of C. carassius in England, despite its non-native origins.