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Charles S. Lieber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin in alcoholic liver disease: mechanisms and clinical implications.
Alcohol, 1999Co-Authors: Charles S. LieberAbstract:Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) is now considered to be the most sensitive and specific biological marker of alcohol abuse. The mechanism by which chronic alcohol consumption causes an elevation of CDT levels in serum is discussed. The sensitivity and specificity of various test procedures are compared, with special emphasis on the impact of liver disease. Clinical applications are reviewed, including the utility of CDT as a marker of relapse in alcoholic patients, and the use of CDT for the systematic screening of drinking in vulnerable populations as part of a public health approach to alcoholism.
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Serum Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin: Mechanism of increase after chronic alcohol intake
Hepatology, 1995Co-Authors: Yan Xin, Jerome M. Lasker, Charles S. LieberAbstract:Abstract Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) is now considered to be the most sensitive and specific biological marker of alcohol abuse. However, the mechanism by which chronic alcohol consumption causes an elevation of CDT levels in serum is still not understood. Therefore, we fed eight pairs of male rats a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing either alcohol (36% of energy) or isocaloric dextrose (control) for 4 weeks, after which blood and liver samples were obtained. Serum CDT content in alcohol-treated rats increased by 45% ( P P N -acetylglucosamine transferase ( N -AGT), which are glycosyltransferases involved in Transferrin Carbohydrate side chain synthesis, were diminished by 24% and 40% ( P P P
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serum Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin mechanism of increase after chronic alcohol intake
Hepatology, 1995Co-Authors: Yan Xin, Jerome M. Lasker, Charles S. LieberAbstract:Abstract Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) is now considered to be the most sensitive and specific biological marker of alcohol abuse. However, the mechanism by which chronic alcohol consumption causes an elevation of CDT levels in serum is still not understood. Therefore, we fed eight pairs of male rats a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing either alcohol (36% of energy) or isocaloric dextrose (control) for 4 weeks, after which blood and liver samples were obtained. Serum CDT content in alcohol-treated rats increased by 45% ( P P N -acetylglucosamine transferase ( N -AGT), which are glycosyltransferases involved in Transferrin Carbohydrate side chain synthesis, were diminished by 24% and 40% ( P P P
Anders Helander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Insufficient Standardization of a Direct Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin Immunoassay
Clinical Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Anders Helander, Gunnar NordinAbstract:Measurement of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) can reveal alcohol-related changes in the serum Transferrin glycosylation pattern. CDT is a more alcohol-specific indicator than liver-function tests and is used for identification and follow-up of chronic high alcohol consumption(1). Therefore stable calibration of the assays is very important. Comparison of CDT results between methods has often been hindered by method-dependent discrepancies in the definition of the measurand (the Transferrin glycoforms covered) and the way results are expressed. With some methods there has been an increased risk for false-positive results(2). The lack of CDT standardization prompted initiation of a working group under the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, whose aim was to define the measurand, select and validate a reference method, and work out procedures for the production of reference materials. The first recommendation was that the fraction of disialoTransferrin to total Transferrin (%disialoTransferrin) should be the primary target for CDT testing, with HPLC as the candidate reference method(3). The performance of individual laboratories and agreement of different methods can be determined through external quality assessment (EQA). A Swedish EQA scheme for CDT has been run by EQUALIS (External …
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Determination of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) in Italy.
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Vincenza Bianchi, Carlo Arfini, Anders HelanderAbstract:Background: Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) in serum is a biomarker of heavy alcohol consumption. In Italy, CDT testing is primarily used for matters of road safety by the commissions that reissue drivers' licenses after alcohol-related offences. The purpose of this study was to examine how CDT determinations are carried out by Italian laboratories. Methods: Public (hospital and university) laboratories, the companies producing CDT assays, and the organizers of two external quality assurance (EQA) programs were approached and telephone interviews were conducted. The study was carried out between October, 2006 and January, 2007, and considered the situation as of 31 December, 2006. Results: In 2006, 142 Italian hospital and university laboratories performed CDT measurements and there were 67 license commissions using different protocols for the evaluation of alcohol abuse. Compared with 2005, the number of laboratories that assayed CDT had doubled in 2006. Several different CDT methods were in routine use and there were large differences in the ways results were expressed and in the cut-off limits applied, even for identical methods and instrumentations. Only approximately one-third of the laboratories participated in an EQA program for CDT. Conclusions: Despite that CDT testing is used almost exclusively for medico-legal purposes in Italy, many different methods, ways of expressing test results, and cut-off limits were routinely applied. This observation points at the urgent need for standardization of CDT measurement.
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Improved HPLC Method for Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Serum
Clinical Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Anders Helander, Asgeir Husa, Jan-olof JeppssonAbstract:Background: There is need for a reference method for Transferrin glycoforms in serum to which routine immunologic methods for the alcohol marker Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) can be traceable. We describe an improved HPLC method for Transferrin glycoforms. Methods: Transferrin was iron-saturated by mixing the serum with ferric nitrilotriacetic acid, and lipoproteins were precipitated with dextran sulfate and calcium chloride. Separation of glycoforms was performed on a SOURCE 15Q anion-exchange column using salt gradient elution. Quantification relied on selective absorbance of the iron–Transferrin complex at 470 nm. The relative amount of each glycoform was calculated as a percentage of the area under the curve, using baseline integration. Results: The HPLC system provided reproducible separation and quantification of the asialo-, monosialo-, disialo-, trisialo-, tetrasialo-, pentasialo-, and hexasialoTransferrin glycoforms. Most importantly, disialo- and trisialoTransferrin were almost baseline separated. The intra- and interassay CV for disialoTransferrin were 6%) trisialoTransferrin, monosialoTransferrin was detected at
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improved hplc method for Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin in serum
Clinical Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Anders Helander, Asgeir Husa, Jan-olof JeppssonAbstract:Background: There is need for a reference method for Transferrin glycoforms in serum to which routine immunologic methods for the alcohol marker Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) can be traceable. We describe an improved HPLC method for Transferrin glycoforms. Methods: Transferrin was iron-saturated by mixing the serum with ferric nitrilotriacetic acid, and lipoproteins were precipitated with dextran sulfate and calcium chloride. Separation of glycoforms was performed on a SOURCE 15Q anion-exchange column using salt gradient elution. Quantification relied on selective absorbance of the iron–Transferrin complex at 470 nm. The relative amount of each glycoform was calculated as a percentage of the area under the curve, using baseline integration. Results: The HPLC system provided reproducible separation and quantification of the asialo-, monosialo-, disialo-, trisialo-, tetrasialo-, pentasialo-, and hexasialoTransferrin glycoforms. Most importantly, disialo- and trisialoTransferrin were almost baseline separated. The intra- and interassay CV for disialoTransferrin were 6%) trisialoTransferrin, monosialoTransferrin was detected at <0.25%. AsialoTransferrin was not detected in control sera, but was detected in 57% of chronic heavy drinkers and in 62% of sera with ≥2% disialoTransferrin. Conclusions: The HPLC method fulfills the requirements of a preliminary reference method for CDT and should work for any combination of serum Transferrin glycoforms. This method could also be useful for confirming positive CDT results by immunoassays in medico-legal cases.
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Multicentre evaluation of a new assay for determination of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin.
Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2003Co-Authors: Markus J. Schwarz, Anders Helander, Ingrid Domke, Pim M. W. Janssens, Johannes Van Pelt, Beate Springer, Manfred Ackenheil, Klaus Bernhardt, Gerhard Weigl, Michael SoykaAbstract:Aims: The analytical performance of the new Tina-quanta% Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (%CDT) was assessed in a multicentre study on Roche/Hitachi analysers. Methods: Intra-assay/total precision studies revealed median coefficients of variation (CVs) of 4.7/7.4% within the sites. Precision between the sites was proven using a serum panel. Results: Inter-laboratory CVs from 6.3 to 10.7% were obtained. The results of the participating laboratories compared well with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV technique fulfilling the criteria of a reference method for %CDT determination (slope 1.03, intercept -0.09% CDT, correlation 0.984). Good agreement was also found with the Axis-Shield %CDT microtitre test. Conclusions: Data from this study indicate that reliable, well standardized %CDT results are obtained using the new assay.
Jan-olof Jeppsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improved HPLC Method for Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Serum
Clinical Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Anders Helander, Asgeir Husa, Jan-olof JeppssonAbstract:Background: There is need for a reference method for Transferrin glycoforms in serum to which routine immunologic methods for the alcohol marker Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) can be traceable. We describe an improved HPLC method for Transferrin glycoforms. Methods: Transferrin was iron-saturated by mixing the serum with ferric nitrilotriacetic acid, and lipoproteins were precipitated with dextran sulfate and calcium chloride. Separation of glycoforms was performed on a SOURCE 15Q anion-exchange column using salt gradient elution. Quantification relied on selective absorbance of the iron–Transferrin complex at 470 nm. The relative amount of each glycoform was calculated as a percentage of the area under the curve, using baseline integration. Results: The HPLC system provided reproducible separation and quantification of the asialo-, monosialo-, disialo-, trisialo-, tetrasialo-, pentasialo-, and hexasialoTransferrin glycoforms. Most importantly, disialo- and trisialoTransferrin were almost baseline separated. The intra- and interassay CV for disialoTransferrin were 6%) trisialoTransferrin, monosialoTransferrin was detected at
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improved hplc method for Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin in serum
Clinical Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Anders Helander, Asgeir Husa, Jan-olof JeppssonAbstract:Background: There is need for a reference method for Transferrin glycoforms in serum to which routine immunologic methods for the alcohol marker Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) can be traceable. We describe an improved HPLC method for Transferrin glycoforms. Methods: Transferrin was iron-saturated by mixing the serum with ferric nitrilotriacetic acid, and lipoproteins were precipitated with dextran sulfate and calcium chloride. Separation of glycoforms was performed on a SOURCE 15Q anion-exchange column using salt gradient elution. Quantification relied on selective absorbance of the iron–Transferrin complex at 470 nm. The relative amount of each glycoform was calculated as a percentage of the area under the curve, using baseline integration. Results: The HPLC system provided reproducible separation and quantification of the asialo-, monosialo-, disialo-, trisialo-, tetrasialo-, pentasialo-, and hexasialoTransferrin glycoforms. Most importantly, disialo- and trisialoTransferrin were almost baseline separated. The intra- and interassay CV for disialoTransferrin were 6%) trisialoTransferrin, monosialoTransferrin was detected at <0.25%. AsialoTransferrin was not detected in control sera, but was detected in 57% of chronic heavy drinkers and in 62% of sera with ≥2% disialoTransferrin. Conclusions: The HPLC method fulfills the requirements of a preliminary reference method for CDT and should work for any combination of serum Transferrin glycoforms. This method could also be useful for confirming positive CDT results by immunoassays in medico-legal cases.
Christian Müller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin for Identification of Drug Overdose Patients at Risk of an Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Clinical Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: C. Köppel, Christian Müller, Norfcert WrobelAbstract:Background: Chronic alcohol abuse is frequent inpatients admitted to the intensive care unit with acute drug overdose. During detoxification, an alcohol withdrawal syndrome may develop in patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. Withdrawal or delirium is associated with serious risks, necessitating early identification of patients at risk. Since the information obtained from the patients or their relatives on alcohol consumption is often unreliable, biochemical markers may be helpful. Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin is considered a highly specific marker (reported maximum specificity 97%, sensitivity 40-85%) for identifying alcohol abuse. Methods: In 20 patients with acute drug overdose and suspected alcohol abuse, Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin was determined by an immunoturbidi-metric assay on admission to the intensive care unit. Eight of the patients had Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin levels above the “positive” threshold and nine in a suspicious range. A “false” negative carbohydr...
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Exclusion of trisialo-Transferrin from Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin measurement: advantage in patients with chronic liver disease?
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 2006Co-Authors: Maximilian Schöniger-hekele, Otto M. Lesch, Doris Hartl, Ramskogler K, Christian MüllerAbstract:BACKGROUND: Biological markers for chronic alcohol consumption like MCV or γGT or Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) are useful, but far from being perfect. In patients with liver disease a reliable marker for chronic alcohol consumption as the underlying etiology is highly needed. Recently, a new ELISA based version of the Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrin (CDT-TRISIALO (−)) assay has been developed, which measures asialo-, monosialo- and disialo Transferrin, but excludes trisialo- Transferrin; that modification suggests higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting recent alcohol consumption in patients. AIMS: The study goal was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicitive value of this new Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrin assay (CDT-TRISIALO (−)) in a group of patients with liver disease and to compare the results with that of the established CDT assay (CDT-TRISIALO (+)). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study population consisted of 110 consecutive patients (male: n = 80 [72.7 %], female: n = 30 [27.3 %]) with liver disease of the following etiologies: chronic alcohol consumption (n = 51 [46.4 %]; Out of them 30 alcohol abusing patients were assessed by cage = 1 and 21 alcohol dependent patients were assessed by cage = 2, chronic viral hepatitis (n = 33 [30.0 %]) including 25 [22.7 %] patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and 8 [7.3 %] patients with chronic hepatitis B infection), haemochromatosis (n = 4 [3.6 %]), mechanical cholestasis (n = 17 [15.5 %]) and other liver diseases (n = 5 [4.6 %] including autoimmune hepatitis (n = 2) and primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 3)). 27.3 % of our patients (n = 30) had no liver cirrhosis whereas the majority (72.7 %, n = 80) had liver cirrhosis. RESULTS: In our population of liver disease patients the CDT-TRISIALO (−) assay had a sensitivity of 72.7 % and specificity of 58.1 % for recent alcohol consumption at the published cutoff level of 2.6 %. The positive predictive value was 34.0 % and the negative predictive value was 87.8 %. Sensitivity and specificity of the CDT-TRISIALO (+) assay at the recommended cutoff level of 4.7 % were similar, 77.3 % and 49.3 %, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 30.9 % and 88.1 %. CDTTRISIALO (+) and CDT-TRISIALO (−) levels increased significantly with higher Child-Pugh stages. CONCLUSION: The newly developed Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin test (CDT-TRISIALO (−)) is of no advantage as compared to the established assay (CDT-TRISIALO (+)) when used in a patient population with liver disease. In that population, normal CDT-TRISIALO (−) helps to exclude recent alcohol consumption; this results from the high negative predictive value of a normal CDT-TRISIALO (−).
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Exclusion of trisialo-Transferrin from Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin measurement: advantage in patients with chronic liver disease?
Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2006Co-Authors: Maximilian Schöniger-hekele, Otto M. Lesch, Katrin Ramskogler, Doris Hartl, Christian MüllerAbstract:Biological markers for chronic alcohol consumption like MCV or gammaGT or Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) are useful, but far from being perfect. In patients with liver disease a reliable marker for chronic alcohol consumption as the underlying etiology is highly needed. Recently, a new ELISA based version of the Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrin (CDT-TRISIALO (-)) assay has been developed, which measures asialo-, monosialo- and disialo Transferrin, but excludes trisialo- Transferrin; that modification suggests higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting recent alcohol consumption in patients. The study goal was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicitive value of this new Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrin assay (CDT-TRISIALO (-)) in a group of patients with liver disease and to compare the results with that of the established CDT assay (CDT-TRISIALO (+)). Our study population consisted of 110 consecutive patients (male: n = 80 [72.7 %], female: n = 30 [27.3 %]) with liver disease of the following etiologies: chronic alcohol consumption (n = 51 [46.4 %]; Out of them 30 alcohol abusing patients were assessed by cage = 1 and 21 alcohol dependent patients were assessed by cage = 2, chronic viral hepatitis (n = 33 [30.0 %]) including 25 [22.7 %] patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and 8 [7.3 %] patients with chronic hepatitis B infection), haemochromatosis (n = 4 [3.6 %]), mechanical cholestasis (n = 17 [15.5 %]) and other liver diseases (n = 5 [4.6 %] including autoimmune hepatitis (n = 2) and primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 3)). 27.3 % of our patients (n = 30) had no liver cirrhosis whereas the majority (72.7 %, n = 80) had liver cirrhosis. In our population of liver disease patients the CDT-TRISIALO (-) assay had a sensitivity of 72.7 % and specificity of 58.1 % for recent alcohol consumption at the published cutoff level of 2.6 %. The positive predictive value was 34.0 % and the negative predictive value was 87.8 %. Sensitivity and specificity of the CDT-TRISIALO (+) assay at the recommended cutoff level of 4.7 % were similar, 77.3 % and 49.3 %, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 30.9 % and 88.1 %. CDTTRISIALO (+) and CDT-TRISIALO (-) levels increased significantly with higher Child-Pugh stages. The newly developed Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin test (CDT-TRISIALO (-)) is of no advantage as compared to the established assay (CDT-TRISIALO (+)) when used in a patient population with liver disease. In that population, normal CDT-TRISIALO (-) helps to exclude recent alcohol consumption; this results from the high negative predictive value of a normal CDT-TRISIALO (-).
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Superiority of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin to γ-Glutamyltransferase in Detecting Relapse in Alcoholism
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1997Co-Authors: Lutz G. Schmidt, Kai Schmidt, P. Dufeu, Albrecht Ohse, Hans Rommelspacher, Christian MüllerAbstract:Objective: The usefulness of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin is widely accepted in screening (male) population samples for heavy alcohol consumption, but its role in relapse detection is not convincingly established. The authors therefore compared the diagnostic value of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin with the commonly used γ-glutamyltransferase in identifying relapsed alcoholics during outpatient aftercare. Method: The patients were 101 male alcoholics who entered a 6-month rehabilitation program after hospital detoxification. Drinking status was assessed by means of self- and collateral reports obtained during regular contacts with the rehabilitation team; relapse was defined as consumption of any alcohol. Visits occurred weekly during month 1, biweekly during month 2, and every 4 weeks during months 3‐6. At every visit a blood sample was taken for measurement of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin and γ-glutamyltransferase. Results: The proportion of men who reported relapse was 25.6% per scheduled contact on average. Positive predictive values indicated that relapse was identified with a 76.2% probability by Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin values above the upper normal limit, in contrast to a 32.9% chance with γ-glutamyltransferase. Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin was especially useful in detecting early relapses during the initial rehabilitation phase, when γ-glutamyltransferase values had not normalized. Because of the longer half-life of γ-glutamyltransferase, it had some value with a 4-week monitoring schedule in detecting new drinking episodes in alcoholics whose previous results had been normal. Conclusions: Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin proved to be superior to γ-glutamyltransferase in relapse detection in an outpatient care setting for alcoholics. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:75‐80)
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Elevated levels of serum Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin are not specific for alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease
Journal of Hepatology, 1995Co-Authors: Markus Radosavljevic, Eva Temsch, Johannes Hammer, F. Pfeffel, Gert Mayer, Friedrich Renner, Johann Pidlich, Christian MüllerAbstract:Abstract Background: Serum Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin is a marker of chronic alcohol consumption; it increases above normal in healthy individuals after a daily alcohol intake of more than 60 g/d for more than 2 weeks. The influence of liver disease itself on Carbohydrates Deficient Transferrin levels has not been sufficiently established. Methods: We investigated serum levels of Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin in 196 consecutive patients admitted to our Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit and correlated this parameter with the patients' statements about alcohol intake during the previous 2 weeks and with other markers of chronic alcohol consumption. Results: In our patient population, Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin had the best overall performance with respect to sensitivity (88%), specificity (82%), and negative predictive value (98%), as compared to other markers, although specificity was much lower than previously reported in patients without liver disease. In the group of patients with liver disease, sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 73%, respectively, and in patients without liver disease, 80% and 88%. The negative predictive value was excellent (96% for patients with liver disease and 99% for patients without liver disease). Conclusions: Thus, in a patient with a negative interview for chronic alcohol abuse and normal Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin level, alcohol is unlikely to be the cause of liver disease, and further investigations to establish the etiology of liver disease are warranted. An increased Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin level, however, cannot be regarded as reliable evidence for chronic alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease.
Kevin J. Fagan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diagnostic sensitivity of Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin in heavy drinkers
BMC Gastroenterology, 2014Co-Authors: Kevin J. Fagan, Katharine M. Irvine, Brett C. Mcwhinney, Leigh U. Horsfall, Lambro A. Johnson, L M Fletcher, Peter OrourkeAbstract:Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) is the most specific serum biomarker of heavy alcohol consumption, defined as ≥ 350–420 g alcohol/week. Despite introduction of a standardized reference measurement technique, widespread use of CDT remains limited due to low sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect diagnostic sensitivity in patients with sustained heavy alcohol intake. Patients with a self-reported history of sustained heavy alcohol consumption were recruited from the hepatology outpatient department or medical wards. Each patient was interviewed with a validated structured questionnaire of alcohol consumption and CDT analysis using the standardized reference measurement technique with high performance liquid chromatography was performed on serum collected at time of interview. 52 patients were recruited: 19 from the hepatology outpatient department and 33 from general medical wards. Median alcohol intake was 1013 (range 366–5880) g/week over the preceding two week period. 26 patients had a diagnostic CDT based on a threshold value of %CDT > 1.7 indicating heavy alcohol consumption, yielding a sensitivity of 50%. Overweight/obesity (defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 in Caucasians and ≥ 23.0 kg/m2 in Asians), female gender and presence of cirrhosis were independently associated with non-diagnostic %CDT (≤ 1.7). CDT has limited sensitivity as a biomarker of heavy alcohol consumption. Caution should be applied when ordering and interpreting %CDT results, particularly in women, patients with cirrhosis and those with an elevated BMI.
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bmi but not stage or etiology of nonalcoholic liver disease affects the diagnostic utility of Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2013Co-Authors: Kevin J. Fagan, Katharine M. Irvine, Brett C. Mcwhinney, Leigh U. Horsfall, Lambro A. Johnson, Andrew D. Clouston, Julie R. Jonsson, L M Fletcher, Peter OrourkeAbstract:BackgroundA reliable biomarker is required in hepatology clinics for detection and follow-up of heavy alcohol consumption. Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) increases with sustained heavy alcohol consumption and is the most specific biomarker of ethanol (EtOH) consumption. Recent introduction of a standardized method for measuring CDT has improved its clinical application. This study was designed to determine whether alcohol-independent factors influence CDT levels in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).
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BMI But Not Stage or Etiology of Nonalcoholic Liver Disease Affects the Diagnostic Utility of Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2013Co-Authors: Kevin J. Fagan, Linda M. Fletcher, Katharine M. Irvine, Brett C. Mcwhinney, Leigh U. Horsfall, Lambro A. Johnson, Andrew D. Clouston, Julie R. Jonsson, Peter O'rourke, Jennifer H. MartinAbstract:BackgroundA reliable biomarker is required in hepatology clinics for detection and follow-up of heavy alcohol consumption. Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) increases with sustained heavy alcohol consumption and is the most specific biomarker of ethanol (EtOH) consumption. Recent introduction of a standardized method for measuring CDT has improved its clinical application. This study was designed to determine whether alcohol-independent factors influence CDT levels in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).