The Experts below are selected from a list of 37806 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Frederick F Samaha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a randomized study comparing the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and c reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity
The American Journal of Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Prakash Seshadri, Monica Williams, Kathryn L Chicano, Denise A Daily, Joyce Mcgrory, Edward J Gracely, Linda Stern, Nayyar Iqbal, Daniel J. Rader, Frederick F SamahaAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a low-Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional (fat- and calorie-restricted) Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and inflammation in severely obese subjects. METHODS: We compared changes in lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in 78 severely obese subjects, including 86% with either diabetes or metabolic syndrome, who were randomly assigned to either a low-Carbohydrate or conventional Diet for 6 months. RESULTS: Subjects on a low-Carbohydrate Diet experienced a greater decrease in large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (difference = -0.26 mg/dL, P = 0.03) but more frequently developed detectable chylomicrons (44% vs. 22%, P = 0.04). Both Diet groups experienced similar decreases in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (difference = -30 nmol/L, P = 0.74) and increases in large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (difference = 0.70 mg/dL, P = 0.63). Overall, C-reactive protein levels decreased modestly in both Diet groups. However, patients with a high-risk baseline level (>3 mg/dL, n = 48) experienced a greater decrease in C-reactive protein levels on a low-Carbohydrate Diet (adjusted difference = -2.0 mg/dL, P = 0.005), independent of weight loss. CONCLUSION: In this 6-month study involving severely obese subjects, we found an overall favorable effect of a low-Carbohydrate Diet on lipoprotein subfractions, and on inflammation in high-risk subjects. Both Diets had similar effects on LDL and HDL subfractions.
-
a randomized study comparing the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and c reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity
The American Journal of Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Prakash Seshadri, Monica Williams, Kathryn L Chicano, Denise A Daily, Joyce Mcgrory, Edward J Gracely, Linda Stern, Nayyar Iqbal, Daniel J. Rader, Frederick F SamahaAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a low-Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional (fat- and calorie-restricted) Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and inflammation in severely obese subjects. METHODS: We compared changes in lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in 78 severely obese subjects, including 86% with either diabetes or metabolic syndrome, who were randomly assigned to either a low-Carbohydrate or conventional Diet for 6 months. RESULTS: Subjects on a low-Carbohydrate Diet experienced a greater decrease in large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (difference = -0.26 mg/dL, P = 0.03) but more frequently developed detectable chylomicrons (44% vs. 22%, P = 0.04). Both Diet groups experienced similar decreases in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (difference = -30 nmol/L, P = 0.74) and increases in large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (difference = 0.70 mg/dL, P = 0.63). Overall, C-reactive protein levels decreased modestly in both Diet groups. However, patients with a high-risk baseline level (>3 mg/dL, n = 48) experienced a greater decrease in C-reactive protein levels on a low-Carbohydrate Diet (adjusted difference = -2.0 mg/dL, P = 0.005), independent of weight loss. CONCLUSION: In this 6-month study involving severely obese subjects, we found an overall favorable effect of a low-Carbohydrate Diet on lipoprotein subfractions, and on inflammation in high-risk subjects. Both Diets had similar effects on LDL and HDL subfractions.
Prakash Seshadri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a randomized study comparing the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and c reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity
The American Journal of Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Prakash Seshadri, Monica Williams, Kathryn L Chicano, Denise A Daily, Joyce Mcgrory, Edward J Gracely, Linda Stern, Nayyar Iqbal, Daniel J. Rader, Frederick F SamahaAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a low-Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional (fat- and calorie-restricted) Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and inflammation in severely obese subjects. METHODS: We compared changes in lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in 78 severely obese subjects, including 86% with either diabetes or metabolic syndrome, who were randomly assigned to either a low-Carbohydrate or conventional Diet for 6 months. RESULTS: Subjects on a low-Carbohydrate Diet experienced a greater decrease in large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (difference = -0.26 mg/dL, P = 0.03) but more frequently developed detectable chylomicrons (44% vs. 22%, P = 0.04). Both Diet groups experienced similar decreases in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (difference = -30 nmol/L, P = 0.74) and increases in large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (difference = 0.70 mg/dL, P = 0.63). Overall, C-reactive protein levels decreased modestly in both Diet groups. However, patients with a high-risk baseline level (>3 mg/dL, n = 48) experienced a greater decrease in C-reactive protein levels on a low-Carbohydrate Diet (adjusted difference = -2.0 mg/dL, P = 0.005), independent of weight loss. CONCLUSION: In this 6-month study involving severely obese subjects, we found an overall favorable effect of a low-Carbohydrate Diet on lipoprotein subfractions, and on inflammation in high-risk subjects. Both Diets had similar effects on LDL and HDL subfractions.
-
a randomized study comparing the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and c reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity
The American Journal of Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Prakash Seshadri, Monica Williams, Kathryn L Chicano, Denise A Daily, Joyce Mcgrory, Edward J Gracely, Linda Stern, Nayyar Iqbal, Daniel J. Rader, Frederick F SamahaAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a low-Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional (fat- and calorie-restricted) Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and inflammation in severely obese subjects. METHODS: We compared changes in lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in 78 severely obese subjects, including 86% with either diabetes or metabolic syndrome, who were randomly assigned to either a low-Carbohydrate or conventional Diet for 6 months. RESULTS: Subjects on a low-Carbohydrate Diet experienced a greater decrease in large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (difference = -0.26 mg/dL, P = 0.03) but more frequently developed detectable chylomicrons (44% vs. 22%, P = 0.04). Both Diet groups experienced similar decreases in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (difference = -30 nmol/L, P = 0.74) and increases in large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (difference = 0.70 mg/dL, P = 0.63). Overall, C-reactive protein levels decreased modestly in both Diet groups. However, patients with a high-risk baseline level (>3 mg/dL, n = 48) experienced a greater decrease in C-reactive protein levels on a low-Carbohydrate Diet (adjusted difference = -2.0 mg/dL, P = 0.005), independent of weight loss. CONCLUSION: In this 6-month study involving severely obese subjects, we found an overall favorable effect of a low-Carbohydrate Diet on lipoprotein subfractions, and on inflammation in high-risk subjects. Both Diets had similar effects on LDL and HDL subfractions.
Frank B Hu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
abstract p070 a low Carbohydrate Diet from plant or animal sources and mortality among myocardial infarction survivors
Circulation, 2014Co-Authors: Shanshan Li, Kathryn M Rexrode, Alan J Flint, John P Forman, Frank B Hu, Walter C Willett, Kenneth J MukamalAbstract:Background: The healthiest Dietary pattern for myocardial infarction (MI) survivors is not known. Specific long-term benefits of a low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) is unknown, whether it mainly be from animal or vegetable sources. Objective: To examine the associations between post-MI adherence to a low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD), measured by a total, plant- and animal-based low Carbohydrate Diet score (LCDS), in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Design: We included 2,258 women from the Nurses’ Health Study and 1,840 men from the Health Professional Follow-Up Study, who had survived a first MI during follow-up, provided pre-MI and at least one post-MI food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Adherence to a LCD high in animal sources of protein and fat was associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.63 for all-cause mortality; HR= 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08-2.06 for cardiovascular mortality comparing extreme quintiles). An increase in adherence to an animal-...
-
low Carbohydrate Diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Lawrence De Koning, Xiaomei Liao, Teresa T. Fung, Stephanie E Chiuve, Donna Spiegelman, Walter C Willett, Frank B HuAbstract:Background: Fat and protein sources may influence whether low-Carbohydrate Diets are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: The objective was to compare the associations of 3 low-Carbohydrate Diet scores with incident T2D. Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted in participants from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline (n = 40,475) for up to 20 y. Cumulative averages of 3 low-Carbohydrate Diet scores (high total protein and fat, high animal protein and fat, and high vegetable protein and fat) were calculated every 4 y from food-frequency questionnaires and were associated with incident T2D by using Cox models. Results: We documented 2689 cases of T2D during follow-up. After adjustments for age, smoking, physical activity, coffee intake, alcohol intake, family history of T2D, total energy intake, and body mass index, the score for high animal protein and fat was associated with an increased risk of T2D [top compared with bottom quintile; hazard ratio (HR): 1.37; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.58; P for trend < 0.01]. Adjustment for red and processed meat attenuated this association (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.30; P for trend = 0.20). A high score for vegetable protein and fat was not significantly associated with the risk of T2D overall but was inversely associated with T2D in men aged <65 y (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.92; P for trend = 0.01, P for interaction = 0.01). Conclusions: A score representing a low-Carbohydrate Diet high in animal protein and fat was positively associated with the risk of T2D in men. Low-Carbohydrate Diets should obtain protein and fat from foods other than red and processed meat.
-
Low-Carbohydrate Diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Lawrence De Koning, Xiaomei Liao, Teresa T. Fung, Stephanie E Chiuve, Donna Spiegelman, Walter C Willett, Frank B HuAbstract:Background: Fat and protein sources may influence whether low-Carbohydrate Diets are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: The objective was to compare the associations of 3 low-Carbohydrate Diet scores with incident T2D. Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted in participants from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline (n = 40,475) for up to 20 y. Cumulative averages of 3 low-Carbohydrate Diet scores (high total protein and fat, high animal protein and fat, and high vegetable protein and fat) were calculated every 4 y from food-frequency questionnaires and were associated with incident T2D by using Cox models. Results: We documented 2689 cases of T2D during follow-up. After adjustments for age, smoking, physical activity, coffee intake, alcohol intake, family history of T2D, total energy intake, and body mass index, the score for high animal protein and fat was associated with an increased risk of T2D [top compared with bottom quintile; hazard ratio (HR): 1.37; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.58; P for trend < 0.01]. Adjustment for red and processed meat attenuated this association (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.30; P for trend = 0.20). A high score for vegetable protein and fat was not significantly associated with the risk of T2D overall but was inversely associated with T2D in men aged
-
low Carbohydrate Diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Thomas L Halton, Kathryn M Rexrode, Christine M Albert, Walter C Willett, Joann E Manson, Frank B HuAbstract:Background Low-Carbohydrate Diets have been advocated for weight loss and to prevent obesity, but the long-term safety of these Diets has not been determined. Methods We evaluated data on 82,802 women in the Nurses’ Health Study who had completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Data from the questionnaire were used to calculate a low-Carbohydrate-Diet score, which was based on the percentage of energy as Carbohydrate, fat, and protein (a higher score reflects a higher intake of fat and protein and a lower intake of Carbohydrate). The association between the low-Carbohydrate-Diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease was examined. Results During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 1994 new cases of coronary heart disease. After multivariate adjustment, the relative risk of coronary heart disease comparing highest and lowest deciles of the low-Carbohydrate-Diet score was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.18; P for trend = 0.19). The relative risk comparing highest and lowest deciles of a low-Carbohydrate-Diet score on the basis of the percentage of energy from Carbohydrate, animal protein, and animal fat was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.19; P for trend = 0.52), whereas the relative risk on the basis of the percentage of energy from intake of Carbohydrates, vegetable protein, and vegetable fat was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.88; P for trend = 0.002). A higher glycemic load was strongly associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (relative risk comparing highest and lowest deciles, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.15; P for trend = 0.003). Conclusions Our findings suggest that Diets lower in Carbohydrate and higher in protein and fat are not associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease in women. When vegetable sources of fat and protein are chosen, these Diets may moderately reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Daniel J. Rader - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a randomized study comparing the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and c reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity
The American Journal of Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Prakash Seshadri, Monica Williams, Kathryn L Chicano, Denise A Daily, Joyce Mcgrory, Edward J Gracely, Linda Stern, Nayyar Iqbal, Daniel J. Rader, Frederick F SamahaAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a low-Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional (fat- and calorie-restricted) Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and inflammation in severely obese subjects. METHODS: We compared changes in lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in 78 severely obese subjects, including 86% with either diabetes or metabolic syndrome, who were randomly assigned to either a low-Carbohydrate or conventional Diet for 6 months. RESULTS: Subjects on a low-Carbohydrate Diet experienced a greater decrease in large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (difference = -0.26 mg/dL, P = 0.03) but more frequently developed detectable chylomicrons (44% vs. 22%, P = 0.04). Both Diet groups experienced similar decreases in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (difference = -30 nmol/L, P = 0.74) and increases in large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (difference = 0.70 mg/dL, P = 0.63). Overall, C-reactive protein levels decreased modestly in both Diet groups. However, patients with a high-risk baseline level (>3 mg/dL, n = 48) experienced a greater decrease in C-reactive protein levels on a low-Carbohydrate Diet (adjusted difference = -2.0 mg/dL, P = 0.005), independent of weight loss. CONCLUSION: In this 6-month study involving severely obese subjects, we found an overall favorable effect of a low-Carbohydrate Diet on lipoprotein subfractions, and on inflammation in high-risk subjects. Both Diets had similar effects on LDL and HDL subfractions.
-
a randomized study comparing the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and c reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity
The American Journal of Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Prakash Seshadri, Monica Williams, Kathryn L Chicano, Denise A Daily, Joyce Mcgrory, Edward J Gracely, Linda Stern, Nayyar Iqbal, Daniel J. Rader, Frederick F SamahaAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a low-Carbohydrate Diet and a conventional (fat- and calorie-restricted) Diet on lipoprotein subfractions and inflammation in severely obese subjects. METHODS: We compared changes in lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in 78 severely obese subjects, including 86% with either diabetes or metabolic syndrome, who were randomly assigned to either a low-Carbohydrate or conventional Diet for 6 months. RESULTS: Subjects on a low-Carbohydrate Diet experienced a greater decrease in large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (difference = -0.26 mg/dL, P = 0.03) but more frequently developed detectable chylomicrons (44% vs. 22%, P = 0.04). Both Diet groups experienced similar decreases in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (difference = -30 nmol/L, P = 0.74) and increases in large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (difference = 0.70 mg/dL, P = 0.63). Overall, C-reactive protein levels decreased modestly in both Diet groups. However, patients with a high-risk baseline level (>3 mg/dL, n = 48) experienced a greater decrease in C-reactive protein levels on a low-Carbohydrate Diet (adjusted difference = -2.0 mg/dL, P = 0.005), independent of weight loss. CONCLUSION: In this 6-month study involving severely obese subjects, we found an overall favorable effect of a low-Carbohydrate Diet on lipoprotein subfractions, and on inflammation in high-risk subjects. Both Diets had similar effects on LDL and HDL subfractions.
-
a randomized trial of a low Carbohydrate Diet for obesity
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Gary D. Foster, Joel S Edman, Brian G Mcguckin, Philippe Szapary, Carrie Brill, Holly R. Wyatt, James O Hill, Selma B Mohammed, Daniel J. Rader, Samuel KleinAbstract:Background Despite the popularity of the low-Carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat (Atkins) Diet, no randomized, controlled trials have evaluated its efficacy. Methods We conducted a one-year, multicenter, controlled trial involving 63 obese men and women who were randomly assigned to either a low-Carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat Diet or a low-calorie, high-Carbohydrate, low-fat (conventional) Diet. Professional contact was minimal to replicate the approach used by most Dieters. Results Subjects on the low-Carbohydrate Diet had lost more weight than subjects on the conventional Diet at 3 months (mean [±SD], –6.8±5.0 vs. –2.7±3.7 percent of body weight; P=0.001) and 6 months (–7.0±6.5 vs. –3.2±5.6 percent of body weight, P=0.02), but the difference at 12 months was not significant (–4.4±6.7 vs. –2.5±6.3 percent of body weight, P=0.26). After three months, no significant differences were found between the groups in total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. The increase in high-density ...
Lydia A Bazzano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet on appetite a randomized controlled trial
Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Tian Hu, Shengxu Li, Kristi Reynolds, Jiang He, Paul K. Whelton, Lydia A BazzanoAbstract:Abstract Background and aims The relationship between Dietary macronutrient composition and appetite is controversial. We examined the effects of a year-long low-Carbohydrate Diet compared to a low-fat Diet on appetite-related hormones and self-reported change in appetite. Methods and results A total of 148 adults with a body mass index 30–45 kg/m 2 , who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease at baseline were randomly assigned to either a low-Carbohydrate Diet (Carbohydrate [excluding Dietary fiber] Conclusions A low-fat Diet reduced peptide YY more than a low-Carbohydrate Diet. These findings suggest that satiety may be better preserved on a low-Carbohydrate Diet, as compared to a low fat Diet. Trial Registration : clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00609271.
-
the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet vs a low fat Diet on novel cardiovascular risk factors a randomized controlled trial
Nutrients, 2015Co-Authors: Lu Yao, Paul K. Whelton, Kristi Reynolds, Tianhua Niu, Lydia A BazzanoAbstract:Increasing evidence supports a low-Carbohydrate Diet for weight loss and improvement in traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers. Effects on novel CVD markers remain unclear. We examined the effects of a low-Carbohydrate Diet (<40 g/day; n = 75) versus a low-fat Diet (<30% kcal/day from total fat, <7% saturated fat; n = 73) on biomarkers representing inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction in a 12 month clinical trial among 148 obese adults free of diabetes and CVD. Participants met with a study Dietitian on a periodic basis and each Diet group received the same behavioral curriculum which included Dietary instruction and supportive counseling. Eighty percent of participants completed the intervention. At 12 months, participants on the low-Carbohydrate Diet had significantly greater increases in adiponectin (mean difference in change, 1336 ng/mL (95% CI, 342 to 2330 ng/mL); p = 0.009) and greater decreases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 concentrations (-16.8 ng/mL (-32.0 to -1.6 ng/mL); p = 0.031) than those on the low-fat Diet. Changes in other novel CVD markers were not significantly different between groups. In conclusion, despite the differences in weight changes on Diets, a low-Carbohydrate Diet resulted in similar or greater improvement in inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction than a standard low-fat Diet among obese persons.
-
the low Carbohydrate Diet and cardiovascular risk factors evidence from epidemiologic studies
Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Tian Hu, Lydia A BazzanoAbstract:Aims Obesity is an important public health issue because of its high prevalence and concomitant increase in risk of cardiovascular diseases. Low Carbohydrate Diets are popular for weight loss and weight management but are not recommended in leading guidelines due to the perception that increases in Dietary fat intake may lead to an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. To clarify the effects of a low-Carbohydrate Diet for weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk factors as compared to a low fat Diet for weight loss, we systematically reviewed data from randomized controlled clinical trials and large observational studies.