The Experts below are selected from a list of 117123 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
E Fromm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron sputtered tin coatings
International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, 1996Co-Authors: D Muller, Y R Cho, S Berg, E FrommAbstract:Abstract Exeriments for determining the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and high-speed steel substrates have been performed using the three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Sample preparation is easier for the modified shear test, however, interpretation of results is more complicated. The three-point bending test yields fracture mechanics data, such as the interface fracture energy Gc and the fracture toughness Kc. The most critical problem is to prepare a sample with a notch which initiates crack propagation at the film/substrate interface. Various sublayers with weak adhesion have been tested as a notch, such as Carbon, Oxide and metals, as well as thin mechanical slits. The results obtained so far demonstrate that the adhesion strength depends on the substrate cleaning treatment and on the impurity gas content in the receiver. Typical values of the fracture toughness Kc for non-sputtercleaned substrates are in the range 1–3 MN m −2 3 . Advantages and disadvantages of various methods used are analysed and critically discussed with respect to sample preparation, reproducibility and data evaluation.
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fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron sputtered tin coatings
Surface & Coatings Technology, 1993Co-Authors: D Muller, Y R Cho, S Berg, E FrommAbstract:Abstract Experiments for determining the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and high speed steel substrates have been performed by using the three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Sample preparation is easier for the modified shear test; however, the interpretation of results is more complicated. The three-point bending test yields fracture mechanics data such as the interface fracture energy G c and the fracture toughness K c . The most critical problem is to prepare a sample with a notch which initiates crack propagation at the film-substrate interface. Various sublayers with weak adhesion, such as Carbon, Oxide and metals, have been tested as a notch, as well as thin mechanical slits. The results obtained so far demonstrate that the adhesion strength depends on the substrate cleaning treatment and on the impurity gas content in the receiver. Typical values of the fracture toughness K c for substrates that have not been sputter cleaned are in the range 1–3 MN m -3/2 . Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods used are analysed and critically discussed with respect to sample preparation, reproducibility and data evaluation.
D Muller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron sputtered tin coatings
International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, 1996Co-Authors: D Muller, Y R Cho, S Berg, E FrommAbstract:Abstract Exeriments for determining the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and high-speed steel substrates have been performed using the three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Sample preparation is easier for the modified shear test, however, interpretation of results is more complicated. The three-point bending test yields fracture mechanics data, such as the interface fracture energy Gc and the fracture toughness Kc. The most critical problem is to prepare a sample with a notch which initiates crack propagation at the film/substrate interface. Various sublayers with weak adhesion have been tested as a notch, such as Carbon, Oxide and metals, as well as thin mechanical slits. The results obtained so far demonstrate that the adhesion strength depends on the substrate cleaning treatment and on the impurity gas content in the receiver. Typical values of the fracture toughness Kc for non-sputtercleaned substrates are in the range 1–3 MN m −2 3 . Advantages and disadvantages of various methods used are analysed and critically discussed with respect to sample preparation, reproducibility and data evaluation.
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fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron sputtered tin coatings
Surface & Coatings Technology, 1993Co-Authors: D Muller, Y R Cho, S Berg, E FrommAbstract:Abstract Experiments for determining the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and high speed steel substrates have been performed by using the three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Sample preparation is easier for the modified shear test; however, the interpretation of results is more complicated. The three-point bending test yields fracture mechanics data such as the interface fracture energy G c and the fracture toughness K c . The most critical problem is to prepare a sample with a notch which initiates crack propagation at the film-substrate interface. Various sublayers with weak adhesion, such as Carbon, Oxide and metals, have been tested as a notch, as well as thin mechanical slits. The results obtained so far demonstrate that the adhesion strength depends on the substrate cleaning treatment and on the impurity gas content in the receiver. Typical values of the fracture toughness K c for substrates that have not been sputter cleaned are in the range 1–3 MN m -3/2 . Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods used are analysed and critically discussed with respect to sample preparation, reproducibility and data evaluation.
Y R Cho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron sputtered tin coatings
International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, 1996Co-Authors: D Muller, Y R Cho, S Berg, E FrommAbstract:Abstract Exeriments for determining the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and high-speed steel substrates have been performed using the three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Sample preparation is easier for the modified shear test, however, interpretation of results is more complicated. The three-point bending test yields fracture mechanics data, such as the interface fracture energy Gc and the fracture toughness Kc. The most critical problem is to prepare a sample with a notch which initiates crack propagation at the film/substrate interface. Various sublayers with weak adhesion have been tested as a notch, such as Carbon, Oxide and metals, as well as thin mechanical slits. The results obtained so far demonstrate that the adhesion strength depends on the substrate cleaning treatment and on the impurity gas content in the receiver. Typical values of the fracture toughness Kc for non-sputtercleaned substrates are in the range 1–3 MN m −2 3 . Advantages and disadvantages of various methods used are analysed and critically discussed with respect to sample preparation, reproducibility and data evaluation.
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fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron sputtered tin coatings
Surface & Coatings Technology, 1993Co-Authors: D Muller, Y R Cho, S Berg, E FrommAbstract:Abstract Experiments for determining the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and high speed steel substrates have been performed by using the three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Sample preparation is easier for the modified shear test; however, the interpretation of results is more complicated. The three-point bending test yields fracture mechanics data such as the interface fracture energy G c and the fracture toughness K c . The most critical problem is to prepare a sample with a notch which initiates crack propagation at the film-substrate interface. Various sublayers with weak adhesion, such as Carbon, Oxide and metals, have been tested as a notch, as well as thin mechanical slits. The results obtained so far demonstrate that the adhesion strength depends on the substrate cleaning treatment and on the impurity gas content in the receiver. Typical values of the fracture toughness K c for substrates that have not been sputter cleaned are in the range 1–3 MN m -3/2 . Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods used are analysed and critically discussed with respect to sample preparation, reproducibility and data evaluation.
S Berg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron sputtered tin coatings
International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, 1996Co-Authors: D Muller, Y R Cho, S Berg, E FrommAbstract:Abstract Exeriments for determining the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and high-speed steel substrates have been performed using the three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Sample preparation is easier for the modified shear test, however, interpretation of results is more complicated. The three-point bending test yields fracture mechanics data, such as the interface fracture energy Gc and the fracture toughness Kc. The most critical problem is to prepare a sample with a notch which initiates crack propagation at the film/substrate interface. Various sublayers with weak adhesion have been tested as a notch, such as Carbon, Oxide and metals, as well as thin mechanical slits. The results obtained so far demonstrate that the adhesion strength depends on the substrate cleaning treatment and on the impurity gas content in the receiver. Typical values of the fracture toughness Kc for non-sputtercleaned substrates are in the range 1–3 MN m −2 3 . Advantages and disadvantages of various methods used are analysed and critically discussed with respect to sample preparation, reproducibility and data evaluation.
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fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron sputtered tin coatings
Surface & Coatings Technology, 1993Co-Authors: D Muller, Y R Cho, S Berg, E FrommAbstract:Abstract Experiments for determining the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and high speed steel substrates have been performed by using the three-point bending test and a modified shear test. Sample preparation is easier for the modified shear test; however, the interpretation of results is more complicated. The three-point bending test yields fracture mechanics data such as the interface fracture energy G c and the fracture toughness K c . The most critical problem is to prepare a sample with a notch which initiates crack propagation at the film-substrate interface. Various sublayers with weak adhesion, such as Carbon, Oxide and metals, have been tested as a notch, as well as thin mechanical slits. The results obtained so far demonstrate that the adhesion strength depends on the substrate cleaning treatment and on the impurity gas content in the receiver. Typical values of the fracture toughness K c for substrates that have not been sputter cleaned are in the range 1–3 MN m -3/2 . Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods used are analysed and critically discussed with respect to sample preparation, reproducibility and data evaluation.
Vicente Boronat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a rcci operational limits assessment in a medium duty compression ignition engine using an adapted compression ratio
Energy Conversion and Management, 2016Co-Authors: Jesus Benajes, Antonio Garcia, Jose V Pastor, Vicente BoronatAbstract:Abstract Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition concept offers an ultra-low nitrogen Oxide and soot emissions with a high thermal efficiency. This work investigates the capabilities of this low temperature combustion concept to work on the whole map of a medium duty engine proposing strategies to solve its main challenges. In this sense, an extension to high loads of the concept without exceeding mechanical stress as well as a mitigation of Carbon Oxide and unburned hydroCarbons emissions at low load together with a fuel consumption penalty have been identified as main Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition drawbacks. For this purpose, a single cylinder engine derived from commercial four cylinders medium-duty engine with an adapted compression ratio of 12.75 is used. Commercial 95 octane gasoline was used as a low reactivity fuel and commercial diesel as a high reactivity fuel. Thus, the study consists of two different parts. Firstly, the work is focused on the development and evaluation of an engine map trying to achieve the maximum possible load without exceeding a pressure rise rate of 15 bar/CAD. The second part holds on improving fuel consumption and Carbon Oxide and unburned hydroCarbons emissions at low load. Results suggest that it is possible to achieve up to 80% of nominal conventional diesel combustion engine load without overpassing the constraints of pressure rise rate (below 15 bar/CAD) and maximum pressure peak (below 190 bar) while obtaining ultra-low levels of nitrogen Oxide and soot emissions. Regarding low load challenges, it has developed a particular methodology sweeping the gasoline-diesel blend together with intake temperature or exhaust gas recirculation maintaining constant the combustion phasing and ultra-low nitrogen Oxide and soot emissions. As a result a drastic decrease Carbon Oxide and unburned hydroCarbons emissions is obtained with a slight fuel consumption improvement.