The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sudip Maity - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Increasing Carbon Utilization in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using H2-deficient or CO2-rich syngas feeds
Fuel Processing Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Olusola O. James, Adediran M. Mesubi, Tiena C. Ako, Sudip MaityAbstract:Abstract Fischer–Tropsch technology has become a topical issue in the energy industry in recent times. The synthesis of linear hydroCarbon that has high cetane number diesel fuel through the Fischer–Tropsch reaction requires syngas with high H 2 /CO ratio. Nevertheless, the production of syngas from biomass and coal, which have low H 2 /CO ratios or are CO 2 rich may be desirable for environmental and socio-political reasons. Efficient Carbon Utilization in such H 2 -deficient and CO 2 -rich syngas feeds has not been given the required attention. It is desirable to improve Carbon Utilization using such syngas feeds in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis not only for process economy but also for sustainable development. Previous catalyst and process development efforts were directed toward maximising C 5+ selectivity; they are not for achieving high Carbon Utilization with H 2 -deficient and CO 2 -rich syngas feeds. However, current trends in FTS catalyst design hold the potential of achieving high Carbon Utilization with wide option of selectivities. Highlights of the current trends in FTS catalyst design are presented and their prospect for achieving high Carbon Utilization in FTS using H 2 -deficient and CO 2 -rich syngas feeds is discussed.
Hayley J. Ridgway - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measurements of Carbon Utilization by single bacterial species in sterile soil: insights into Rhizobium spp.
Journal of applied microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: K. Wigley, Steven A. Wakelin, Derrick J. Moot, S. Hammond, Hayley J. RidgwayAbstract:Aim The aim of this work was to develop a tool to investigate the influence of soil factors on Carbon Utilization activity of single micro-organisms. Methods and results The assay for Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii in γ-irradiated soil, using the MicroResp(™) system, was optimized for sterility, incubation time, and moisture level. The optimized method was validated with experiments that assessed (i) differences in C Utilization of different rhizobia strains and (ii) how this was affected by soil type. Carbon Utilization differed among strains of the same species (and symbiovar), but some strains were more responsive to the soil environment than others. Conclusions This novel modification of the MicroResp(™) has enabled the scope of Carbon-Utilization patterns of single strains of bacteria, such as Rh. leguminosarum bv. trifolii, to be studied in soil. Significance and impact of the study The system is a new tool with applications in microbial ecology adaptable to the study of many culturable bacterial and fungal soil-borne taxa. It will allow measurement of a micro-organism's ability to utilize common C sources released in rhizosphere exudates to be measured in a physical soil background. This knowledge may improve selection efficiency and deployment of commercial microbial inoculants.
Concepción Iñiguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rubisco carboxylation kinetics and inorganic Carbon Utilization in polar versus cold-temperate seaweeds.
Journal of experimental botany, 2018Co-Authors: Concepción Iñiguez, Jeroni Galmés, Francisco J. L. GordilloAbstract:Despite the high productivity and ecological importance of seaweeds in polar coastal regions, little is known about their Carbon Utilization mechanisms, especially the kinetics of the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco. We analyzed Rubisco carboxylation kinetics at 4 °C and 25 °C in 12 diverse polar seaweed species (including cold-temperate populations of the same species) and the relationship with their ability to use biCarbonate, by using 13C isotope discrimination and pH drift experiments. We observed a large variation in Rubisco carboxylation kinetics among the selected species, although no correlation was found between either the Michaelis-Menten constant for CO2 (Kc) or Rubisco content per total soluble protein ([Rubisco]/[TSP]) and the ability to use biCarbonate for non-green seaweeds. This study reports intraspecific Rubisco cold adaptation by means of either higher Rubisco carboxylation turnover rate (kcatc) and carboxylase efficiency (kcatc/Kc) at 4 °C or higher [Rubisco]/[TSP] in some of the analyzed species. Our data point to a widespread ability for photosynthetic biCarbonate usage among polar seaweeds, despite the higher affinity of Rubisco for CO2 and higher dissolved CO2 concentration in cold seawater. Moreover, the reported catalytic variation within form ID Rubisco might avert the canonical trade-off previously observed between Kc and kcatc for plant Rubiscos.
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increased temperature and co2 alleviate photoinhibition in desmarestia anceps from transcriptomics to Carbon Utilization
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Concepción Iñiguez, Lars Harms, Sandra Heinrich, F. J L GordilloAbstract:Ocean acidification and warming are affecting polar regions with particular intensity. Rocky shores of the Antarctic Peninsula are dominated by canopy-forming Desmarestiales. This study investigates the physiological and transcriptomic responses of the endemic macroalga Desmarestia anceps to a combination of different levels of temperature (2 and 7 °C), dissolved CO2 (380 and 1000 ppm), and irradiance (65 and 145 µmol photons m−2 s−1). Growth and photosynthesis increased at high CO2 conditions, and strongly decreased at 2 °C plus high irradiance, in comparison to the other treatments. Photoinhibition at 2 °C plus high irradiance was evidenced by the photochemical performance and intensive release of dissolved organic Carbon. The highest number of differentially regulated transcripts was observed in thalli exposed to 2 °C plus high irradiance. Algal 13C isotopic discrimination values suggested an absence of down-regulation of Carbon-concentrating mechanisms at high CO2. CO2 enrichment induced few transcriptomic changes. There was high and constitutive gene expression of many photochemical and inorganic Carbon Utilization components, which might be related to the strong adaptation of D. anceps to the Antarctic environment. These results suggest that increased temperature and CO2 will allow D. anceps to maintain its productivity while tolerating higher irradiances than at present conditions.
F. J L Gordillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increased temperature and co2 alleviate photoinhibition in desmarestia anceps from transcriptomics to Carbon Utilization
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Concepción Iñiguez, Lars Harms, Sandra Heinrich, F. J L GordilloAbstract:Ocean acidification and warming are affecting polar regions with particular intensity. Rocky shores of the Antarctic Peninsula are dominated by canopy-forming Desmarestiales. This study investigates the physiological and transcriptomic responses of the endemic macroalga Desmarestia anceps to a combination of different levels of temperature (2 and 7 °C), dissolved CO2 (380 and 1000 ppm), and irradiance (65 and 145 µmol photons m−2 s−1). Growth and photosynthesis increased at high CO2 conditions, and strongly decreased at 2 °C plus high irradiance, in comparison to the other treatments. Photoinhibition at 2 °C plus high irradiance was evidenced by the photochemical performance and intensive release of dissolved organic Carbon. The highest number of differentially regulated transcripts was observed in thalli exposed to 2 °C plus high irradiance. Algal 13C isotopic discrimination values suggested an absence of down-regulation of Carbon-concentrating mechanisms at high CO2. CO2 enrichment induced few transcriptomic changes. There was high and constitutive gene expression of many photochemical and inorganic Carbon Utilization components, which might be related to the strong adaptation of D. anceps to the Antarctic environment. These results suggest that increased temperature and CO2 will allow D. anceps to maintain its productivity while tolerating higher irradiances than at present conditions.
Linfeng Gong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temporal and Spatial Variations of Microbial Carbon Utilization in Water Bodies from the Dajiuhu Peatland, Central China
Journal of Earth Science, 2017Co-Authors: Ruicheng Wang, Hongmei Wang, Xing Xiang, Yu Gao, Qing-wei Song, Linfeng GongAbstract:To investigate the microbial Utilization of organic Carbon in peatland ecosystem, water samples were collected from the Dajiuhu Peatland and nearby lakes, central China across the year of 2014. The acridine orange (AO) staining and Biolog Eco microplates were used to numerate microbial counts and determine the Carbon Utilization of microbial communities. Meanwhile, physicochemical characteristics were measured for subsequent analysis of the correlation between microbial Carbon Utilization and environmental factors. Results indicated that total microbial counts were between 106–107 cells/L. Microbial diversities and Carbon Utilization rates showed a similar pattern, highest in September and lowest in November. Microbial communities in the peat pore waters preferred to utilize N-bearing Carbon sources such as amines and amino acids compared with microbial communities in lakes. The network analysis of microbial Utilization of 31 Carbon substrates clearly distinguished microbial communities from peat pore waters and those from lakes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed the total organic nitrogen content (P=0.03, F=2.5) and daily average temperature (P=0.034, F=2.4) significantly controlled microbial Carbon Utilization throughout the sampling period. Our report is the first one to address the temporal and spatial variations of Carbon Utilization of microbial communities which are closely related to the decomposition of organic matter in the Dajiuhu Peatland in context of climate warming.