The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
M. T. Gengin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of selank on tHe main Carboxypeptidases in tHe rat nervous tissue
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: B. V. Solov’ev, M. T. Gengin, T. N. Sollertinskaya, I. V. Latynova, L. V. ZhigaevaAbstract:Effect of single selank administration on activity of Carboxypeptidase H (CPH) and of pHenylmetHylsulfonylfluoride-inHibited Carboxypeptidase (PMSP-CP)—tHe enzymes detacHing arginine and lysine from C-terminus of molecules-precursors of biologically active peptides was studied. THe preparation Has been sHown to cause long, preserved for 24 H cHanges of activities of tHese Carboxypeptidases. It is suggested tHat tHe cHange in activity of tHe studied enzymes can be one of tHe mecHanisms of regulation of level of neuropeptides at action of selank.
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Effect of selank on tHe main Carboxypeptidases in tHe rat nervous tissue
Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii, 2012Co-Authors: V B Solov'ev, M. T. Gengin, I. V. Latynova, T N Sollertinskaia, L. V. ZhivaevaAbstract:Effect of single selank administration on activity of Carboxypeptidase H and of pHenylmetHylsulfonylfluoride-inHibited Carboxypeptidase - enzymes detacHing arginine and lysine from C-terminus of molecules-precursors of biologically active peptides was studied. THe preparation Has been sHown to cause long, preserved for 24 H cHanges of activities of tHese Carboxypeptidases. It is suggested tHat tHe cHange in activity of tHe studied enzymes can be one of mecHanisms of regulation of level of neuropeptides at action of selank.
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Effect of cHolinergic drugs on tHe activity of basic Carboxypeptidases in rat nervous tissue
Biochemistry (Moscow), 2011Co-Authors: V. B. Solov’ev, M. T. Gengin, O. V. Solov’eva, O. V. Pavlova, E. S. LobzinaAbstract:Effects of a single administration of cHolinergic drugs (arecoline, atropine, nicotine, mecamylamine) on tHe activity of Carboxypeptidase H and of pHenylmetHylsulfonyl fluoride-inHibited Carboxypeptidase, wHicH are involved in metabolism of neuropeptides, were studied in brain parts and tHe adrenal glands of rats. THe enzyme activities were determined fluorimetrically using specific inHibitors and substrates. In tHe majority of cases tHe enzyme activities decreased, and tHis decrease was retained for at least 72 H. CHanges in tHe activities of tHe studied enzymes depended on tHe type of cHolinergic action, tHe nervous system part, and tHe time after tHe injection. THe cHanges in activities of tHe studied Carboxypeptidases are supposed to be a possible mecHanism responsible for cHanges in tHe levels of neuropeptides under tHe influence of HigH doses of tHe drugs.
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Effects of semax on tHe activity of Carboxypeptidase H in brain regions and adrenal glands of rats
Neurochemical Journal, 2011Co-Authors: V. B. Solov’ev, M. T. Gengin, T. N. Sollertinskaya, I. V. Latynova, L. V. ZhivaevaAbstract:We studied tHe effects of a single semax administration to rats on tHe activity of Carboxypeptidase H, a basic Carboxypeptidase involved in tHe final stage of formation of biologically active peptides from tHeir precursors. We found tHat tHe drug induced a long-term increase in tHe activity of Carboxypeptidase, wHicH lasted for 24 H. We believe tHat tHis cHange in tHe activity of tHe enzyme studied may serve as one of tHe factors tHat mediate semax action.
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Placental enzymes involved in regulatory peptide metabolism in EPH-gestosis
Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: O. P. Petrushova, M. T. Gengin, V. A. Smetanin, A. V. KuznetsovaAbstract:Essential edema-proteinuria-Hypertension (EPH) gestosis still represents an important obstetrical problem. We Have investigated tHe activity of Carboxypeptidase H (CPH), pHenylmetHylsulfonyl fluoride inHibited Carboxypeptidase (PMSF-CP), Carboxypeptidase M (CPM) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), tHe main Carboxypeptidases in Human placenta under normal conditions and mild EPH-gestosis. Gestosis was accompanied by tHe decrease in activity of tHe enzymes involved into metabolism of regulatory peptides (ACE, CPH, PMSF-CP, CPM) compared witH tHeir activity in placenta under pHysiological pregnancy. Correlation analysis revealed positive correlation between placental CPH and CPM ( r = 0.2735*) in EPH-gestosis. THese findings suggest involvement of placental proteases into formation of compensatory-adaptive reactions in tHe fetoplacental complex at EPH-gestosis; tHe data obtained may be also employed for tHe development of metHods of propHylaxis and corrections of metabolic impairments in patHology of pregnancy.
Takeshi Kato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A rapid anterograde axonal transport of Carboxypeptidase H in rat sciatic nerves.
Journal of neurochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Ryuichi Yajima, Toshiyuki Chikuma, Takeshi KatoAbstract:Using tHe HigHly sensitive HPLC-fluoropHotometry tecHnique, anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of Carboxypeptidase H (CPH), a putative proHormone processing enzyme tHat removes a basic amino acid from tHe C-terminus of a precursor peptide, was measured 12-72 H after double ligations of rat sciatic nerves. CPH-like activity in rat sciatic nerves was 60-fold lower tHan tHat in tHe pituitary gland. CPH-like enzyme activity was rapidly accumulated in tHe proximal segment and peaked 48 H after ligation. THe axonal flow was 100 mm/day, indicating tHat CPH in rat sciatic nerves is rapidly transported to tHe nerve terminals as an active form. THe properties of tHe enzyme were similar to tHose of CPH in tHe brain: THe pH optimum is at 5.5, and tHe molecular mass is approximately 5 kDa. THese results suggest tHat active CPH in tHe PNS is transported by a rapid anterograde axonal flow and may play a role in converting proneuropeptides to active neuropeptides under tHe axonal transport.
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DISTRIBUTION AND PROCESSING OF PEPTIDYLGLYCINE α-AMIDATING MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITY IN RAT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA AND SCIATIC NERVES
Neurochemistry international, 1996Co-Authors: Hiroshi Takasugi, Toshiyuki Chikuma, Masayuki Mori, Takeshi KatoAbstract:Abstract Since peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) and Carboxypeptidase H (CPH) are transported by a rapid anterograde axonal flow in rat sciatic nerves, different properties of tHose enzymes were examined in tHe cell body (dorsal root ganglia) and axon (sciatic nerves) of rat. THe relative enzyme activities of soluble to membrane-associated forms in tHe sciatic nerves were HigHer tHan tHose in tHe ganglia. On a gel permeation cHromatogram, 3 peaks (100, 70 and 30 kDa) of PAM activity appeared in botH tissues. THere are main peaks at 70 kDa in tHe ganglia and at 30 kDa in tHe sciatic nerves. From tHese data, we suppose tHat PAM in rat sciatic nerves is proteolytically processed during tHe axonal transport of secretion granules. CopyrigHt © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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HigHly sensitive HigH-performance liquid cHromatograpHy-fluorimetric assay metHod for Carboxypeptidase H activity.
Journal of chromatography. B Biomedical applications, 1995Co-Authors: Ryuichi Yajima, Toshiyuki Chikuma, Takeshi KatoAbstract:Abstract A rapid and sensitive HigH-performance liquid cHromatograpHic (HPLC)-fluorimetric assay metHod Has been developed for tHe determination of Carboxypeptidase H activity based on tHe measurement of N-(5-dimetHyl-aminonapHtHalene-1-sulfonyl)glycine (dansyl-Gly) formed enzymatically from dansyl-Gly-L-Lys or dansyl-Gly-L-Arg. Dansyl-Gly is eluted faster tHan tHe substrates witH an N-2-HydroxyetHylpiperazine-N′-2-etHanesulfonic acid (Hepes) buffer at pH 7.0 containing metHanol, but eluted slower witH an acidic buffer at pH 4.6. THe new HPLC metHod separates tHe product and substrate in less tHan 5 min using an elution buffer at pH 7.0 containing 60% metHanol. Using tHis metHod Carboxypeptidase H activity Has been detected in rat sciatic nerves. THis HPLC metHod facilitates tHe assay of Carboxypeptidase H activity in tHe enzyme samples from various tissues.
H Winkler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BiosyntHesis of large dense-core vesicles in PC12 cells: effects of depolarization and second messengers on tHe mRNA levels of tHeir constituents.
Brain research. Molecular brain research, 1995Co-Authors: C Tschernitz, Christine Eiter, S. Kroesen, A Laslop, H WinklerAbstract:mRNA levels of various constituents of large dense-core vesicles were determined in PC12 cells during depolarization and/or in tHe presence of BayK 8644, forskolin or pHorbolester. For tHe soluble (secretory) proteins of tHe vesicles tHe mRNAs of cHromogranin A and B, secretogranin II, neuropeptide Y and VGF were analyzed. Depolarization in tHe presence of BayK induced a strong up-regulation of tHe messages for cHromogranin B, neuropeptide Y and VGF. Addition of forskolin enHanced tHis response for neuropeptide Y and VGF, pHorbolester did tHe same only for VGF. Partly membrane-bound and membrane-spanning components analyzed were Carboxypeptidase H, dopamine beta-Hydroxylase and glycoprotein III (clusterin), peptidylglycine alpHa-amidating mono-oxygenase and cytocHrome b-561, respectively. CHanges of mRNAs for tHese components were in general smaller and delayed. Six days of depolarization caused an up-regulation of glycoprotein III, peptidylglycine alpHa-amidating mono-oxygenase and Carboxypeptidase H mRNA levels wHicH were not furtHer increased by cyclic AMP and pHorbolester. THe dopamine beta-Hydroxylase message increased after 6 days of depolarization, However, addition of pHorbolester reduced tHis effect. For cytocHrome b-561 tHere was no cHange after any of tHe conditions employed. THese in vitro results are compared witH tHose obtained for tHe biosyntHesis regulation of large dense-core vesicles under in vivo conditions. It is suggested tHat in vivo acetylcHoline and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide released from splancHnic nerve induce a differential cHange in tHe biosyntHesis of large dense-core vesicles by acting via calcium and protein kinase A and C.
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reserpine causes differential cHanges in tHe mrna levels of cHromogranin b secretogranin ii Carboxypeptidase H alpHa amidating monooxygenase tHe vesicular amine transporter and of synaptin synaptopHysin in rat brain
Molecular Brain Research, 1993Co-Authors: Sushil K Mahata, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H WinklerAbstract:Abstract Brains of rats treated witH a HigH dose of reserpine were analyzed by in situ Hybridization. THe mRNA levels of several components of large dense core and small synaptic vesicles were determined. After drug treatment tHe secretogranin II message was elevated in tHe parvocellular neurons of tHe paraventricular nucleus, in tHe zona incerta, dorsal rapHe, locus coeruleus and in tHe nucleus tractus solitarius. THe levels of cHromogranin B mRNA were increased in tHe dorsal rapHe and in tHe substantia nigra compacta. In control animals messages for synaptin/synptopHysin could be found in most of tHe nuclei investigated, tHat of tHe vesicular amine transporter was only detectable in substantia nigra compacta, tHe dorsal rapHe and tHe locus coeruleus wHereas tHose of Carboxypeptidase H and tHe alpHa-amidating monooxygenase could only be determined in tHe paraventricular nucleus. All tHese messages were not cHanged after reserpine. We conclude tHat tHe cHromogranin B/secretogranin II messages are regulated concomitantly witH various neuropeptides. THey represent useful general markers to identify stimulated neurons. Our results are consistent witH tHe concept tHat stimulation of neurons leads to an increased syntHesis of secretory peptides and consequently to large dense core vesicles filled witH HigHer quanta of peptides.
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In situ Hybridization: mRNA levels of secretogranin II, VGF and peptidylglycine alpHa-amidating monooxygenase in brain of salt-loaded rats
Histochemistry, 1993Co-Authors: S. K. Mahata, Reiner Fischer-colbrie, M. Mahata, H. Winkler, H WinklerAbstract:THe mRNA levels of secretogranin II (SgII), VGF and peptidylglycine alpHa-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) were studied in brains of salt loaded rats by in situ Hybridization. In tHese rats tHe levels of tHe message for secretogranin II and VGF were increased in tHe paraventricular, supraoptic and retrocHiasmatic nuclei and in tHe subfornical organ. THe increases ranged from 416 to 721% for SgII and from 778 to 890% for VGF. THe PAM message was also elevated in tHese brain regions; However, tHe maximal increase was only 221%. We conclude tHat tHe message for all secretory peptides investigated so far, i.e. vasopressin, galanin, secretogranin II and VGF are upregulated to a similar degree in tHe HypotHalamus of salt-located rats. THe relative increase in mRNA for tHe enzyme peptidylglycine alpHa-amidating monooxygenase occurred to a mucH lower extent, and was comparable to tHe limited cHanges previously seen for Carboxypeptidase H.
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in situ Hybridization mrna levels of secretogranin ii neuropeptides and Carboxypeptidase H in brains of salt loaded and brattleboro rats
Neuroscience, 1992Co-Authors: Sushil K. Mahata, H. J. Steiner, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H Winkler, Sushil K Mahata, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H WinklerAbstract:Abstract In situ Hybridization was used to study tHe mRNA levels for vasopressin, galanin, secretogranin II and Carboxypeptidase H in salt-loaded and Brattleboro rats. THese animals represent an in vivo model for tHe cHronic stimulation of tHe HypotHalamo-neuroHypopHyseal neurons. As sHown by immunelectron microscopy secretogranin II is co-stored witH vasopressin in tHese neurons. In salt-loaded rats tHe levels of mRNA for vasopressin, galanin and secretogranin II are increased in tHe para ventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Analogous cHanges were observed for Brattleboro rats witH tHe exception of tHe vasopressin message wHicH was decreased in tHese animals. THe secretogranin II message was also increased in neurons wHicH do not contain tHe vasopressin mRNA, i.e. in magnocellular neurons of tHe lateral HypotHalamus and in tHe subfornical organ. Carboxypeptidase H message was also found in tHe paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and in tHe subfornical organ; However, in botH models tHe cHanges in mRNA in tHese nuclei were mucH lower tHan tHose observed for tHe secretory peptides or non-existent. We conclude tHat cHronic stimulation of vasopressin neurons leads to a concomitant up-regulation of tHe biosyntHesis of neuropeptides and secretogranin II. We suggest tHat tHe secretogranin II message migHt be a useful general marker for identifying cHronically stimulated neurons.
Sushil K Mahata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Large Dense-Core Vesicles in Rat Adrenal After Reserpine: Levels of mRNAs of Soluble and Membrane-Bound: Constituents in CHromaffin and Ganglion Cells Indicate a BiosyntHesis of Vesicles witH HigHer Secretory Quanta
Journal of neurochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Andrea Laslop, Reiner Fischer-colbrie, Nabil G. Seidah, Sushil K Mahata, Manjula Mahata, Martin Wolkersdorfer, Meera Srivastava, Hans WinklerAbstract:: Rats were injected witH a large dose of reserpine known to stimulate tHe adrenal medulla. Various times after drug treatment tHe mRNA levels of several constituents of large dense-core vesicles were determined by nortHern blot analysis and in situ Hybridization. THe latter metHod allowed detection of cHanges in mRNA levels not only in cHromaffin cells, but also in tHe ganglion cells found in adrenal medulla. Levels of tHe mRNAs of secretory components of large dense-core vesicles (cHromogranins A and B., secretogranin II, VGF, and neuropeptide Y) increased in cHromaffin cells by 215–857% after 1–3 days of drug treatment. For partly membrane-bound components (dopamine β-Hydroxylase, proHormone convertase 2, Carboxypeptidase H., and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase) tHe cHanges ranged from 182 to 315%, wHereas for glycoprotein III and for intrinsic membrane proteins (cytocHrome b661 and vesicle monoamine transporter 2) no cHange occurred. In ganglion cells tHe mRNAs tHat could be detected for VGF, neuropeptide Y., secretogranin II, Carboxypeptidase H., and vesicle monoamine transporter 1 sHowed an analogous pattern of cHange, witH significant increases for tHe secretory proteins and no cHange for tHe membrane components. From tHese and previous results we suggest tHe following concept: Long-lasting stimulation of cHromaffin cells or neurons does not induce tHe biosyntHesis of a larger number of vesicles but ratHer leads to tHe formation of vesicles containing HigHer secretory quanta of cHromogranins and neuropeptides. Key Words: CHromograninSecretogranin II—Monoamine transporter—ProHormone convertase 2—Carboxypeptidase H—CytocHrome b661-Clusterin.
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Kainic acid seizures in tHe rat: differential expression of cHromogranin A, Carboxypeptidase H and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxigenase in subfields of tHe Hippocampal formation
Acta Neuropathologica, 1993Co-Authors: Sushil K Mahata, Reiner Fischer-colbrie, Manjula Mahata, Bernhard Gruber, Christine Röder, Günther SperkAbstract:Using in situ Hybridization HistocHemistry concentrations of mRNAs encoding cHromogranin A (CHA), Carboxypeptidase H (CPH) and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxigenase (PAM) Have been investigated in tHe Hippocampus after kainic acid (KA)-induced limbic seizures in tHe rat. Increased concentrations (by 150%) of CHA and CPH mRNAs were found in tHe granule cell layer 24 H after KA injection. At tHe same time PAM mRNA levels were only sligHtly elevated (by 50%). WHereas tHe increases in CPH and PAM transcripts were only transient, CHA mRNA concentrations in tHe granule cell layer were elevated up to 2 montHs after tHe initial seizures. In contrast, in tHe pyramidal cell layers of all Hippocampal subfields (CA1 to CA3) CHA mRNA concentrations were significantly reduced (by 40–70%) 1–60 days after KA. PAM and CPH messages were sligHtly reduced in tHe pyramamidal cell layer of CA1 but not in CA2 and CA3. THe experiments demonstrate tHat KA-induced limbic seizures cause sustained cHanges in tHe expression of CHA mRNA. At tHe same time tHe expression of two enzymes involved in post-translational processing of neuropeptides, PAM and CPH, becomes only transiently altered. SyntHesis of CHA may be regulated differently in tHe strata granulosum and pyramidale during epileptic seizures.
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reserpine causes differential cHanges in tHe mrna levels of cHromogranin b secretogranin ii Carboxypeptidase H alpHa amidating monooxygenase tHe vesicular amine transporter and of synaptin synaptopHysin in rat brain
Molecular Brain Research, 1993Co-Authors: Sushil K Mahata, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H WinklerAbstract:Abstract Brains of rats treated witH a HigH dose of reserpine were analyzed by in situ Hybridization. THe mRNA levels of several components of large dense core and small synaptic vesicles were determined. After drug treatment tHe secretogranin II message was elevated in tHe parvocellular neurons of tHe paraventricular nucleus, in tHe zona incerta, dorsal rapHe, locus coeruleus and in tHe nucleus tractus solitarius. THe levels of cHromogranin B mRNA were increased in tHe dorsal rapHe and in tHe substantia nigra compacta. In control animals messages for synaptin/synptopHysin could be found in most of tHe nuclei investigated, tHat of tHe vesicular amine transporter was only detectable in substantia nigra compacta, tHe dorsal rapHe and tHe locus coeruleus wHereas tHose of Carboxypeptidase H and tHe alpHa-amidating monooxygenase could only be determined in tHe paraventricular nucleus. All tHese messages were not cHanged after reserpine. We conclude tHat tHe cHromogranin B/secretogranin II messages are regulated concomitantly witH various neuropeptides. THey represent useful general markers to identify stimulated neurons. Our results are consistent witH tHe concept tHat stimulation of neurons leads to an increased syntHesis of secretory peptides and consequently to large dense core vesicles filled witH HigHer quanta of peptides.
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in situ Hybridization mrna levels of secretogranin ii neuropeptides and Carboxypeptidase H in brains of salt loaded and brattleboro rats
Neuroscience, 1992Co-Authors: Sushil K. Mahata, H. J. Steiner, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H Winkler, Sushil K Mahata, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H WinklerAbstract:Abstract In situ Hybridization was used to study tHe mRNA levels for vasopressin, galanin, secretogranin II and Carboxypeptidase H in salt-loaded and Brattleboro rats. THese animals represent an in vivo model for tHe cHronic stimulation of tHe HypotHalamo-neuroHypopHyseal neurons. As sHown by immunelectron microscopy secretogranin II is co-stored witH vasopressin in tHese neurons. In salt-loaded rats tHe levels of mRNA for vasopressin, galanin and secretogranin II are increased in tHe para ventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Analogous cHanges were observed for Brattleboro rats witH tHe exception of tHe vasopressin message wHicH was decreased in tHese animals. THe secretogranin II message was also increased in neurons wHicH do not contain tHe vasopressin mRNA, i.e. in magnocellular neurons of tHe lateral HypotHalamus and in tHe subfornical organ. Carboxypeptidase H message was also found in tHe paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and in tHe subfornical organ; However, in botH models tHe cHanges in mRNA in tHese nuclei were mucH lower tHan tHose observed for tHe secretory peptides or non-existent. We conclude tHat cHronic stimulation of vasopressin neurons leads to a concomitant up-regulation of tHe biosyntHesis of neuropeptides and secretogranin II. We suggest tHat tHe secretogranin II message migHt be a useful general marker for identifying cHronically stimulated neurons.
Manjula Mahata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Large Dense-Core Vesicles in Rat Adrenal After Reserpine: Levels of mRNAs of Soluble and Membrane-Bound: Constituents in CHromaffin and Ganglion Cells Indicate a BiosyntHesis of Vesicles witH HigHer Secretory Quanta
Journal of neurochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Andrea Laslop, Reiner Fischer-colbrie, Nabil G. Seidah, Sushil K Mahata, Manjula Mahata, Martin Wolkersdorfer, Meera Srivastava, Hans WinklerAbstract:: Rats were injected witH a large dose of reserpine known to stimulate tHe adrenal medulla. Various times after drug treatment tHe mRNA levels of several constituents of large dense-core vesicles were determined by nortHern blot analysis and in situ Hybridization. THe latter metHod allowed detection of cHanges in mRNA levels not only in cHromaffin cells, but also in tHe ganglion cells found in adrenal medulla. Levels of tHe mRNAs of secretory components of large dense-core vesicles (cHromogranins A and B., secretogranin II, VGF, and neuropeptide Y) increased in cHromaffin cells by 215–857% after 1–3 days of drug treatment. For partly membrane-bound components (dopamine β-Hydroxylase, proHormone convertase 2, Carboxypeptidase H., and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase) tHe cHanges ranged from 182 to 315%, wHereas for glycoprotein III and for intrinsic membrane proteins (cytocHrome b661 and vesicle monoamine transporter 2) no cHange occurred. In ganglion cells tHe mRNAs tHat could be detected for VGF, neuropeptide Y., secretogranin II, Carboxypeptidase H., and vesicle monoamine transporter 1 sHowed an analogous pattern of cHange, witH significant increases for tHe secretory proteins and no cHange for tHe membrane components. From tHese and previous results we suggest tHe following concept: Long-lasting stimulation of cHromaffin cells or neurons does not induce tHe biosyntHesis of a larger number of vesicles but ratHer leads to tHe formation of vesicles containing HigHer secretory quanta of cHromogranins and neuropeptides. Key Words: CHromograninSecretogranin II—Monoamine transporter—ProHormone convertase 2—Carboxypeptidase H—CytocHrome b661-Clusterin.
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Kainic acid seizures in tHe rat: differential expression of cHromogranin A, Carboxypeptidase H and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxigenase in subfields of tHe Hippocampal formation
Acta Neuropathologica, 1993Co-Authors: Sushil K Mahata, Reiner Fischer-colbrie, Manjula Mahata, Bernhard Gruber, Christine Röder, Günther SperkAbstract:Using in situ Hybridization HistocHemistry concentrations of mRNAs encoding cHromogranin A (CHA), Carboxypeptidase H (CPH) and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxigenase (PAM) Have been investigated in tHe Hippocampus after kainic acid (KA)-induced limbic seizures in tHe rat. Increased concentrations (by 150%) of CHA and CPH mRNAs were found in tHe granule cell layer 24 H after KA injection. At tHe same time PAM mRNA levels were only sligHtly elevated (by 50%). WHereas tHe increases in CPH and PAM transcripts were only transient, CHA mRNA concentrations in tHe granule cell layer were elevated up to 2 montHs after tHe initial seizures. In contrast, in tHe pyramidal cell layers of all Hippocampal subfields (CA1 to CA3) CHA mRNA concentrations were significantly reduced (by 40–70%) 1–60 days after KA. PAM and CPH messages were sligHtly reduced in tHe pyramamidal cell layer of CA1 but not in CA2 and CA3. THe experiments demonstrate tHat KA-induced limbic seizures cause sustained cHanges in tHe expression of CHA mRNA. At tHe same time tHe expression of two enzymes involved in post-translational processing of neuropeptides, PAM and CPH, becomes only transiently altered. SyntHesis of CHA may be regulated differently in tHe strata granulosum and pyramidale during epileptic seizures.
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reserpine causes differential cHanges in tHe mrna levels of cHromogranin b secretogranin ii Carboxypeptidase H alpHa amidating monooxygenase tHe vesicular amine transporter and of synaptin synaptopHysin in rat brain
Molecular Brain Research, 1993Co-Authors: Sushil K Mahata, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H WinklerAbstract:Abstract Brains of rats treated witH a HigH dose of reserpine were analyzed by in situ Hybridization. THe mRNA levels of several components of large dense core and small synaptic vesicles were determined. After drug treatment tHe secretogranin II message was elevated in tHe parvocellular neurons of tHe paraventricular nucleus, in tHe zona incerta, dorsal rapHe, locus coeruleus and in tHe nucleus tractus solitarius. THe levels of cHromogranin B mRNA were increased in tHe dorsal rapHe and in tHe substantia nigra compacta. In control animals messages for synaptin/synptopHysin could be found in most of tHe nuclei investigated, tHat of tHe vesicular amine transporter was only detectable in substantia nigra compacta, tHe dorsal rapHe and tHe locus coeruleus wHereas tHose of Carboxypeptidase H and tHe alpHa-amidating monooxygenase could only be determined in tHe paraventricular nucleus. All tHese messages were not cHanged after reserpine. We conclude tHat tHe cHromogranin B/secretogranin II messages are regulated concomitantly witH various neuropeptides. THey represent useful general markers to identify stimulated neurons. Our results are consistent witH tHe concept tHat stimulation of neurons leads to an increased syntHesis of secretory peptides and consequently to large dense core vesicles filled witH HigHer quanta of peptides.
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in situ Hybridization mrna levels of secretogranin ii neuropeptides and Carboxypeptidase H in brains of salt loaded and brattleboro rats
Neuroscience, 1992Co-Authors: Sushil K. Mahata, H. J. Steiner, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H Winkler, Sushil K Mahata, Manjula Mahata, Reiner Fischercolbrie, H WinklerAbstract:Abstract In situ Hybridization was used to study tHe mRNA levels for vasopressin, galanin, secretogranin II and Carboxypeptidase H in salt-loaded and Brattleboro rats. THese animals represent an in vivo model for tHe cHronic stimulation of tHe HypotHalamo-neuroHypopHyseal neurons. As sHown by immunelectron microscopy secretogranin II is co-stored witH vasopressin in tHese neurons. In salt-loaded rats tHe levels of mRNA for vasopressin, galanin and secretogranin II are increased in tHe para ventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Analogous cHanges were observed for Brattleboro rats witH tHe exception of tHe vasopressin message wHicH was decreased in tHese animals. THe secretogranin II message was also increased in neurons wHicH do not contain tHe vasopressin mRNA, i.e. in magnocellular neurons of tHe lateral HypotHalamus and in tHe subfornical organ. Carboxypeptidase H message was also found in tHe paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and in tHe subfornical organ; However, in botH models tHe cHanges in mRNA in tHese nuclei were mucH lower tHan tHose observed for tHe secretory peptides or non-existent. We conclude tHat cHronic stimulation of vasopressin neurons leads to a concomitant up-regulation of tHe biosyntHesis of neuropeptides and secretogranin II. We suggest tHat tHe secretogranin II message migHt be a useful general marker for identifying cHronically stimulated neurons.