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Steven N Blair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • longitudinal algorithms to estimate Cardiorespiratory Fitness associations with nonfatal cardiovascular disease and disease specific mortality
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Enrique G Artero, Xuemei Sui, Duckchul Lee, Timothy S Church, Carl J Lavie, Andrew S Jackson, Daniel T Oconnor, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Objectives: This study sought to determine the capacity of Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) algorithms without exercise testing to predict the risk for nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events a...

  • the obesity paradox Cardiorespiratory Fitness and coronary heart disease
    Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2012
    Co-Authors: Paul A Mcauley, Enrique G Artero, Vanesa Espanaromero, Xuemei Sui, Duckchul Lee, Timothy S Church, Carl J Lavie, Johnathan N Myers, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Objective To investigate associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) and different measures of adiposity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in men with known or suspected coronary heart disease (CHD).

  • role of lifestyle and aging on the longitudinal change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness
    JAMA Internal Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: Andrew S Jackson, Timothy S Church, Xuemei Sui, James R Hebert, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Background Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in adults decreases with age and is influenced by lifestyle. Low CRF is associated with risk of diseases and the ability of older persons to function independently. We defined the longitudinal rate of CRF decline with aging and the association of aging and lifestyle with CRF. Methods We studied a cohort of 3429 women and 16 889 men, aged 20 to 96 years, from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who completed 2 to 33 health examinations from 1974 to 2006. The lifestyle variables were body mass index, self-reported aerobic exercise, and smoking behavior. Cardiorespiratory Fitness was measured by a maximal Balke treadmill exercise test. Results Linear mixed models regression analysis stratified by sex showed that the decline in CRF with age was not linear. After 45 years of age, CRF declined at an accelerated rate. For each unit of increase in body mass index, the CRF of women declined 0.20 metabolic equivalents (METs) (95% confidence interval, −0.21 to −0.19); that of men, 0.32 METs (−0.33 to −0.20). Current smokers of both sexes also had lower CRF (−0.29 METs [95% confidence interval, −0.40 to −0.19] for women and −0.41 METS [−0.44 to −0.38] for men). Cardiorespiratory Fitness was positively associated with self-reported physical activity. Conclusions Cardiorespiratory Fitness in men and women declines at a nonlinear rate that accelerates after 45 years of age. Maintaining a low BMI, being physically active, and not smoking are associated with higher CRF across the adult life span.

  • association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness body mass index and waist circumference to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    Gastroenterology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Timothy S Church, Elisa L Priest, Robert Ross, Jennifer L Kuk, Emily Biltoff, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Background & Aims: There is a need for more work examining the potential of physical activity and/or weight control as a preventive and/or therapeutic option in the treatment of fatty liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference with markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Participants consisted of 218 apparently healthy nonsmoking, nonalcoholic men aged 33–73 years. Cardiorespiratory Fitness was assessed by a maximal treadmill test. Liver and spleen density were measured using a computed tomography scan. We defined the presence of NAFLD as the following 3 conditions being met: (1) liver to spleen density of 1.0 or less, (2) serum alanine transaminase level greater than 30 U/L, and (3) serum aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase level less than 1.0. Results: Twenty-four (11%) of the participants met the NAFLD definition. There was an inverse association between Fitness categories, and a positive association for BMI categories (and waist circumference categories) with the prevalence of NAFLD ( P for trend P value changed from P value changed from Conclusions: Fitness (inversely) and BMI (directly) were associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. However, these associations were attenuated when abdominal obesity was included in the statistical model.

  • Cardiorespiratory Fitness is inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome a prospective study of men and women
    Circulation, 2005
    Co-Authors: Michael J Lamonte, Timothy S Church, Carolyn E Barlow, J B Kampert, Radim Jurca, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Background— Few studies have reported the relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and metabolic syndrome incidence, particularly in women. Methods and Results— We prospectively studied 9007 men (mean±SD age, 44±9 years; body mass index, 25±3 kg/m2) and 1491 women (age, 44±9 years; body mass index, 22±2 kg/m2) who were free of metabolic syndrome and for whom measures of waist girth, resting blood pressure, fasting lipids, and glucose were taken during baseline and follow-up examinations. Baseline Cardiorespiratory Fitness was quantified as duration of a maximal treadmill test. Metabolic syndrome was defined with NCEP ATP-III criteria. During a mean follow-up of 5.7 years, 1346 men and 56 women developed metabolic syndrome. Age-adjusted incidence rates were significantly lower (linear trend, P<0.001) across incremental thirds of Fitness in men and women. After further adjustment for potential confounders, multivariable hazard ratios for incident metabolic syndrome among men in the low, middle, and up...

J B Kampert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cardiorespiratory Fitness is inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome a prospective study of men and women
    Circulation, 2005
    Co-Authors: Michael J Lamonte, Timothy S Church, Carolyn E Barlow, J B Kampert, Radim Jurca, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Background— Few studies have reported the relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and metabolic syndrome incidence, particularly in women. Methods and Results— We prospectively studied 9007 men (mean±SD age, 44±9 years; body mass index, 25±3 kg/m2) and 1491 women (age, 44±9 years; body mass index, 22±2 kg/m2) who were free of metabolic syndrome and for whom measures of waist girth, resting blood pressure, fasting lipids, and glucose were taken during baseline and follow-up examinations. Baseline Cardiorespiratory Fitness was quantified as duration of a maximal treadmill test. Metabolic syndrome was defined with NCEP ATP-III criteria. During a mean follow-up of 5.7 years, 1346 men and 56 women developed metabolic syndrome. Age-adjusted incidence rates were significantly lower (linear trend, P<0.001) across incremental thirds of Fitness in men and women. After further adjustment for potential confounders, multivariable hazard ratios for incident metabolic syndrome among men in the low, middle, and up...

  • associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and c reactive protein in men
    Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Timothy S Church, Carolyn E Barlow, Conrad P Earnest, J B Kampert, Elisa L Priest, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Objective— This study examined the association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and C-reactive protein (CRP), with adjustment for weight and within weight categories. Methods and Results— We calculated median and adjusted geometric mean CRP levels, percentages of individuals with an elevated CRP (≥2.00 mg/L), and odds ratios of elevated CRP across 5 levels of Cardiorespiratory Fitness for 722 men. CRP values were adjusted for age, body mass index, vitamin use, statin medication use, aspirin use, the presence of inflammatory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and smoking habit. We found an inverse association of CRP across Fitness levels ( P for trend<0.001), with the highest adjusted CRP value in the lowest Fitness quintile (1.64 [1.27 to 2.11] mg/L) and the lowest adjusted CRP value in the highest Fitness quintile (0.70 [0.60 to 0.80] mg/L). Similar results were found for the prevalence of elevated CRP across Fitness quintiles. We used logistic regression to model the adjusted odds for elevated CRP and found that compared with the referent first quintile, the second (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.85), third (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.65), fourth (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.47), and fifth (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.37) quintiles of Fitness had significantly lower odds of elevated CRP. Similar results were found when examining the CRP-Fitness relation within categories of body fatness (normal weight, overweight, and obese) and waist girth (<102 or ≥102 cm). Conclusions— Cardiorespiratory Fitness levels were inversely associated with CRP values and the prevalence of elevated CRP values in this sample of men from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.

  • low Cardiorespiratory Fitness and physical inactivity as predictors of mortality in men with type 2 diabetes
    Annals of Internal Medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: Ming Wei, J B Kampert, Larry W Gibbons, Milton Z Nichaman, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness and physical inactivity were found to be independent predictors of all-cause mortality in men with type 2 diabetes. Physicians should encourage patients with this dise...

  • the association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men
    Annals of Internal Medicine, 1999
    Co-Authors: Ming Wei, J B Kampert, Larry W Gibbons, Tedd L Mitchell, C D Lee, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness was associated with increased risk for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. A sedentary lifestyle may contribute to the progression from normal fasting glucos...

Timothy S Church - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • longitudinal algorithms to estimate Cardiorespiratory Fitness associations with nonfatal cardiovascular disease and disease specific mortality
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Enrique G Artero, Xuemei Sui, Duckchul Lee, Timothy S Church, Carl J Lavie, Andrew S Jackson, Daniel T Oconnor, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Objectives: This study sought to determine the capacity of Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) algorithms without exercise testing to predict the risk for nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events a...

  • the obesity paradox Cardiorespiratory Fitness and coronary heart disease
    Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2012
    Co-Authors: Paul A Mcauley, Enrique G Artero, Vanesa Espanaromero, Xuemei Sui, Duckchul Lee, Timothy S Church, Carl J Lavie, Johnathan N Myers, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Objective To investigate associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) and different measures of adiposity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in men with known or suspected coronary heart disease (CHD).

  • role of lifestyle and aging on the longitudinal change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness
    JAMA Internal Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: Andrew S Jackson, Timothy S Church, Xuemei Sui, James R Hebert, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Background Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in adults decreases with age and is influenced by lifestyle. Low CRF is associated with risk of diseases and the ability of older persons to function independently. We defined the longitudinal rate of CRF decline with aging and the association of aging and lifestyle with CRF. Methods We studied a cohort of 3429 women and 16 889 men, aged 20 to 96 years, from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who completed 2 to 33 health examinations from 1974 to 2006. The lifestyle variables were body mass index, self-reported aerobic exercise, and smoking behavior. Cardiorespiratory Fitness was measured by a maximal Balke treadmill exercise test. Results Linear mixed models regression analysis stratified by sex showed that the decline in CRF with age was not linear. After 45 years of age, CRF declined at an accelerated rate. For each unit of increase in body mass index, the CRF of women declined 0.20 metabolic equivalents (METs) (95% confidence interval, −0.21 to −0.19); that of men, 0.32 METs (−0.33 to −0.20). Current smokers of both sexes also had lower CRF (−0.29 METs [95% confidence interval, −0.40 to −0.19] for women and −0.41 METS [−0.44 to −0.38] for men). Cardiorespiratory Fitness was positively associated with self-reported physical activity. Conclusions Cardiorespiratory Fitness in men and women declines at a nonlinear rate that accelerates after 45 years of age. Maintaining a low BMI, being physically active, and not smoking are associated with higher CRF across the adult life span.

  • association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness body mass index and waist circumference to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    Gastroenterology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Timothy S Church, Elisa L Priest, Robert Ross, Jennifer L Kuk, Emily Biltoff, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Background & Aims: There is a need for more work examining the potential of physical activity and/or weight control as a preventive and/or therapeutic option in the treatment of fatty liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference with markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Participants consisted of 218 apparently healthy nonsmoking, nonalcoholic men aged 33–73 years. Cardiorespiratory Fitness was assessed by a maximal treadmill test. Liver and spleen density were measured using a computed tomography scan. We defined the presence of NAFLD as the following 3 conditions being met: (1) liver to spleen density of 1.0 or less, (2) serum alanine transaminase level greater than 30 U/L, and (3) serum aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase level less than 1.0. Results: Twenty-four (11%) of the participants met the NAFLD definition. There was an inverse association between Fitness categories, and a positive association for BMI categories (and waist circumference categories) with the prevalence of NAFLD ( P for trend P value changed from P value changed from Conclusions: Fitness (inversely) and BMI (directly) were associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. However, these associations were attenuated when abdominal obesity was included in the statistical model.

  • Cardiorespiratory Fitness is inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome a prospective study of men and women
    Circulation, 2005
    Co-Authors: Michael J Lamonte, Timothy S Church, Carolyn E Barlow, J B Kampert, Radim Jurca, Steven N Blair
    Abstract:

    Background— Few studies have reported the relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and metabolic syndrome incidence, particularly in women. Methods and Results— We prospectively studied 9007 men (mean±SD age, 44±9 years; body mass index, 25±3 kg/m2) and 1491 women (age, 44±9 years; body mass index, 22±2 kg/m2) who were free of metabolic syndrome and for whom measures of waist girth, resting blood pressure, fasting lipids, and glucose were taken during baseline and follow-up examinations. Baseline Cardiorespiratory Fitness was quantified as duration of a maximal treadmill test. Metabolic syndrome was defined with NCEP ATP-III criteria. During a mean follow-up of 5.7 years, 1346 men and 56 women developed metabolic syndrome. Age-adjusted incidence rates were significantly lower (linear trend, P<0.001) across incremental thirds of Fitness in men and women. After further adjustment for potential confounders, multivariable hazard ratios for incident metabolic syndrome among men in the low, middle, and up...

Charles H Hillman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a systematic review of physical activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on p3b
    Psychophysiology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Cristina Cadenassanchez, Tatsuya T Shigeta, Anne M Walk, Yu Kai Chang, Matthew B Pontifex, Charles H Hillman
    Abstract:

    Given accumulating evidence indicating that acute and chronic physical activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness are related to modulation of the P3b-ERP component, this systematic review provides an overview of the field across the last 30+ years and discusses future directions as the field continues to develop. A systematic review was conducted on studies of physical activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on P3b. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from database inception to March 28, 2018. Search results were limited to peer-reviewed and English-written studies investigating typically developed individuals. Seventy-two studies were selected, with 39 studies examining cross-sectional relationships between chronic physical activity (n = 19) and Cardiorespiratory Fitness (n = 20) with P3b, with 16 and 17 studies reporting associations of P3b with physical activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, respectively. Eight studies investigated the effects of chronic physical activity interventions, and all found effects on P3b. Eight studies investigating P3b during acute bouts of physical activity showed inconsistent results. Nineteen of 23 studies demonstrated acute modulation of P3b following exercise cessation. Conclusions drawn from this systematic review suggest that physical activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness are associated with P3b modulation during cognitive control and attention tasks. Acute and chronic physical activity interventions modulate the P3b component, suggesting short- and long-term functional adaptations occurring in the brain to support cognitive processes. These summary findings suggest physical activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness are beneficial to brain function and that P3b may serve as a biomarker of covert attentional processes to better understand the relationship of physical activity and cognition.

  • Body mass and Cardiorespiratory Fitness are associated with altered brain metabolism
    Metabolic Brain Disease, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ryan J. Larsen, Charles H Hillman, Lauren B. Raine, Arthur F. Kramer, Neal J. Cohen, Aron K. Barbey
    Abstract:

    Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy provides measures of brain chemistry that are sensitive to Cardiorespiratory Fitness and body composition. The concentration of N-acetyl aspartic acid (NAA) is of interest because it is a marker of neuronal integrity. The ratio of NAA to creatine, a standard reference metabolite, has been shown to correlate with measures of both Cardiorespiratory Fitness and body composition. However, previous studies have explored these effects in isolation, making it impossible to know which of these highly correlated measures drive the correlations with NAA/Cr. As a result, the mechanisms underlying their association remain to be established. We therefore conducted a comprehensive study to investigate the relative contributions of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and percent body fat in predicting NAA/Cr. We demonstrate that NAA/Cr in white matter is correlated with percent body fat, and that this relationship largely subsumes the correlation of NAA/Cr with Cardiorespiratory Fitness. These results underscore the association of body composition with axonal integrity and suggests that this relationship drives the association of NAA/Cr with physical Fitness in young adults.

  • Cardiorespiratory Fitness and acute aerobic exercise effects on neuroelectric and behavioral measures of action monitoring
    Neuroscience, 2006
    Co-Authors: Jason R Themanson, Jason R Themanson, Charles H Hillman
    Abstract:

    Cardiorespiratory Fitness and acute aerobic exercise effects on cognitive function were assessed for 28 higher- and lower-fit adults during a flanker task by comparing behavioral and neuroelectric indices of action monitoring. The error-related negativity, error positivity, and N2 components, as well as behavioral measures of response speed, accuracy, and post-error slowing were measured following a 30-minute acute bout of treadmill exercise or following 30-minutes of rest. A graded maximal exercise test was used to measure Cardiorespiratory Fitness by assessing maximal oxygen uptake. Results indicated that higher-fit adults exhibited reduced error-related negativity amplitude, increased error positivity amplitude, and increased post-error response slowing compared with lower-fit adults. However, acute exercise was not related to any of the dependent measures. These findings suggest that Cardiorespiratory Fitness, but not acute aerobic exercise, may be beneficial to behavioral and neuroelectric indices of action monitoring following errors of commission by increasing top-down attentional control.

Ronald J Sigal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.