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Steven N Blair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of physical activity on exercise tests and respiratory function
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Yiling J Cheng, Francisco S Sy, Cheryl L. Addy, Caroline A. Macera, Darryl Wieland, Steven N BlairAbstract:Background: Exercise is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic lung disease. Objective: To explore the role of physical activity in maintaining cardiac and respiratory function in healthy people. Methods: Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a maximal treadmill test (MTT), and respiratory function was tested by spirometry. The cross sectional study included data from 24 536 healthy persons who were examined at the Cooper Clinic between 1971 and 1995; the longitudinal study included data from 5707 healthy persons who had an initial visit between 1971 and 1995 and a subsequent visit during the next five years. All participants were aged 25–55 years and completed a Cardiorespiratory test and a medical questionnaire. Results: In the cross sectional study, after controlling for covariates, being active and not being a recent smoker were associated with better Cardiorespiratory fitness and respiratory function in both men and women. In the follow up study, persons who remained or became active had better MTT than persons who remained or became sedentary. Men who remained active had higher forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) than the other groups. Smoking was related to lower Cardiorespiratory fitness and respiratory function. Conclusions: Physical activity and non-smoking or smoking cessation is associated with maintenance of Cardiorespiratory fitness. Change in physical activity habits is associated with change in Cardiorespiratory fitness, but respiratory function contributed little to this association during a five year follow up.
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Cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of type 2 diabetes prospective study of japanese men
Diabetes Care, 2003Co-Authors: Susumu S Sawada, Imin Lee, Takashi Muto, Kazuko Matuszaki, Steven N BlairAbstract:OBJECTIVE —To investigate the association between Cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Japanese men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —This prospective cohort study was conducted in 4,747 nondiabetic Japanese men, aged 20–40 years at baseline, enrolled in 1985 with follow-up to June 1999. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a cycle ergometer test, and V o 2max was estimated. During a 14-year follow-up, 280 men developed type 2 diabetes. RESULTS —The age-adjusted relative risks of developing type 2 diabetes across quartiles of Cardiorespiratory fitness (lowest to highest) were 1.0 (referent), 0.56 (95% CI 0.42–0.75), 0.35 (0.25–0.50), and 0.25 (0.17–0.37) (for trend, P P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS —These results indicate that a low Cardiorespiratory fitness level is an important risk factor for incidence of type 2 diabetes among Japanese men.
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association among physical activity level Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of musculoskeletal injury
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2001Co-Authors: Jennifer M Hootman, Malissa Martin, Cheryl L. Addy, Caroline A. Macera, Barbara E Ainsworth, Steven N BlairAbstract:To help public health practitioners promote physical activities with a low risk of injury, this study determined the relation among type and duration of physical activity, Cardiorespiratory fitness, and musculoskeletal injury in a sample of adults enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Subjects included 4,034 men and 967 women who underwent a baseline physical examination between 1970 and 1985 and who returned a mailed follow-up survey in 1986. At baseline, a treadmill graded exercise test was used to measure Cardiorespiratory fitness. At follow-up, subjects reported injuries and type and duration of physical activity in the preceding 12 months. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate the association among physical activity type and duration, Cardiorespiratory fitness, and injury. The risk of sustaining an activity-related injury increased with higher duration of physical activity per week and Cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Results suggest that Cardiorespiratory fitness may be a surrogate for unmeasured components of physical activity, such as exercise intensity. Among walkers, increasing duration of activity per week was not associated with an increased risk of injury. Results suggest that, for most adults, walking is a safe form of physical activity associated with a lower risk of injury than running or sport participation.
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influences of Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and other predictors on cardiovascular disease mortality in men
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1998Co-Authors: Stephen W Farrell, Caroline A. Macera, J B Kampert, Harold W Kohl, Carolyn E Barlow, Ralph S Paffenbarger, Larry W Gibbons, Steven N BlairAbstract:ABSTRACTInfluences of Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and other predictors on cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 899-905, 1998.Purpose:This investigation quantifies the relation between Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and cardiovascular diseas
Jonatan R Ruiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Blood Pressure: A Longitudinal Analysis
The Journal of pediatrics, 2018Co-Authors: César Agostinis-sobrinho, Jonatan R Ruiz, Carla Moreira, Sandra Abreu, Luis Carlos Oliveira Lopes, Jose Oliveira-santos, Jorge Mota, Rute SantosAbstract:Objectives To examine the association between Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular indices 2 years later, and to determine whether changes in Cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with cardiovascular indices at a 2-year follow-up in adolescents. Study design The sample comprised 734 adolescents (349 girls) aged 12-18 years followed for 3 years from the LabMed Physical Activity Study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20-meter shuttle run test. Height, weight, waist circumference, and resting blood pressure (BP) were measured according to standard procedures. Results Regression analyses showed a significant inverse association between Cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and systolic BP (B = −0.126; P = .047) and rate pressure product (B = −29.94; P = .016), at follow-up after adjustments for age, sex, height, pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, and waist circumference. Significant differences were found between Cardiorespiratory fitness groups (fit vs unfit) at baseline and systolic BP and rate pressure product at follow-up (P Conclusions Changes in Cardiorespiratory fitness during adolescence were associated with cardiovascular indices over a 2-year period. Adolescents with persistently low levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness exhibited the highest levels of systolic BP and rate pressure product.
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Cardiorespiratory fitness and ideal cardiovascular health in european adolescents
Heart, 2015Co-Authors: Jonatan R Ruiz, Enrique G Artero, German Vicenterodriguez, Inge Huybrechts, Magdalena Cuencagarcia, Idoia Labayen, Aline Meirhaeghe, Angela PolitoAbstract:Objective We studied in European adolescents (i) the association between Cardiorespiratory fitness and ideal cardiovascular health as defined by the American Heart Association and (ii) whether there is a Cardiorespiratory fitness threshold associated with a more favourable cardiovascular health profile. Methods Participants included 510 (n=259 girls) adolescents from 9 European countries. The 20 m shuttle run test was used to estimate Cardiorespiratory fitness. Ideal cardiovascular health was defined as meeting ideal levels of the following components: four behaviours (smoking, body mass index, physical activity and diet) and three factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucose). Results Higher levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with a higher number of ideal cardiovascular health components in both boys and girls (both p for trend ≤0.001). Levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness were significantly higher in adolescents meeting at least four ideal components (13% higher in boys, p Conclusions The results suggest a hypothetical Cardiorespiratory fitness level associated with a healthier cardiovascular profile in adolescents. The fitness standards could be used in schools as part of surveillance and/or screening systems to identify youth with poor health behaviours who might benefit from intervention programmes.
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muscular and Cardiorespiratory fitness are independently associated with metabolic risk in adolescents the helena study
Pediatric Diabetes, 2011Co-Authors: Enrique G Artero, Francisco B Ortega, Jonatan R Ruiz, Vanesa Espanaromero, German Vicenterodriguez, Denes MolnarAbstract:Artero EG, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Espana-Romero V, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Molnar D, Gottrand F, Gonzalez-Gross M, Breidenassel C, Moreno LA, Gutierrez A; on behalf of the HELENA Study Group. Muscular and Cardiorespiratory fitness are independently associated with metabolic risk in adolescents: the HELENA study. Objective: To examine the independent associations of muscular and Cardiorespiratory fitness with clustered metabolic risk in adolescents. Methods: Participants were 709 adolescents (346 boys) from 10 European centers, aged 12.5–17.5 yr, evaluated as a part of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescents cross-sectional study (HELENA-CSS). A muscular fitness score was computed using handgrip strength and standing long jump. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the 20-m shuttle run test. Age- and gender-specific z-scores of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, ratio total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment) were summed to create a metabolic risk score. Results: Muscular fitness was negatively associated with clustered metabolic risk independent of Cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −0.249, p < 0.001). Independent of muscular fitness, an inverse association was also found between Cardiorespiratory fitness and clustered metabolic risk (β = 0.264, p < 0.001). The odds ratios for having a high clustered risk (above or equal 1 standard deviation) were 5.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.6–10.6] and 4.3 (95% CI = 2.0–9.3) in the least fit quartile compared with the most fit quartile for muscular and Cardiorespiratory fitness, respectively. Significant differences in metabolic risk between muscular fitness levels persisted among non-overweight (p = 0.012) and overweight participants (p = 0.011). Conclusion: Muscular and Cardiorespiratory fitness are independently associated with metabolic risk in adolescents. These results support current physical activity recommendations for youth, which include muscle strengthening activities in addition to aerobic exercise.
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Positive health, Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness in children and adolescents
European Journal of Public Health, 2011Co-Authors: Carmen Padilla-moledo, José Castro-piñero, Jesús Mora, Sara Márquez, Francisco B Ortega, Michael Sjostrom, Jonatan R RuizAbstract:Background: Positive health is likely a buffer against physical and mental illness. Positive health may explain some of the health benefits associated with increasing Cardiorespiratory fitness and decreasing fatness in youth. We examined the association of Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness with positive health indicators in 684 (365 boys and 319 girls) Spanish children aged 6–17.9 years. Methods: Positive health indicators were self-reported using items of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. The study health indicators were: perceived health status, life satisfaction, quality of family relationships, quality of peer relationships and academic performance. Weight and height were measured and body mass index was computed. We also measured triceps and calf skinfolds thickness and body fat percentage was estimated. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by the 20 m shuttle-run test. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with life satisfaction in children and adolescents. Fatness was inversely associated with perceived health status in children and adolescents, whereas fatness was inversely associated with life satisfaction, quality of family relationships and academic performance only in children. Conclusion: These findings suggest a link between Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness and positive health indicators, suggesting that improving both fitness and fatness could exert a favourable effect on positive health during childhood and adolescence.
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Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with features of metabolic risk factors in children. Should Cardiorespiratory fitness be assessed in a European health monitoring system? The European Youth Heart Study
Journal of Public Health, 2006Co-Authors: Jonatan R Ruiz, Francisco B Ortega, Dirk Meusel, Maarike Harro, Pekka Oja, Michael SjostromAbstract:The question as to whether fitness should be assessed in a European health monitoring system, perhaps from the early stages of life onwards, remains to be answered. We aimed to examine the associations between Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk factors in children. A total of 873 healthy children from Sweden and Estonia aged 9–10 years (444 girls and 429 boys) were randomly selected. A maximal ergometer bike test was used to estimate Cardiorespiratory fitness. Additional cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Significant differences among Cardiorespiratory fitness quartiles for the sum of five skinfolds, insulin resistance, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) ratio were shown in girls whereas in boys, the sum of five skinfolds and insulin resistance were significantly different. The lowest sum of five skinfolds and insulin resistance was shown in the highest Cardiorespiratory fitness quartile in girls and boys, and the lowest values of triglyceride and TC/HDLc values in the highest Cardiorespiratory fitness quartile was observed only in girls. Cardiorespiratory fitness was negatively associated with a clustering of metabolic risk factors in girls and boys. The results add supportive evidence to the body of knowledge suggesting that Cardiorespiratory fitness in children is an important health marker and thus should be considered to be included in a pan-European health monitoring system.
Ronald J Sigal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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meta analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on Cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetologia, 2003Co-Authors: Normand G Boule, Glen P Kenny, E Haddad, George A Wells, Ronald J SigalAbstract:Aims/hypothesis Low Cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful and independent predictor of mortality in people with diabetes. Several studies have examined the effects of exercise on Cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetic individuals. However, these studies had relatively small sample sizes and highly variable results. Therefore the aim of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of exercise on Cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetic individuals.
Caroline A. Macera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of physical activity on exercise tests and respiratory function
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Yiling J Cheng, Francisco S Sy, Cheryl L. Addy, Caroline A. Macera, Darryl Wieland, Steven N BlairAbstract:Background: Exercise is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic lung disease. Objective: To explore the role of physical activity in maintaining cardiac and respiratory function in healthy people. Methods: Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a maximal treadmill test (MTT), and respiratory function was tested by spirometry. The cross sectional study included data from 24 536 healthy persons who were examined at the Cooper Clinic between 1971 and 1995; the longitudinal study included data from 5707 healthy persons who had an initial visit between 1971 and 1995 and a subsequent visit during the next five years. All participants were aged 25–55 years and completed a Cardiorespiratory test and a medical questionnaire. Results: In the cross sectional study, after controlling for covariates, being active and not being a recent smoker were associated with better Cardiorespiratory fitness and respiratory function in both men and women. In the follow up study, persons who remained or became active had better MTT than persons who remained or became sedentary. Men who remained active had higher forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) than the other groups. Smoking was related to lower Cardiorespiratory fitness and respiratory function. Conclusions: Physical activity and non-smoking or smoking cessation is associated with maintenance of Cardiorespiratory fitness. Change in physical activity habits is associated with change in Cardiorespiratory fitness, but respiratory function contributed little to this association during a five year follow up.
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association among physical activity level Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of musculoskeletal injury
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2001Co-Authors: Jennifer M Hootman, Malissa Martin, Cheryl L. Addy, Caroline A. Macera, Barbara E Ainsworth, Steven N BlairAbstract:To help public health practitioners promote physical activities with a low risk of injury, this study determined the relation among type and duration of physical activity, Cardiorespiratory fitness, and musculoskeletal injury in a sample of adults enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Subjects included 4,034 men and 967 women who underwent a baseline physical examination between 1970 and 1985 and who returned a mailed follow-up survey in 1986. At baseline, a treadmill graded exercise test was used to measure Cardiorespiratory fitness. At follow-up, subjects reported injuries and type and duration of physical activity in the preceding 12 months. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate the association among physical activity type and duration, Cardiorespiratory fitness, and injury. The risk of sustaining an activity-related injury increased with higher duration of physical activity per week and Cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Results suggest that Cardiorespiratory fitness may be a surrogate for unmeasured components of physical activity, such as exercise intensity. Among walkers, increasing duration of activity per week was not associated with an increased risk of injury. Results suggest that, for most adults, walking is a safe form of physical activity associated with a lower risk of injury than running or sport participation.
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influences of Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and other predictors on cardiovascular disease mortality in men
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1998Co-Authors: Stephen W Farrell, Caroline A. Macera, J B Kampert, Harold W Kohl, Carolyn E Barlow, Ralph S Paffenbarger, Larry W Gibbons, Steven N BlairAbstract:ABSTRACTInfluences of Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and other predictors on cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 899-905, 1998.Purpose:This investigation quantifies the relation between Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and cardiovascular diseas
Gerbe Markus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Buffer Stress Reactivity and Stress Recovery in Police Officers? A Real-Life Study
2020Co-Authors: Schilling René, Herrma Christia, Ludyga Sebastia, Colledge Flora, And Serge, Pühse Uwe, Gerbe MarkusAbstract:High levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness have the potential to buffer against physical and mental health impairments, which can result from exposure to occupational stress. Police officers are especially at risk of high psychosocial stress; therefore, effective intervention strategies are warranted. Given this background, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether police officers with different levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness differ with regard to their (a) physiological stress reactivity during acute real life stress situations, and (b) physiological recovery related to acute and chronic work stress. In total, 201 police officers took part in this study (M = 38.6 years, SD = 10.1, 35.8% females). Officers were contacted eight times on a smartphone during their workday, and asked to report their current level of positive and negative affect, as well as feelings of stress and anger. Physiological stress responses and recovery (heart rate variability) were assessed using Movisens EcgMove3 devices. The Åstrand bicycle ergometer test was used to assess participants' Cardiorespiratory fitness. Chronic work stress was assessed using the effortreward imbalance model and the job strain model. Multilevel modeling was used to test buffering effects of Cardiorespiratory fitness on physiological stress reactivity. Linear regression was applied to test stress-buffering effects of Cardiorespiratory fitness on physiological recovery. Results showed lowered physiological stress reactivity to acute work stress in officers with higher levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness. However, these results were not consistent, with no effects occurring for feelings of anger, positive affect, and negative affect. Chronic work stress (effort-reward imbalance) was related to lower physiological recovery. Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively related to physiological recovery. Data did not support interactions between work stress and Cardiorespiratory fitness on physiological recovery. To some extent, Cardiorespiratory fitness seems to have the potential to buffer stress reactivity in police officers in acute stress situations. Therefore, we encourage promoting fitness programs which aim to enhance Cardiorespiratory fitness in stressful occupations such as law enforcement.+repphzhbib2020
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Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Buffer Stress Reactivity and Stress Recovery in Police Officers? A Real-Life Study
'Frontiers Media SA', 2020Co-Authors: Schilling René, Herrma Christia, Ludyga Sebastia, Colledge Flora, And Serge, Pühse Uwe, Gerbe MarkusAbstract:High levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness have the potential to buffer against physical and mental health impairments, which can result from exposure to occupational stress. Police officers are especially at risk of high psychosocial stress; therefore, effective intervention strategies are warranted. Given this background, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether police officers with different levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness differ with regard to their (a) physiological stress reactivity during acute real-life stress situations, and (b) physiological recovery related to acute and chronic work stress. In total, 201 police officers took part in this study (M = 38.6 years, SD = 10.1, 35.8% females). Officers were contacted eight times on a smartphone during their workday, and asked to report their current level of positive and negative affect, as well as feelings of stress and anger. Physiological stress responses and recovery (heart rate variability) were assessed using Movisens EcgMove3 devices. The Åstrand bicycle ergometer test was used to assess participants' Cardiorespiratory fitness. Chronic work stress was assessed using the effort-reward imbalance model and the job strain model. Multilevel modeling was used to test buffering effects of Cardiorespiratory fitness on physiological stress reactivity. Linear regression was applied to test stress-buffering effects of Cardiorespiratory fitness on physiological recovery. Results showed lowered physiological stress reactivity to acute work stress in officers with higher levels of Cardiorespiratory fitness. However, these results were not consistent, with no effects occurring for feelings of anger, positive affect, and negative affect. Chronic work stress (effort-reward imbalance) was related to lower physiological recovery. Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively related to physiological recovery. Data did not support interactions between work stress and Cardiorespiratory fitness on physiological recovery. To some extent, Cardiorespiratory fitness seems to have the potential to buffer stress reactivity in police officers in acute stress situations. Therefore, we encourage promoting fitness programs which aim to enhance Cardiorespiratory fitness in stressful occupations such as law enforcement. Improvements in Cardiorespiratory fitness might further enhance physiological recovery from chronic work stress, which is thought to improve cardiovascular health