The Experts below are selected from a list of 7581 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nicola Innes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treatment options for carious tissue removal
Clinical Dentistry Reviewed, 2019Co-Authors: Nicola Innes, Falk SchwendickeAbstract:Quick reference/descriptionMore conservative (selective or stepwise) approaches to carious tissue removal, instead of non-selective removal, reduces tissue loss and pulp exposure risk. In selective removal, carious dentin at the cavity base, close to the pulp, is permanently sealed beneath a restoration, while in stepwise removal, carious dentin is temporarily sealed and then removed in a second step. The hardness of the remaining dentin tissue, judged by tactile feedback during examination, is the main guiding factor for carious tissue removal.
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Current Concepts in Carious Tissue Removal
Current Oral Health Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Falk Schwendicke, Jo Frencken, Nicola InnesAbstract:Purpose of Review To summarize current concepts in carious tissue removal. Recent Findings Traditionally, caries has been seen as an infectious disease and was treated by attempted complete removal of all cariogenic bacteria. The logical traditional aim of carious tissue removal—removing all bacteria from carious lesions—no longer applies. The contemporary aim of carious tissue removal is to maximize restoration longevity, without unnecessarily removing sound or remineralizable dentin. This is based on recent perspectives that dental caries is a biofilm-based and lifestyle-mediated disorder. In shallow lesions, as much carious tissue as possible should be removed, with removal until hard dentin is felt around the periphery of a cavity (to maximize restoration survival and seal the cavity) while centrally firm dentin is left (to retain remineralizable dentin). For deep lesions in teeth with vital pulps (without irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis), maintaining pulp vitality is the priority. Dentists should aim to avoid pulp exposure and accept leaving soft or leathery dentin in areas close to the dental pulp, while at the periphery, carious tissue should be removed until hard tissue is felt, ensuring that any remaining bacteria are sealed and inactivated and that the restoration has sufficient mechanical support against masticatory forces. An alternative for deep lesions is stepwise removal. Carious tissue strategies where no carious tissue removal at all is performed include sealing using plastic materials or stainless steel crowns, or non-restorative cavity control. Summary A range of carious tissue removal strategies are available and should be applied according to lesion characteristics, pulp vitality, and other patient related factors. Always striving to remove carious tooth tissue until hard dentin remains is not in line with current evidence and not recommended.
Falk Schwendicke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treatment options for carious tissue removal
Clinical Dentistry Reviewed, 2019Co-Authors: Nicola Innes, Falk SchwendickeAbstract:Quick reference/descriptionMore conservative (selective or stepwise) approaches to carious tissue removal, instead of non-selective removal, reduces tissue loss and pulp exposure risk. In selective removal, carious dentin at the cavity base, close to the pulp, is permanently sealed beneath a restoration, while in stepwise removal, carious dentin is temporarily sealed and then removed in a second step. The hardness of the remaining dentin tissue, judged by tactile feedback during examination, is the main guiding factor for carious tissue removal.
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Current Concepts in Carious Tissue Removal
Current Oral Health Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Falk Schwendicke, Jo Frencken, Nicola InnesAbstract:Purpose of Review To summarize current concepts in carious tissue removal. Recent Findings Traditionally, caries has been seen as an infectious disease and was treated by attempted complete removal of all cariogenic bacteria. The logical traditional aim of carious tissue removal—removing all bacteria from carious lesions—no longer applies. The contemporary aim of carious tissue removal is to maximize restoration longevity, without unnecessarily removing sound or remineralizable dentin. This is based on recent perspectives that dental caries is a biofilm-based and lifestyle-mediated disorder. In shallow lesions, as much carious tissue as possible should be removed, with removal until hard dentin is felt around the periphery of a cavity (to maximize restoration survival and seal the cavity) while centrally firm dentin is left (to retain remineralizable dentin). For deep lesions in teeth with vital pulps (without irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis), maintaining pulp vitality is the priority. Dentists should aim to avoid pulp exposure and accept leaving soft or leathery dentin in areas close to the dental pulp, while at the periphery, carious tissue should be removed until hard tissue is felt, ensuring that any remaining bacteria are sealed and inactivated and that the restoration has sufficient mechanical support against masticatory forces. An alternative for deep lesions is stepwise removal. Carious tissue strategies where no carious tissue removal at all is performed include sealing using plastic materials or stainless steel crowns, or non-restorative cavity control. Summary A range of carious tissue removal strategies are available and should be applied according to lesion characteristics, pulp vitality, and other patient related factors. Always striving to remove carious tooth tissue until hard dentin remains is not in line with current evidence and not recommended.
Mark S Boyce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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global declines of caribou and reindeer
Global Change Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Liv Solveig Vors, Mark S BoyceAbstract:Caribou and reindeer herds are declining across their circumpolar range, coincident with increasing arctic temperatures and precipitation, and anthropogenic landscape change. Here, we examine the mechanisms by which climate warming and anthropogenic landscape change influence caribou and reindeer population dynamics, namely changes in phenology, spatiotemporal changes in species overlap, and increased frequency of extreme weather events, and demonstrate that many caribou and reindeer herds show demographic signals consistent with these changes. While many caribou and reindeer populations historically fluctuated, the current, synchronous population declines emphasize the species' vulnerability to global change. Loss of caribou and reindeer will have significant, negative socioeconomic consequences for northern indigenous cultures.
John C. Patton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite DNA Variation in Domestic Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and Relationships with Wild Caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti, Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus, and Rangifer tarandus caribou)
The Journal of heredity, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew A. Cronin, Michael D. Macneil, John C. PattonAbstract:Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Alaska are semidomestic livestock descended from 1280 animals introduced from Siberia, Russia, approximately 100 years ago. Genetic variation at 18 microsatellite DNA loci and the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was quantified in reindeer from Alaska, Siberia (Russia), and Scandinavia and compared with wild North American caribou. Mean sequence divergence among 15 mtDNA haplotypes in reindeer was 0.007 substitutions per nucleotide site, and reindeer mtDNA is polyphyletic with caribou mtDNA. Microsatellite allele and mtDNA haplotype frequencies are similar between Alaskan and Russian reindeer and differentiated between these and Scandinavian reindeer. The frequencies of microsatellite alleles and mtDNA haplotypes are different in reindeer and wild caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti, Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus, and Rangifer tarandus caribou). Alaskan reindeer have maintained a genetic variation comparable to that in Russia and differentiated from that of wild caribou, >100 years after their introduction to Alaska.
Jo Frencken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current Concepts in Carious Tissue Removal
Current Oral Health Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Falk Schwendicke, Jo Frencken, Nicola InnesAbstract:Purpose of Review To summarize current concepts in carious tissue removal. Recent Findings Traditionally, caries has been seen as an infectious disease and was treated by attempted complete removal of all cariogenic bacteria. The logical traditional aim of carious tissue removal—removing all bacteria from carious lesions—no longer applies. The contemporary aim of carious tissue removal is to maximize restoration longevity, without unnecessarily removing sound or remineralizable dentin. This is based on recent perspectives that dental caries is a biofilm-based and lifestyle-mediated disorder. In shallow lesions, as much carious tissue as possible should be removed, with removal until hard dentin is felt around the periphery of a cavity (to maximize restoration survival and seal the cavity) while centrally firm dentin is left (to retain remineralizable dentin). For deep lesions in teeth with vital pulps (without irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis), maintaining pulp vitality is the priority. Dentists should aim to avoid pulp exposure and accept leaving soft or leathery dentin in areas close to the dental pulp, while at the periphery, carious tissue should be removed until hard tissue is felt, ensuring that any remaining bacteria are sealed and inactivated and that the restoration has sufficient mechanical support against masticatory forces. An alternative for deep lesions is stepwise removal. Carious tissue strategies where no carious tissue removal at all is performed include sealing using plastic materials or stainless steel crowns, or non-restorative cavity control. Summary A range of carious tissue removal strategies are available and should be applied according to lesion characteristics, pulp vitality, and other patient related factors. Always striving to remove carious tooth tissue until hard dentin remains is not in line with current evidence and not recommended.