The Experts below are selected from a list of 348 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael Cherbonneau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carjacking and the management of natural surveillance
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2019Co-Authors: Bruce A. Jacobs, Michael CherbonneauAbstract:Abstract Natural surveillance has long been a central feature of criminological discourse and is thought to be a potent source of deterrence. The current paper explores how a sample of active carjackers manages the prospect of “being seen,” focusing on three specific decision-making protocols: Isolation, speed, and the exploitation of audience indifference. Conceptual attention focuses on the application of the perceptual heuristic “awareness contexts” (Glaser & Strauss, 1964) to reconcile two seemingly disconnected strands of criminological inquiry—one that positions offenders as recklessly impulsive, the other that postures them as calculative and deterrable.
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Perceived Sanction Threats and Projective Risk Sensitivity: Auto Theft, Carjacking, and the Channeling Effect
Justice Quarterly, 2018Co-Authors: Bruce A. Jacobs, Michael CherbonneauAbstract:Although sanction threats promote fear, among committed offenders, that fear can become a resource with which to sculpt emerging crime preferences. In such cases, criminality is not deterred but channeled. We explore the channeling process here as it relates to auto theft and Carjacking. Our qualitative findings reveal that auto thieves are reluctant to embrace the violence of Carjacking due to concerns over sanction threat severity they attributed to Carjacking—both formal (higher sentences) and informal (victim resistance and retaliation). Meanwhile, the carjackers are reticent to enact auto theft because of the more uncertain and putatively greater risk of being surprised by victims, a fear that appears to overcome the enhanced long-term formal penalty of taking a vehicle by force. We examine the implications of offenders’ decision-making for the analytic intersection of rational choice and deterrence, offering the notion of projective risk sensitivity to encapsulate the process.
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Getting the Upper Hand Scripts for Managing Victim Resistance in Carjackings
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2011Co-Authors: Heith Copes, Andy Hochstetler, Michael CherbonneauAbstract:Increasing theoretical and empirical interest has turned to the process and dynamics of offender decision making and to how offenders commit discrete acts of crime. One outcome is attention to how offenders manage risks they view as significant. Here, the authors examine how carjackers script and manage victim resistance—the foremost obstacle in the accomplishment of robbery. Using semi-structured interviews with 30 carjackers, the authors explore their perspectives on the ramifications of victim resistance and their strategies to forestall and control it. The authors find that offenders are cognizant that resistance interferes with their goals and that mistakes in managing their victims not only lead to unsuccessful Carjackings but also threaten their safety. Much of the scripting of criminal opportunity and the enactment of Carjacking are explained, therefore, by strategies offenders use to minimize the chances that victims can resist. Discussion focuses on the implications of findings for theories of o...
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MEDIA CONSTRUCTION OF Carjacking: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES FROM 1993–2002
Journal of Crime and Justice, 2003Co-Authors: Michael Cherbonneau, Heith CopesAbstract:Studies addressing media coverage of crime have concluded that newspapers devote inordinate attention to sensational crime events. This style of reporting has been attributed to the creation of mor...
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media construction of Carjacking a content analysis of newspaper articles from 1993 2002
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2003Co-Authors: Michael Cherbonneau, Heith CopesAbstract:Studies addressing media coverage of crime have concluded that newspapers devote inordinate attention to sensational crime events. This style of reporting has been attributed to the creation of mor...
Bruce A. Jacobs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carjacking and the management of natural surveillance
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2019Co-Authors: Bruce A. Jacobs, Michael CherbonneauAbstract:Abstract Natural surveillance has long been a central feature of criminological discourse and is thought to be a potent source of deterrence. The current paper explores how a sample of active carjackers manages the prospect of “being seen,” focusing on three specific decision-making protocols: Isolation, speed, and the exploitation of audience indifference. Conceptual attention focuses on the application of the perceptual heuristic “awareness contexts” (Glaser & Strauss, 1964) to reconcile two seemingly disconnected strands of criminological inquiry—one that positions offenders as recklessly impulsive, the other that postures them as calculative and deterrable.
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Perceived Sanction Threats and Projective Risk Sensitivity: Auto Theft, Carjacking, and the Channeling Effect
Justice Quarterly, 2018Co-Authors: Bruce A. Jacobs, Michael CherbonneauAbstract:Although sanction threats promote fear, among committed offenders, that fear can become a resource with which to sculpt emerging crime preferences. In such cases, criminality is not deterred but channeled. We explore the channeling process here as it relates to auto theft and Carjacking. Our qualitative findings reveal that auto thieves are reluctant to embrace the violence of Carjacking due to concerns over sanction threat severity they attributed to Carjacking—both formal (higher sentences) and informal (victim resistance and retaliation). Meanwhile, the carjackers are reticent to enact auto theft because of the more uncertain and putatively greater risk of being surprised by victims, a fear that appears to overcome the enhanced long-term formal penalty of taking a vehicle by force. We examine the implications of offenders’ decision-making for the analytic intersection of rational choice and deterrence, offering the notion of projective risk sensitivity to encapsulate the process.
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Neutralization Without Drift: Criminal Commitment Among Persistent Offenders
British Journal of Criminology, 2014Co-Authors: Bruce A. Jacobs, Heith CopesAbstract:Prior research suggests that serious predatory offenders are sufficiently committed to illicit conduct that they must neutralize good behaviour, rather than bad behaviour. Drawing from a sample of offenders who commit Carjacking, we question that assumption. Specifically, our data reveal the manner in which such offenders neutralize bad conduct without meaningfully drifting. The notion of ‘neutralization without drift’ represents a theoretical refinement of neutralization theory and an extension of core conceptualization in the interpretation of criminal commitment. Through this concept, we attempt to make sense of how persistent predatory offenders who commit Carjacking are able to embrace aggression, explain that it’s not ‘really them’, neutralize bad rather than good conduct, yet retain their status as committed criminals.
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The Manipulation of Fear in Carjacking
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 2013Co-Authors: Bruce A. JacobsAbstract:Although prior studies on robbery decision making have explored how offenders manipulate fear in the coercive process, research has paid little attention to the issue as it relates to Carjacking. The gap is significant given that Carjacking requires offenders to neutralize victims who are inherently mobile and who can use their vehicles as both weapons and shields. Based on qualitative interviews with 24 active carjackers, the present paper explores this issue and the data’s grounded-theoretic significance for coercive decision making in predatory social exchange. In particular, the article examines fear as an essential intervening variable that links threat to compliance. It also explores how offenders manipulate the “severity” dimension of threat to influence the certainty and celerity of compliance. The approach taken here offers an advancement in the study of coercion and a refinement of the compliance generation process itself.
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Carjacking and Copresence
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2012Co-Authors: Bruce A. JacobsAbstract:Drawing from in-depth qualitative interviews, this research note explores how Carjacking offenders establish copresence with victims. Two tactics are explored: normalcy illusions and blitzes. The paper links these tactics conceptually to the delivery of coercive actions.Discussion focuses on the offenders’ manipulation of celerity and publicity in the approach process and its implications for compliance generation in an alternative coercive climate.
Heith Copes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neutralization Without Drift: Criminal Commitment Among Persistent Offenders
British Journal of Criminology, 2014Co-Authors: Bruce A. Jacobs, Heith CopesAbstract:Prior research suggests that serious predatory offenders are sufficiently committed to illicit conduct that they must neutralize good behaviour, rather than bad behaviour. Drawing from a sample of offenders who commit Carjacking, we question that assumption. Specifically, our data reveal the manner in which such offenders neutralize bad conduct without meaningfully drifting. The notion of ‘neutralization without drift’ represents a theoretical refinement of neutralization theory and an extension of core conceptualization in the interpretation of criminal commitment. Through this concept, we attempt to make sense of how persistent predatory offenders who commit Carjacking are able to embrace aggression, explain that it’s not ‘really them’, neutralize bad rather than good conduct, yet retain their status as committed criminals.
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Getting the Upper Hand Scripts for Managing Victim Resistance in Carjackings
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2011Co-Authors: Heith Copes, Andy Hochstetler, Michael CherbonneauAbstract:Increasing theoretical and empirical interest has turned to the process and dynamics of offender decision making and to how offenders commit discrete acts of crime. One outcome is attention to how offenders manage risks they view as significant. Here, the authors examine how carjackers script and manage victim resistance—the foremost obstacle in the accomplishment of robbery. Using semi-structured interviews with 30 carjackers, the authors explore their perspectives on the ramifications of victim resistance and their strategies to forestall and control it. The authors find that offenders are cognizant that resistance interferes with their goals and that mistakes in managing their victims not only lead to unsuccessful Carjackings but also threaten their safety. Much of the scripting of criminal opportunity and the enactment of Carjacking are explained, therefore, by strategies offenders use to minimize the chances that victims can resist. Discussion focuses on the implications of findings for theories of o...
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"That's Not Who I Am:" How Offenders Commit Violent Acts and Reject Authentically Violent Selves
Justice Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Andy Hochstetler, Heith Copes, J. Patrick WilliamsAbstract:Participation in contemporary street cultures often exposes individuals to a world characterized by violence. The participants in this study admitted to frequent experience with violence and regular use of it. Many viewed violence as an appropriate response to some situations, though they often worked to avoid negative connotations of such behavior, especially ascriptions of an “authentically” violent self. Using an interactionist framework, we explore the processes by which offenders who engage in violent crimes resist being labeled as authentically violent. Drawing from data from semi-structured interviews with 30 offenders who engaged in Carjackings, we analyze contrastive statements they employed to resist a violent self-concept and label. Offenders differentiated their own violent behaviors, as situational and excusable, from behaviors that characterize authentically violent others. Understanding these processes sheds light on criminal identities and gives insights into attempts to change offender behavior by altering self-conceptions.
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MEDIA CONSTRUCTION OF Carjacking: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES FROM 1993–2002
Journal of Crime and Justice, 2003Co-Authors: Michael Cherbonneau, Heith CopesAbstract:Studies addressing media coverage of crime have concluded that newspapers devote inordinate attention to sensational crime events. This style of reporting has been attributed to the creation of mor...
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media construction of Carjacking a content analysis of newspaper articles from 1993 2002
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2003Co-Authors: Michael Cherbonneau, Heith CopesAbstract:Studies addressing media coverage of crime have concluded that newspapers devote inordinate attention to sensational crime events. This style of reporting has been attributed to the creation of mor...
Kim Michelle Lersch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risky places: An analysis of Carjackings in Detroit☆
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2017Co-Authors: Kim Michelle LerschAbstract:The purpose of this research is to apply Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) to identify spatial indicators that may place citizens at higher risk for Carjackings in the City of Detroit, Michigan, USA. While a number of risk factors were tested, the RTM Diagnostic utility identified six that were influential in the best fitting model: proximity to service stations; convenience/grocery/liquor stores; bus stops; residential and commercial demolitions; and areas with high concentrations of drug arrests and restaurants. These factors resulted in relative risk scores that ranged from 1 for the lowest risk areas to 278 for the highest risk areas. This implied that certain locations had an expected rate of Carjacking that was 278 times higher than other locations.
Andy Hochstetler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Getting the Upper Hand Scripts for Managing Victim Resistance in Carjackings
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2011Co-Authors: Heith Copes, Andy Hochstetler, Michael CherbonneauAbstract:Increasing theoretical and empirical interest has turned to the process and dynamics of offender decision making and to how offenders commit discrete acts of crime. One outcome is attention to how offenders manage risks they view as significant. Here, the authors examine how carjackers script and manage victim resistance—the foremost obstacle in the accomplishment of robbery. Using semi-structured interviews with 30 carjackers, the authors explore their perspectives on the ramifications of victim resistance and their strategies to forestall and control it. The authors find that offenders are cognizant that resistance interferes with their goals and that mistakes in managing their victims not only lead to unsuccessful Carjackings but also threaten their safety. Much of the scripting of criminal opportunity and the enactment of Carjacking are explained, therefore, by strategies offenders use to minimize the chances that victims can resist. Discussion focuses on the implications of findings for theories of o...
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"That's Not Who I Am:" How Offenders Commit Violent Acts and Reject Authentically Violent Selves
Justice Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Andy Hochstetler, Heith Copes, J. Patrick WilliamsAbstract:Participation in contemporary street cultures often exposes individuals to a world characterized by violence. The participants in this study admitted to frequent experience with violence and regular use of it. Many viewed violence as an appropriate response to some situations, though they often worked to avoid negative connotations of such behavior, especially ascriptions of an “authentically” violent self. Using an interactionist framework, we explore the processes by which offenders who engage in violent crimes resist being labeled as authentically violent. Drawing from data from semi-structured interviews with 30 offenders who engaged in Carjackings, we analyze contrastive statements they employed to resist a violent self-concept and label. Offenders differentiated their own violent behaviors, as situational and excusable, from behaviors that characterize authentically violent others. Understanding these processes sheds light on criminal identities and gives insights into attempts to change offender behavior by altering self-conceptions.