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Masamichi Kuwajima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiomegaly in the juvenile visceral steatosis jvs mouse is reduced with acute elevation of heart short chain acyl Carnitine level after l Carnitine injection
FEBS Letters, 1999Co-Authors: Masamichi Kuwajima, Masahisa Horiuchi, Hideyoshi Harashima, Miyuki Hayashi, Masako Sei, Kiyokazu Ozaki, Tomoko Kudo, Hiroshi Kamido, Akira Ono, Takeyori SahekiAbstract:The long-term administration of l-Carnitine was very effective in preventing cardiomegaly in juvenile visceral steatosis (JVS) mice, which was confirmed by heart weight as well as the lipid contents in heart tissue. After i.p. injection of l-Carnitine, the concentration of free Carnitine in heart remained constant, although serum free Carnitine level increased up to 80-fold. On the other hand, a significant increase in short-chain acyl-Carnitine level in heart was observed. These results suggest that increased levels of short-chain acyl-Carnitine, not free Carnitine, might be a key compound in the protective effect of l-Carnitine administration in JVS mice.
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Altered expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II in liver, muscle, and heart of mouse strain with juvenile visceral steatosis.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1996Co-Authors: Kikuko Hotta, Masamichi Kuwajima, R. Uenaka, Hiromu Nakajima, Masahisa Horiuchi, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Mitsuyoshi Namba, Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, Hiroko NikaidoAbstract:Abstract We conducted a quantitative study of the effect of Carnitine deficiency on the mRNA level of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II in the liver, muscle and heart of mice with juvenile visceral steatosis, a strain that is systemically deficient in Carnitine. The amount of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II mRNA was increased in liver and muscle of homoxygotes, as compared with heterozygotes and normal controls, at 2, 4, and 8 wk of age. The mRNA levels of this enzyme were normalized after Carnitine administration. The mRNA level of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II in the heart was increased only at 8 wk, and was not affected by Carnitine administration. These results suggest that Carnitine displays some effect on the mRNA level of the Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II gene in liver and muscle, probably through fatty acid metabolic change.
Masahisa Horiuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiomegaly in the juvenile visceral steatosis jvs mouse is reduced with acute elevation of heart short chain acyl Carnitine level after l Carnitine injection
FEBS Letters, 1999Co-Authors: Masamichi Kuwajima, Masahisa Horiuchi, Hideyoshi Harashima, Miyuki Hayashi, Masako Sei, Kiyokazu Ozaki, Tomoko Kudo, Hiroshi Kamido, Akira Ono, Takeyori SahekiAbstract:The long-term administration of l-Carnitine was very effective in preventing cardiomegaly in juvenile visceral steatosis (JVS) mice, which was confirmed by heart weight as well as the lipid contents in heart tissue. After i.p. injection of l-Carnitine, the concentration of free Carnitine in heart remained constant, although serum free Carnitine level increased up to 80-fold. On the other hand, a significant increase in short-chain acyl-Carnitine level in heart was observed. These results suggest that increased levels of short-chain acyl-Carnitine, not free Carnitine, might be a key compound in the protective effect of l-Carnitine administration in JVS mice.
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Altered expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II in liver, muscle, and heart of mouse strain with juvenile visceral steatosis.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1996Co-Authors: Kikuko Hotta, Masamichi Kuwajima, R. Uenaka, Hiromu Nakajima, Masahisa Horiuchi, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Mitsuyoshi Namba, Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, Hiroko NikaidoAbstract:Abstract We conducted a quantitative study of the effect of Carnitine deficiency on the mRNA level of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II in the liver, muscle and heart of mice with juvenile visceral steatosis, a strain that is systemically deficient in Carnitine. The amount of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II mRNA was increased in liver and muscle of homoxygotes, as compared with heterozygotes and normal controls, at 2, 4, and 8 wk of age. The mRNA levels of this enzyme were normalized after Carnitine administration. The mRNA level of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II in the heart was increased only at 8 wk, and was not affected by Carnitine administration. These results suggest that Carnitine displays some effect on the mRNA level of the Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II gene in liver and muscle, probably through fatty acid metabolic change.
Deborah M Muoio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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downregulation of Carnitine acyl Carnitine translocase by mirnas 132 and 212 amplifies glucose stimulated insulin secretion
Diabetes, 2014Co-Authors: Mufaddal Soni, Mary E Rabaglia, Sushant Bhatnagar, Jin Shang, Olga Ilkayeva, Randall L Mynatt, Yunping Zhou, Eric E Schadt, Nancy A Thornberry, Deborah M MuoioAbstract:We previously demonstrated that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) 132 and 212 are differentially upregulated in response to obesity in two mouse strains that differ in their susceptibility to obesity-induced diabetes. Here we show the overexpression of miRNAs 132 and 212 enhances insulin secretion (IS) in response to glucose and other secretagogues including nonfuel stimuli. We determined that Carnitine acyl-Carnitine translocase (CACT; Slc25a20) is a direct target of these miRNAs. CACT is responsible for transporting long-chain acyl-Carnitines into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. Small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of CACT in β-cells led to the accumulation of fatty acyl-Carnitines and enhanced IS. The addition of long-chain fatty acyl-Carnitines promoted IS from rat insulinoma β-cells (INS-1) as well as primary mouse islets. The effect on INS-1 cells was augmented in response to suppression of CACT. A nonhydrolyzable ether analog of palmitoyl-Carnitine stimulated IS, showing that β-oxidation of palmitoyl-Carnitine is not required for its stimulation of IS. These studies establish a link between miRNA-dependent regulation of CACT and fatty acyl-Carnitine–mediated regulation of IS.
Takeyori Saheki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiomegaly in the juvenile visceral steatosis jvs mouse is reduced with acute elevation of heart short chain acyl Carnitine level after l Carnitine injection
FEBS Letters, 1999Co-Authors: Masamichi Kuwajima, Masahisa Horiuchi, Hideyoshi Harashima, Miyuki Hayashi, Masako Sei, Kiyokazu Ozaki, Tomoko Kudo, Hiroshi Kamido, Akira Ono, Takeyori SahekiAbstract:The long-term administration of l-Carnitine was very effective in preventing cardiomegaly in juvenile visceral steatosis (JVS) mice, which was confirmed by heart weight as well as the lipid contents in heart tissue. After i.p. injection of l-Carnitine, the concentration of free Carnitine in heart remained constant, although serum free Carnitine level increased up to 80-fold. On the other hand, a significant increase in short-chain acyl-Carnitine level in heart was observed. These results suggest that increased levels of short-chain acyl-Carnitine, not free Carnitine, might be a key compound in the protective effect of l-Carnitine administration in JVS mice.
Stephan Krähenbühl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Carnitine, acetyl-, and propionylCarnitine supplementation on the body Carnitine pool, skeletal muscle composition, and physical performance in mice
European Journal of Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Réjane Morand, Jamal Bouitbir, Andrea Felser, Jürgen Hench, Christoph Handschin, Stephan Frank, Stephan KrähenbühlAbstract:Purpose Pharmacokinetics and effects on skeletal muscle and physical performance of oral acetylCarnitine and propionylCarnitine are not well characterized. We therefore investigated the influence of oral acetylCarnitine, propionylCarnitine, and Carnitine on body Carnitine homeostasis, energy metabolism, and physical performance in mice and compared the findings to non-supplemented control animals. Methods Mice were supplemented orally with 2 mmol/kg/day Carnitine, acetylCarnitine, or propionylCarnitine for 4 weeks and studied either at rest or after exhaustive exercise. Results In the supplemented groups, total plasma and urine Carnitine concentrations were significantly higher than in the control group receiving no Carnitine, whereas the skeletal muscle Carnitine content remained unchanged. The supplemented acylCarnitines were hydrolyzed in intestine and liver and reached the systemic circulation as Carnitine. Bioavailability of Carnitine and acylCarnitines, determined as the urinary excretion of total Carnitine, was in the range of 19 %. Skeletal muscle morphology, including fiber-type composition, was not affected, and oxygen consumption by soleus or gastrocnemius fibers was not different between the groups. Supplementation with Carnitine or acylCarnitines had no significant impact on the running capacity, but was associated with lower plasma lactate levels and a higher glycogen content in white skeletal muscle after exhaustive exercise. Conclusions Oral supplementation of Carnitine, acetylCarnitine, or propionylCarnitine in mice is associated with increased plasma and urine total Carnitine concentrations, but does not affect the skeletal muscle Carnitine content. Despite better preservation of skeletal muscle glycogen and lower plasma lactate levels, physical performance was not improved by Carnitine or acylCarnitine supplementation.