The Experts below are selected from a list of 20919 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David A. Lewis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
regional specificity of chandelier neuron axon terminal alterations in schizophrenia
Neuroscience, 2006Co-Authors: Glenn T Konopaske, Allan R. Sampson, Robert A. Sweet, David A. LewisAbstract:Abstract Background: The axon terminals of GABAergic chandelier cells form linear arrays, termed Cartridges, that synapse on the axon initial segment of neocortical pyramidal cells. These Cartridges are immunoreactive for the GABA membrane transporter-1, and the density of GABA membrane transporter-1-immunoreactive Cartridges in the prefrontal cortex has been reported to be reduced in schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to determine if reductions in the density of GABA membrane transporter-1-immunoreactive Cartridges in schizophrenia are restricted to the prefrontal cortex. Methods: Relative GABA membrane transporter-1-immunoreactive Cartridge density was determined in auditory association area 42, a region previously implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, in 14 matched pairs of subjects with schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects. The results were compared with similar data from prefrontal area 46 in the same subjects. Results: Mean GABA membrane transporter-1-immunoreactive Cartridge density in area 42 was decreased by 9.8% in layers II–IIIa, and by 11.9% in layer VI in subjects with schizophrenia, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance. However, the magnitude of the reductions in the density of GABA membrane transporter-1-immunoreactive Cartridges in area 42 of the subjects with schizophrenia was not significantly smaller than those in area 46. Conclusions: In subjects with schizophrenia, alterations in chandelier neuron axon Cartridges appear to be more marked in the prefrontal cortex than in another cortical region implicated in the illness, although such changes might not be restricted to the prefrontal cortex.
-
alterations in chandelier neuron axon terminals in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999Co-Authors: Joseph N Pierri, Adil S Chaudry, David A. LewisAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Abnormalities in prefrontal cortical γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. The density of chandelier neuron axon terminals (Cartridges) immunoreactive for the GABA membrane transporter (GAT-1) has been reported to be reduced in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects. Because Cartridges regulate the output of pyramidal cells, this study analyzed the laminar distribution of GAT-1-immunoreactive Cartridges to determine whether certain subpopulations of pyramidal cells are preferentially affected. METHOD: Measurements were made of the density of GAT-1-immunoreactive Cartridges in layers 2–3a, 3b–4, and 6 of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex area 46 in 30 subjects with schizophrenia, each of whom was matched to one normal and one psychiatric comparison subject. GAT-1-immunoreactive Cartridge density was also examined in monkeys chronically treated with haloperidol. RESULTS: Relative to both comparison groups, the sch...
Sara Fowler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
anesthetic efficacy of a combination of 4 prilocaine 2 lidocaine with epinephrine for the inferior alveolar nerve block a prospective randomized double blind study
Journal of Endodontics, 2018Co-Authors: Olivia Cook, John Nusstein, Al Reader, Sara Fowler, Melissa Drum, John DraperAbstract:Abstract Introduction Prilocaine plain has a high pH and concentration (4%), which could decrease the pain of injection and increase success. The purpose of this study was to compare pain associated with anesthetic solution deposition and the degree of pulpal anesthesia obtained with the combination of prilocaine and lidocaine versus a lidocaine and lidocaine combination when used for inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs). Methods One hundred eighteen asymptomatic subjects were randomly given a combination of 1 Cartridge of 4% prilocaine plain plus 1 Cartridge of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or a combination of 2 Cartridges of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for the IANB at 2 separate appointments. Subjects rated the pain associated with anesthetic solution deposition of injection. Mandibular teeth were tested with an electric pulp tester every 4 minutes for 57 minutes. Anesthesia was considered successful when 2 consecutive 80 readings were obtained within 17 minutes and the 80 reading was continuously sustained for 57 minutes. Comparisons for anesthetic success were analyzed using the exact McNemar test, and pain ratings associated with anesthetic solution deposition were analyzed using multiple Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank tests; both were adjusted using the step-down Bonferroni method of Holm. Results Four percent prilocaine plain was significantly less painful upon anesthetic solution deposition. Pulpal anesthetic success was not significantly different between the 2 combinations. Conclusions The combination of 4% prilocaine plain plus 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine did not increase pulpal anesthetic success for IANBs compared with a combination of 2 Cartridges of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Pain associated with anesthetic solution deposition from the first Cartridge of 4% prilocaine plain was significantly less when compared with the first Cartridge of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine.
-
does the combination of 3 mepivacaine plain plus 2 lidocaine with epinephrine improve anesthesia and reduce the pain of anesthetic injection for the inferior alveolar nerve block a prospective randomized double blind study
Journal of Endodontics, 2014Co-Authors: Emily Lammers, John Nusstein, Al Reader, Melissa Drum, Mike Beck, Sara FowlerAbstract:Abstract Introduction In theory, using 3% mepivacaine initially for an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block would decrease the pain of injection, provide faster onset, and increase anesthetic success. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the degree of pulpal anesthesia obtained with a combination of 3% mepivacaine/2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) versus a combination of 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine)/2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) in IAN blocks. Injection pain was also studied. Methods One hundred asymptomatic subjects were randomly given a combination of a 1-Cartridge volume of 3% mepivacaine plus a 1-Cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and a combination of a 1-Cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine plus a 1-Cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for the IAN block at 2 separate appointments. Subjects rated the pain of injection. The molars, premolars, and incisors were tested with an electric pulp tester in 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes. Anesthetic success was defined as the subject achieving 2 consecutive 80 readings within 15 minutes after completion of the IAN blocks and sustaining the 80 reading for 60 minutes. Results Success was not significantly different ( P > .05) between the 2 combinations. No statistical differences in injection pain or onset times were found. Conclusions The combination of 3% mepivacaine plus 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was equivalent to the combination of 2 Cartridges of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in terms of injection pain, onset time, and pulpal anesthetic success for the IAN block.
Willem J. G. Melchers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the indicating fta elute Cartridge a solid sample carrier to detect high risk hpv and high grade cervical lesions
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 2011Co-Authors: Channa E. Schmeink, Judith M.j.e. Bakkers, Peter J.f. Snijders, Leon F A G Massuger, Ruud L M Bekkers, Wim G. V. Quint, Willem J. G. MelchersAbstract:The clinically validated high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) and GP5+/6+-PCR assays were analyzed on an Indicating FTA Elute Cartridge (FTA Cartridge). The FTA Cartridge is a solid dry carrier that allows safe transport of cervical samples. FTA Cartridge samples were compared with liquid-based samples for hrHPV and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) detection. One cervical sample was collected in a liquid-based medium, and one was applied to the FTA Cartridge. DNA was eluted directly from the FTA Cartridge by a simple elution step. HC2 and GP5+/6+-PCR assays were performed on both the liquid-based and the FTA-eluted DNA of 88 women. Overall agreement between FTA and liquid-based samples for the presence of hrHPV was 90.9% with GP5+/6+-PCR and 77.3% with HC2. The sensitivity for high-grade CIN of hrHPV testing on the FTA Cartridges was 84.6% with GP5+/6+-PCR and only 53.8% with HC2. By comparison, these sensitivities on liquid-based samples were 92.3% and 100% for GP5+/6+-PCR and HC2, respectively. Therefore, the FTA Cartridge shows reasonably good overall agreement for hrHPV detection with liquid-based media when using GP5+/6+-PCR but not HC2 testing. Even with GP5+/6+-PCR, the FTA Cartridge is not yet capable of detecting all high-grade CIN lesions.
-
Detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus in self-obtained cervicovaginal samples by using the FTA Cartridge: New possibilities for cervical cancer screening
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Charlotte H. Lenselink, Roosmarie P. De Bie, Dennis Van Hamont, Judith M.j.e. Bakkers, Leon F A G Massuger, Ruud L M Bekkers, Wim G. V. Quint, Willem J. G. MelchersAbstract:This study assesses human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and genotyping in self-sampled genital smears applied to an indicating FTA elute Cartridge (FTA Cartridge). The study group consisted of 96 women, divided into two sample sets. All samples were analyzed by the HPV SPF(10)-Line Blot 25. Set 1 consisted of 45 women attending the gynecologist; all obtained a self-sampled cervicovaginal smear, which was applied to an FTA Cartridge. HPV results were compared to a cervical smear (liquid based) taken by a trained physician. Set 2 consisted of 51 women who obtained a self-sampled cervicovaginal smear at home, which was applied to an FTA Cartridge and to a liquid-based medium. DNA was obtained from the FTA Cartridges by simple elution as well as extraction. Of all self-obtained samples of set 1, 62.2% tested HPV positive. The overall agreement between self- and physician-obtained samples was 93.3%, in favor of the self-obtained samples. In sample set 2, 25.5% tested HPV positive. The overall agreement for high-risk HPV presence between the FTA Cartridge and liquid-based medium and between DNA elution and extraction was 100%. This study shows that HPV detection and genotyping in self-obtained cervicovaginal samples applied to an FTA Cartridge is highly reliable. It shows a high level of overall agreement with HPV detection and genotyping in physician-obtained cervical smears and liquid-based self-samples. DNA can be obtained by simple elution and is therefore easy, cheap, and fast. Furthermore, the FTA Cartridge is a convenient medium for collection and safe transport at ambient temperatures. Therefore, this method may contribute to a new way of cervical cancer screening.
Herbert Wachtel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Improving usability and maintaining performance: human-factor and aerosol-performance studies evaluating the new reusable Respimat inhaler
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2019Co-Authors: Rajiv Dhand, Joachim Eicher, M Hänsel, Ingeborg Jost, Martin Meisenheimer, Herbert WachtelAbstract:Purpose The Respimat is a handheld, propellant-free, soft-mist inhaler. Observations by patients and physicians prompted development of an improved second-generation Respimat inhaler. Human-factor studies assessing the usability of the new inhaler and in vitro assessment of aerosol performance are important to demonstrate functionality of the updated inhaler. Methods Studies were performed to assess any possible impact of the reusable Respimat inhaler design on aerosol performance (delivered dose [DD] and fine-particle dose [FPD]) and iteratively assess and improve usability of the new design. The tiotropium-olodaterol inhalation solution for Respimat was used as a model. The DD and FPD of the reusable Respimat inhaler (across multiple Cartridges) and the disposable Respimat inhaler were determined by laser diffraction and with an alternative Andersen cascade impactor. Usability was measured across three studies involving health care professionals and patients with diagnoses of COPD, asthma, or combined disease (with and without experience with the Respimat inhaler). These studies measured performance of handling tasks and collected subjective feedback directly related to the inhaler's new or altered features, which fed into optimization of the inhaler. Results DDs of tiotropium and olodaterol were stable up to 15 Cartridges and consistently within the upper and lower limits of the disposable Respimat inhaler. The FPD was also found to be batch-consistent over the Cartridges and comparable with the reference. The usability of the reusable Respimat inhaler compared with the disposable inhaler was improved in terms of assembly and daily use. Cartridge exchange was rated as intuitive and easy to very easy. Conclusion The new reusable Respimat is a medical inhaler developed with enhanced features that meets health care professionals' and patients' needs. Drug delivery across multiple Cartridges is not affected by the design. Compared with the original disposable inhaler, the usability of the reusable inhaler has been improved, and Cartridge exchange was rated as easy to perform. The reusable Respimat provides greater convenience for patients vs the disposable inhaler, with reduced environmental impact.
Haiyan Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The relationship between peak pressure and residual dust of a pulse-jet Cartridge filter
Powder Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Qianqian Li, Yunlou Qian, Fu Geng, Jincang Song, Mingxing Zhang, Haiyan ChenAbstract:Abstract To understand the relationship between peak pressure and residual dust of a pulse-jet Cartridge filter, the impact of filtration velocity, jetting pressure and nozzle diameter on cleaning effect of the pulse-jet Cartridge filter was examined in a semi industrial pulse-jet Cartridge filter using several pleated filter Cartridges (Φ350 × 1000 mm). The filter was made of polyester and was coated with PTFE (Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene) membrane. Results show that filtration velocity could significantly affect the systematic resistance and the residual dust cakes. The smaller the filtration velocity, the less the residual dust cakes and the smaller the systematic resistance. The residual dust cakes are closely related to the peak pressure inside the filter Cartridge. After pulse-jet cleaning, the bigger the peak pressures, the less the residual dust is. However, when the peak pressure increases to a certain threshold, the influence of filtration velocity on the dust-cleaning effect is no longer obvious. By curve fitting, the relations between peak pressures and residual dust cakes at a filtration velocity of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 m/min are: y = 1.0715e ^ (− 0.0004x), y = 1.4043e ^ (− 0.0005x) and y = 1.5476e ^ (− 0.0005x), respectively. Experimental results indicate that the peak pressure is a valid and reliable index for evaluating the dust-cleaning effect of a pulse-jet Cartridge filter.
-
effect of induced airflow on the surface static pressure of pleated fabric filter Cartridges during pulse jet cleaning
Powder Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Haiyan ChenAbstract:Abstract Filter Cartridges with higher pleat ratios and larger filter surfaces are often cleaned incompletely because of the great variation in the static pressure distribution along the surface of filter Cartridges during the pulse jet cleaning process. This study examined the static pressure distribution of filter Cartridges and attempted to reduce the incidence of incomplete cleaning, particularly at the top of a filter Cartridge, where less static pressure could cause systematic unstable operations. Pressure loss and static pressure behavior were observed across pleated filter Cartridges in a dust collector during the pulse jet cleaning process. The instantaneous pressure drops of pleated filters were measured, and filter aging over time was recorded. The pressure drops of pleated filters with induced airflows are less significant than those without induced airflows. The static pressure and the continuous pressure time on the filter Cartridges surfaces were obtained using a pressure transducer. The induced airflow was used to alter the static pressure distribution along the filter Cartridge surface. The air axial velocity gradually decreased from the supersonic induced nozzle and through the air diffuser. Otherwise, radial velocity increased before encountering the filter Cartridge surface, and the dynamic pressure was quickly converted into static pressure at the top of the filter Cartridge before being transported to the middle of the filter Cartridge and then immediately to the bottom. Sometimes, partial airflow moved into the filter Cartridges and rebounded from the bottom of the filter Cartridges, thereby forming partial static pressure at the bottom. Thus, the static pressure decreased from the top of the filter Cartridge to the bottom. The experimental results show that the static pressure at the top area of the filter Cartridges is 23–17 kPa and the static pressure at the bottom area of the filter Cartridges is 4.7–1.6 kPa via the operational time with the 0.6 MPa tank pressure in our experiment. The measured results are in good agreement with our photos. This variation resolved the cleaning difficulty at the top of the filter Cartridge and maintained the entire systematic sustainable operation.