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Mats Thulin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A plant that Linnaeus forgot: taxonomic revision of Rhodalsine (Caryophyllaceae)
Willdenowia, 2017Co-Authors: Anneleen Kool, Mats ThulinAbstract:The mainly Mediterranean genus Rhodalsine (Caryophyllaceae) is revised and a single species, R. geniculata, is recognized, distributed from the Canary Islands in the west to Somalia in the east. Th ...
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a giant spurrey on a tiny island on the phylogenetic position of sanctambrosia manicata Caryophyllaceae and the generic circumscriptions of spergula spergularia and rhodalsine
Taxon, 2017Co-Authors: Anneleen Kool, Mats ThulinAbstract:The only member of the generally herbaceous family Caryophyllaceae that may grow to a small tree is Sanctambrosia manicata, endemic to remote San Ambrosio Island, off the coast of Chile. The monosp ...
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Sanctambrosia manicata (Caryophyllaceae), a giant spurrey on a tiny island
2012Co-Authors: Anneleen Kool, Mats ThulinAbstract:Background. Caryophyllaceae is a large and cosmopolitic flowering plant family, however the systematics of many of its basal groups has been unclear, due to a lack of unambiguous morphology. Some members of Caryophyllaceae are used medicinally, e.g. Corrigiola roots in Morocco. Monitoring the trade in medicinal plants is complicated due to the absence of useful identification characters in plant products such as roots, bark, and powders.This thesis aims at elucidating the systematics and the ethnobotany of some of the basal clades in Caryophyllaceae. Methods. A comprehensive sampling from herbarium as well as market and field collected material was used in systematic studies combining morphological investigation, molecular phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses. Results. The data show that Polycarpon is polyphyletic, that Sphaerocoma is sister to Pollichia and shows some intraspecific variation, that Sanctambrosia falls within the genus Spergularia, and that both Spergula and Spergularia are monophyletic. Preliminary data suggest that Polycarpaea is polyphyletic and should be split into three larger and several smaller genera, that the members of Paronychia subgen. Anaplonychia will need to be transferred to Herniaria to maintain monophyly, and that Caryophyllaceae emerged during the Paleocene. All the major extant lineages originated in the Oligocene and diversified later. Using molecular identification it was possible to identify around 50% of the Moroccan medicinal roots to species level and an additional 30% to genus level. Discussion and conclusions. The polyphyletic Polycarpon needs to be split into at least three separate genera, but no name changes were made pending further research. The two species of Sphaerocoma were merged into one species with two subspecies. The San Ambrosio Island endemic Sanctambrosia, the only tree-like plant in Caryophyllaceae, is probably the result of a long distance dispersal event and its woody habit and gynodioecy are probably caused by inbreeding depression. Sanctambrosia manicata is transferred to Spergularia. Molecular identification put into practice on traded medicinal roots has a somewhat lower success rate than most theoretical studies, indicating that a global barcoding database would need to include reference sequences from a broad range of populations for each species.
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Bristly versus juicy: Phylogenetic position and taxonomy of Sphaerocoma (Caryophyllaceae)
TAXON, 2012Co-Authors: Anneleen Kool, Allison Perrigo, Mats ThulinAbstract:Background. Caryophyllaceae is a large and cosmopolitic flowering plant family, however the systematics of many of its basal groups has been unclear, due to a lack of unambiguous morphology. Some members of Caryophyllaceae are used medicinally, e.g. Corrigiola roots in Morocco. Monitoring the trade in medicinal plants is complicated due to the absence of useful identification characters in plant products such as roots, bark, and powders.This thesis aims at elucidating the systematics and the ethnobotany of some of the basal clades in Caryophyllaceae. Methods. A comprehensive sampling from herbarium as well as market and field collected material was used in systematic studies combining morphological investigation, molecular phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses. Results. The data show that Polycarpon is polyphyletic, that Sphaerocoma is sister to Pollichia and shows some intraspecific variation, that Sanctambrosia falls within the genus Spergularia, and that both Spergula and Spergularia are monophyletic. Preliminary data suggest that Polycarpaea is polyphyletic and should be split into three larger and several smaller genera, that the members of Paronychia subgen. Anaplonychia will need to be transferred to Herniaria to maintain monophyly, and that Caryophyllaceae emerged during the Paleocene. All the major extant lineages originated in the Oligocene and diversified later. Using molecular identification it was possible to identify around 50% of the Moroccan medicinal roots to species level and an additional 30% to genus level. Discussion and conclusions. The polyphyletic Polycarpon needs to be split into at least three separate genera, but no name changes were made pending further research. The two species of Sphaerocoma were merged into one species with two subspecies. The San Ambrosio Island endemic Sanctambrosia, the only tree-like plant in Caryophyllaceae, is probably the result of a long distance dispersal event and its woody habit and gynodioecy are probably caused by inbreeding depression. Sanctambrosia manicata is transferred to Spergularia. Molecular identification put into practice on traded medicinal roots has a somewhat lower success rate than most theoretical studies, indicating that a global barcoding database would need to include reference sequences from a broad range of populations for each species.
Anneleen Kool - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A plant that Linnaeus forgot: taxonomic revision of Rhodalsine (Caryophyllaceae)
Willdenowia, 2017Co-Authors: Anneleen Kool, Mats ThulinAbstract:The mainly Mediterranean genus Rhodalsine (Caryophyllaceae) is revised and a single species, R. geniculata, is recognized, distributed from the Canary Islands in the west to Somalia in the east. Th ...
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a giant spurrey on a tiny island on the phylogenetic position of sanctambrosia manicata Caryophyllaceae and the generic circumscriptions of spergula spergularia and rhodalsine
Taxon, 2017Co-Authors: Anneleen Kool, Mats ThulinAbstract:The only member of the generally herbaceous family Caryophyllaceae that may grow to a small tree is Sanctambrosia manicata, endemic to remote San Ambrosio Island, off the coast of Chile. The monosp ...
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Sanctambrosia manicata (Caryophyllaceae), a giant spurrey on a tiny island
2012Co-Authors: Anneleen Kool, Mats ThulinAbstract:Background. Caryophyllaceae is a large and cosmopolitic flowering plant family, however the systematics of many of its basal groups has been unclear, due to a lack of unambiguous morphology. Some members of Caryophyllaceae are used medicinally, e.g. Corrigiola roots in Morocco. Monitoring the trade in medicinal plants is complicated due to the absence of useful identification characters in plant products such as roots, bark, and powders.This thesis aims at elucidating the systematics and the ethnobotany of some of the basal clades in Caryophyllaceae. Methods. A comprehensive sampling from herbarium as well as market and field collected material was used in systematic studies combining morphological investigation, molecular phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses. Results. The data show that Polycarpon is polyphyletic, that Sphaerocoma is sister to Pollichia and shows some intraspecific variation, that Sanctambrosia falls within the genus Spergularia, and that both Spergula and Spergularia are monophyletic. Preliminary data suggest that Polycarpaea is polyphyletic and should be split into three larger and several smaller genera, that the members of Paronychia subgen. Anaplonychia will need to be transferred to Herniaria to maintain monophyly, and that Caryophyllaceae emerged during the Paleocene. All the major extant lineages originated in the Oligocene and diversified later. Using molecular identification it was possible to identify around 50% of the Moroccan medicinal roots to species level and an additional 30% to genus level. Discussion and conclusions. The polyphyletic Polycarpon needs to be split into at least three separate genera, but no name changes were made pending further research. The two species of Sphaerocoma were merged into one species with two subspecies. The San Ambrosio Island endemic Sanctambrosia, the only tree-like plant in Caryophyllaceae, is probably the result of a long distance dispersal event and its woody habit and gynodioecy are probably caused by inbreeding depression. Sanctambrosia manicata is transferred to Spergularia. Molecular identification put into practice on traded medicinal roots has a somewhat lower success rate than most theoretical studies, indicating that a global barcoding database would need to include reference sequences from a broad range of populations for each species.
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Bristly versus juicy: Phylogenetic position and taxonomy of Sphaerocoma (Caryophyllaceae)
TAXON, 2012Co-Authors: Anneleen Kool, Allison Perrigo, Mats ThulinAbstract:Background. Caryophyllaceae is a large and cosmopolitic flowering plant family, however the systematics of many of its basal groups has been unclear, due to a lack of unambiguous morphology. Some members of Caryophyllaceae are used medicinally, e.g. Corrigiola roots in Morocco. Monitoring the trade in medicinal plants is complicated due to the absence of useful identification characters in plant products such as roots, bark, and powders.This thesis aims at elucidating the systematics and the ethnobotany of some of the basal clades in Caryophyllaceae. Methods. A comprehensive sampling from herbarium as well as market and field collected material was used in systematic studies combining morphological investigation, molecular phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses. Results. The data show that Polycarpon is polyphyletic, that Sphaerocoma is sister to Pollichia and shows some intraspecific variation, that Sanctambrosia falls within the genus Spergularia, and that both Spergula and Spergularia are monophyletic. Preliminary data suggest that Polycarpaea is polyphyletic and should be split into three larger and several smaller genera, that the members of Paronychia subgen. Anaplonychia will need to be transferred to Herniaria to maintain monophyly, and that Caryophyllaceae emerged during the Paleocene. All the major extant lineages originated in the Oligocene and diversified later. Using molecular identification it was possible to identify around 50% of the Moroccan medicinal roots to species level and an additional 30% to genus level. Discussion and conclusions. The polyphyletic Polycarpon needs to be split into at least three separate genera, but no name changes were made pending further research. The two species of Sphaerocoma were merged into one species with two subspecies. The San Ambrosio Island endemic Sanctambrosia, the only tree-like plant in Caryophyllaceae, is probably the result of a long distance dispersal event and its woody habit and gynodioecy are probably caused by inbreeding depression. Sanctambrosia manicata is transferred to Spergularia. Molecular identification put into practice on traded medicinal roots has a somewhat lower success rate than most theoretical studies, indicating that a global barcoding database would need to include reference sequences from a broad range of populations for each species.
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Desert Plants and Deserted Islands : Systematics and Ethnobotany in Caryophyllaceae
2012Co-Authors: Anneleen KoolAbstract:Background. Caryophyllaceae is a large and cosmopolitic flowering plant family, however the systematics of many of its basal groups has been unclear, due to a lack of unambiguous morphology. Some m ...
Dominik Begerow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contrasting phylogenetic patterns of anther smuts (Pucciniomycotina: Microbotryum) reflect phylogenetic patterns of their caryophyllaceous hosts
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2013Co-Authors: Martin Kemler, María P. Martín, M. Teresa Telleria, Angela M. Schäfer, Andrey Yurkov, Dominik BegerowAbstract:Anther smuts in the genus Microbotryum often show very high host specificity toward their caryophyllaceous hosts, but some of the larger host groups such as Dianthus are crucially undersampled for these parasites so that the question of host specificity cannot be answered conclusively. In this study we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of members of the Microbotryum dianthorum species complex as well as their Dianthus hosts. We compared phylogenetic trees of these parasites including sequences of anther smuts from other Caryophyllaceae, mainly Silene , with phylogenies of Caryophyllaceae that are known to harbor anther smuts. Additionally we tested whether observed patterns in parasites are due to shared ancestry or if geographic separation is a factor that should be taken into consideration in delimitating species. Parasites on Dianthus showed mainly an arbitrary distribution on Dianthus hosts, whereas parasites on other Caryophyllaceae formed well-supported monophyletic clades that corresponded to restricted host groups. The same pattern was observed in the Caryophyllaceae studied: morphologically described Dianthus species did not correspond well with monophyletic clades based on molecular data, whereas other Caryophyllaceae mainly did. We suggest that these different patterns primarily result from different breeding systems and speciation times between different host groups as well as difficulties in species delimitations in the genus Dianthus .
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Anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae: Molecular characters indicate host-dependent species delimitation
Mycological Progress, 2005Co-Authors: Matthias Lutz, Markus Göker, Marcin Piatek, Martin Kemler, Dominik Begerow, Franz OberwinklerAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships of Microbotryum species (Urediniomycetes, Basidiomycota) inhabiting anthers of Caryophyllaceae were investigated by molecular analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and collections from different host plants. The data show that the current taxonomy of Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae is only partly satisfactory. Microbotryum violaceum is confirmed to be a paraphyletic grouping and is split up in monophyletic groups. Microbotryum silenesinflatae and M. violaceo-verrucosum appear as polyphyletic. Host data are in good agreement with molecular results. Two new species, Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum and M. saponariae , are described based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characteristics. An emended circumscription of Microbotryum dianthorum is given. The name Ustilago major (= Microbotryum major ) is lectotypified.
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Anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae: molecular characters indicate host-dependent species delimitation +
Mycological Progress, 2005Co-Authors: Matthias Lutz, Markus Göker, Marcin Piatek, Martin Kemler, Dominik Begerow, Franz OberwinklerAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships of Microbotryum species (Urediniomycetes, Basidiomycota) inhabiting anthers of Caryophyllaceae were investigated by molecular analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and collections from different host plants. The data show that the current taxonomy of Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae is only partly satisfactory. Microbotryum violaceum is confirmed to be a paraphyletic grouping and is split up in monophyletic groups. Microbotryum silenesinflatae and M. violaceo-verrucosum appear as polyphyletic. Host data are in good agreement with molecular results. Two new species, Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum and M. saponariae, are described based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characteristics. An emended circumscription of Microbotryum dianthorum is given. The name Ustilago major (= Microbotryum major) is lectotypified.
Martin Kemler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contrasting phylogenetic patterns of anther smuts (Pucciniomycotina: Microbotryum) reflect phylogenetic patterns of their caryophyllaceous hosts
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2013Co-Authors: Martin Kemler, María P. Martín, M. Teresa Telleria, Angela M. Schäfer, Andrey Yurkov, Dominik BegerowAbstract:Anther smuts in the genus Microbotryum often show very high host specificity toward their caryophyllaceous hosts, but some of the larger host groups such as Dianthus are crucially undersampled for these parasites so that the question of host specificity cannot be answered conclusively. In this study we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of members of the Microbotryum dianthorum species complex as well as their Dianthus hosts. We compared phylogenetic trees of these parasites including sequences of anther smuts from other Caryophyllaceae, mainly Silene , with phylogenies of Caryophyllaceae that are known to harbor anther smuts. Additionally we tested whether observed patterns in parasites are due to shared ancestry or if geographic separation is a factor that should be taken into consideration in delimitating species. Parasites on Dianthus showed mainly an arbitrary distribution on Dianthus hosts, whereas parasites on other Caryophyllaceae formed well-supported monophyletic clades that corresponded to restricted host groups. The same pattern was observed in the Caryophyllaceae studied: morphologically described Dianthus species did not correspond well with monophyletic clades based on molecular data, whereas other Caryophyllaceae mainly did. We suggest that these different patterns primarily result from different breeding systems and speciation times between different host groups as well as difficulties in species delimitations in the genus Dianthus .
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Anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae: Molecular characters indicate host-dependent species delimitation
Mycological Progress, 2005Co-Authors: Matthias Lutz, Markus Göker, Marcin Piatek, Martin Kemler, Dominik Begerow, Franz OberwinklerAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships of Microbotryum species (Urediniomycetes, Basidiomycota) inhabiting anthers of Caryophyllaceae were investigated by molecular analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and collections from different host plants. The data show that the current taxonomy of Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae is only partly satisfactory. Microbotryum violaceum is confirmed to be a paraphyletic grouping and is split up in monophyletic groups. Microbotryum silenesinflatae and M. violaceo-verrucosum appear as polyphyletic. Host data are in good agreement with molecular results. Two new species, Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum and M. saponariae , are described based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characteristics. An emended circumscription of Microbotryum dianthorum is given. The name Ustilago major (= Microbotryum major ) is lectotypified.
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Anther smuts of Caryophyllaceae: molecular characters indicate host-dependent species delimitation +
Mycological Progress, 2005Co-Authors: Matthias Lutz, Markus Göker, Marcin Piatek, Martin Kemler, Dominik Begerow, Franz OberwinklerAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships of Microbotryum species (Urediniomycetes, Basidiomycota) inhabiting anthers of Caryophyllaceae were investigated by molecular analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and collections from different host plants. The data show that the current taxonomy of Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae is only partly satisfactory. Microbotryum violaceum is confirmed to be a paraphyletic grouping and is split up in monophyletic groups. Microbotryum silenesinflatae and M. violaceo-verrucosum appear as polyphyletic. Host data are in good agreement with molecular results. Two new species, Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum and M. saponariae, are described based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characteristics. An emended circumscription of Microbotryum dianthorum is given. The name Ustilago major (= Microbotryum major) is lectotypified.
Bengt Oxelman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Systematic significance of seed morphology in Acanthophyllum (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Caryophylleae) in Iran
Phytotaxa, 2019Co-Authors: Atefeh Pirani, Richard K. Rabeler, Mostafa Assadi, Shahin Zarre, Mohammad Reza Joharchi, Bengt OxelmanAbstract:Acanthophyllum , with ca. 90 spiny cushion-forming species, is one of the largest genera of Caryophyllaceae. Although taxonomic utility of seed morphology has already been highlighted in different genera of Caryophyllaceae, the systematic value of seed characters in Acanthophyllum has not been adequately addressed. In order to evaluate the application of seed morphology in infrageneric classification of Acanthophyllum , we surveyed seed characters in the five Iranian sections of Acanthophyllum . Seed morphology of 32 accessions of Acanthophyllum representing 21 species and four sections were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Seed morphological characters of two species from one additional section were included based on previous studies in the Caryophyllaceae. Seeds in the majority of examined species are oblong in outline. Five types of seed surface can be considered: reticulate, reticulate-papillate, colliculate, colliculate-papillate, and colliculate-columellate. Papillae type is a reliable character for separation of certain natural groups within Acanthophyllum . Seed features provided strong evidences for separating sections, especially the following ones: Acanthophyllum , Macrostegia and Pleiosperma , whose seeds showed a high degree of uniformity among the sampled species. Morphological characteristics of seeds were less useful for discriminating Acanthophyllum species. While seed characters are consistent within individual populations, they can vary among different populations of an individual species. Our results show that variation in seed morphological characters are in agreement with phylogenetic patterns within Acanthophyllum .
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Phylogenetic Relationships of Silene multinervia and Silene Section Conoimorpha (Caryophyllaceae)
Systematic Botany, 2012Co-Authors: Anja Rautenberg, Daniel B. Sloan, Vivian Aldén, Bengt OxelmanAbstract:The Californian Silene multinervia (Caryophyllaceae) and Eurasian members of section Conoimorpha in subgenus Behenantha are the only Silene species that have calyces with 15 or more prominent paral ...
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Phylogenetic relationships of Silene section Elisanthe (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences
2009Co-Authors: Anja Rautenberg, Bengt Oxelman, Louise Hathaway, Honor C. PrenticeAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships of Silene section Elisanthe (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences
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Phylogenetic origins of dioecy in Silene
2005Co-Authors: Anja Rautenberg, Dmitry A. Filatov, Bengt OxelmanAbstract:The aim of this project is to provide a phylogenetic/taxonomic framework for the evolution of dioecy within Silene (Caryophyllaceae). There are several dioecious taxa within the genus, traditionall ...
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The significance of reticulate evolution in the phylogenetic history of Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae).
2004Co-Authors: Magnus Popp, Bengt OxelmanAbstract:The significance of reticulate evolution in the phylogenetic history of Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae).