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Jose De La Fuente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Armelle Gac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • What prospective scenarios for 2035 will be compatible with reduced impact of French beef and dairy farm on climate change?
    Agricultural Systems, 2017
    Co-Authors: Claire Mosnier, Anne Duclos, Jacques Agabriel, Armelle Gac
    Abstract:

    The agricultural sector is being called upon to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). A scenario approach was developed to explore the plausible futures of the French bovine sector and their impact on climate change. These scenarios encompass a Business As Usual scenario (S1-BAU) and alternative contrasting scenarios: (S2) Cattle Production increase to meet a high global demand under a liberal policy, (S3) refocus on internal demand within France, with an upmarket move to ‘green’ products, (S4) committed public policy to reduce GHG emissions. This paper analyses how key drivers of these scenarios (e.g. subsidies on investment, reduction of market risks, carbon tax, limitation of concentrate feed in animal diets) affect the evolution of Production, economics, and environmental impact on climate change of typical French suckler cow and dairy farms, by means of simulations performed with a bio-economic model. To adapt their farming systems to the scenarios, farms can opt for variably intensive/integrated practices per animal and per unit land area. Some technological progress in animal Production, crop Production, and farm equipment is also modeled. Results show that in S1- BAU, milk Production, net income and impact on climate change of dairy farms rise. Beef Production and impact on climate change decrease slightly in suckler cow farms. Impact on climate change per unit of product decreases owing to higher productivity per animal and to a more integrated management of crop Production. Alternative scenarios underline that reorienting public support toward farm investment would further intensify dairy farms and increase their income, but would reduce Production and income of suckler cow farms and favor crop Production (S2). Climate change impact per unit of product is more strongly reduced in S3 (organic farming with low feed concentrate) than in S2, but with a reduced Production, particularly for milk. A carbon tax decreases emissions, but to the detriment of Cattle Production, especially suckler cow farms.

  • GHG emissions, Production and economics of typical French beef and dairy farms in the horizon 2035
    2016
    Co-Authors: Claire Mosnier, Anne Duclos, Jacques Agabriel, Michel Lherm, Baptiste Lelyon, Armelle Gac
    Abstract:

    In order to mitigate climate change, France committed during the COP21 to reduce its emission by 12% between 2013 and 2028. Would the Cattle Production sector meet this objective? Four contrasted scenarios have been developed at national level in order to explore possible futures: S1 ‘trend’, S2 ‘milk Production increases to answer the global demand’, S3 ‘local oriented, environmentally friendly Production’, S4 ‘tough policy to reduce GHG emissions’. The bioeconomic model Orfee has been created and used to assess the impacts of the main drivers of these scenarios on the evolution of typical beef and dairy farms. For all scenarios we assume that some technological progresses would be available (increase in milk yield up to 25%, younger age at first calving, silage of cereal-protein crops, alfalfa, higher efficiency of fertilizers, organic to intensive Production), but not necessary chosen by the model optimization. Two levels of prices are tested for milk and meat (favorable or not). In addition, labour productivity is doubled in S2 to account for the assumed high level of technology available on farms; in S3, organic farming with low level of concentrate feeds is imposed; in S4 a tax on carbon emission is introduced. The typical farms simulated encompass four beef Cattle farms ranging from a farm specialized in suckler cow Production based on permanent grasslands in mountainous areas to a cash crop farms with a male fattening unit. The four dairy farms have contrasting soil potential, forage systems and milk yield. We show that dairy cows in plain areas with cash crops and forage crops are the most sensitive to changes between scenarios since they could intensify their Production more easily or quit dairy Production to produce cash crops only. Technological progresses enable to increase Production profit and to reduce GHG emission. Scenario S2 is the most favorable to Production and income but emits more GHG. Scenario S3 induces a reduction of profit and has contrasted effects on GHG emissions. Cattle Production is highly impacted by carbon taxes.

  • GHG emissions, Production and economics of typical French beef and dairy farms in 2035: will GHG emissions be reduced?
    2016
    Co-Authors: Claire Mosnier, Anne Duclos, Jacques Agabriel, Michel Lherm, Baptiste Lelyon, Armelle Gac
    Abstract:

    In order to mitigate climate change, France committed during the COP21 to reduce its emission by 12% between 2013 and 2028. Would the Cattle Production sector meet this objective? Four contrasted scenarios have been developed at national level in order to explore possible futures: S1 ‘trend’, S2 ‘milk Production increases to answer the global demand’, S3 ‘local oriented, environmentally friendly Production’, S4 ‘tough policy to reduce GHG emissions’. The bioeconomic model Orfee has been created and used to assess the impacts of the main drivers of these scenarios on the evolution of typical beef and dairy farms. For all scenarios we assume that some technological progresses would be available (increase in milk yield up to 25%, younger age at first calving, silage of cereal-protein crops, alfalfa, higher efficiency of fertilizers, organic to intensive Production), but not necessary chosen by the model optimization. Two levels of prices are tested for milk and meat (favorable or not). In addition, labour productivity is doubled in S2 to account for the assumed high level of technology available on farms; in S3, organic farming with low level of concentrate feeds is imposed; in S4 a tax on carbon emission is introduced. The typical farms simulated encompass four beef Cattle farms ranging from a farm specialized in suckler cow Production based on permanent grasslands in mountainous areas to a cash crop farms with a male fattening unit. The four dairy farms have contrasting soil potential, forage systems and milk yield. We show that dairy cows in plain areas with cash crops and forage crops are the most sensitive to changes between scenarios since they could intensify their Production more easily or quit dairy Production to produce cash crops only. Technological progresses enable to increase Production profit and to reduce GHG emission. Scenario S2 is the most favorable to Production and income but emits more GHG. Scenario S3 induces a reduction of profit and has contrasted effects on GHG emissions. Cattle Production is highly impacted by carbon taxes.

D A Kenny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a review of whole farm systems models of greenhouse gas emissions from beef and dairy Cattle Production systems
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011
    Co-Authors: P Crosson, L Shalloo, D Obrien, Gary Lanigan, P A Foley, T M Boland, D A Kenny
    Abstract:

    To comply with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting requirements, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) developed guidelines for calculating national GHG inventories in a consistent and standard framework. Although appropriate for national level accounting purposes, IPCC methodologies lack the farm level resolution and holistic approach required for whole farm systems analysis. Thus, whole farm systems modelling is widely used for farm level analysis. A review of 31 published whole farm modelling studies of GHG emissions from beef and dairy Cattle Production systems indicated a number of important outcomes. For example, improvements in animal productivity (i.e., liveweight gain milk Production) and fertility (i.e., lower culling, lower replacement rates) can reduce GHG emissions/kg product. Additionally, intensification of Production as output/ha can reduce emissions/kg product provided input requirements of feed and/or fertilizer are not excessive. Carbon sequestration into agricultural soils has the potential to offset emissions from pastoral based Production systems. A product based metric is widely used and allows a wide range of objectives, including farm profitability and food security to be met. Variation in farm system parameters, and the inherent uncertainties associated with emission factors, can have substantial implications for reported agricultural emissions and thus, uncertainty or sensitivity analysis in any modelling approach is needed. Although there is considerable variation among studies in relation to quality of farm data, boundaries assumed, emission factors applied and co-product allocation approach, we suggest that whole farm systems models are an appropriate tool to develop and measure GHG mitigation strategies for livestock farms. This article is part of the special issue entitled: Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture – Finding a Balance between Food and Emissions, Guest Edited by T.A. McAllister, Section Guest Editors; K.A. Beauchemin, X. Hao, S. McGinn and Editor for Animal Feed Science and Technology, P.H. Robinson.

Claire Mosnier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • What prospective scenarios for 2035 will be compatible with reduced impact of French beef and dairy farm on climate change?
    Agricultural Systems, 2017
    Co-Authors: Claire Mosnier, Anne Duclos, Jacques Agabriel, Armelle Gac
    Abstract:

    The agricultural sector is being called upon to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). A scenario approach was developed to explore the plausible futures of the French bovine sector and their impact on climate change. These scenarios encompass a Business As Usual scenario (S1-BAU) and alternative contrasting scenarios: (S2) Cattle Production increase to meet a high global demand under a liberal policy, (S3) refocus on internal demand within France, with an upmarket move to ‘green’ products, (S4) committed public policy to reduce GHG emissions. This paper analyses how key drivers of these scenarios (e.g. subsidies on investment, reduction of market risks, carbon tax, limitation of concentrate feed in animal diets) affect the evolution of Production, economics, and environmental impact on climate change of typical French suckler cow and dairy farms, by means of simulations performed with a bio-economic model. To adapt their farming systems to the scenarios, farms can opt for variably intensive/integrated practices per animal and per unit land area. Some technological progress in animal Production, crop Production, and farm equipment is also modeled. Results show that in S1- BAU, milk Production, net income and impact on climate change of dairy farms rise. Beef Production and impact on climate change decrease slightly in suckler cow farms. Impact on climate change per unit of product decreases owing to higher productivity per animal and to a more integrated management of crop Production. Alternative scenarios underline that reorienting public support toward farm investment would further intensify dairy farms and increase their income, but would reduce Production and income of suckler cow farms and favor crop Production (S2). Climate change impact per unit of product is more strongly reduced in S3 (organic farming with low feed concentrate) than in S2, but with a reduced Production, particularly for milk. A carbon tax decreases emissions, but to the detriment of Cattle Production, especially suckler cow farms.

  • GHG emissions, Production and economics of typical French beef and dairy farms in the horizon 2035
    2016
    Co-Authors: Claire Mosnier, Anne Duclos, Jacques Agabriel, Michel Lherm, Baptiste Lelyon, Armelle Gac
    Abstract:

    In order to mitigate climate change, France committed during the COP21 to reduce its emission by 12% between 2013 and 2028. Would the Cattle Production sector meet this objective? Four contrasted scenarios have been developed at national level in order to explore possible futures: S1 ‘trend’, S2 ‘milk Production increases to answer the global demand’, S3 ‘local oriented, environmentally friendly Production’, S4 ‘tough policy to reduce GHG emissions’. The bioeconomic model Orfee has been created and used to assess the impacts of the main drivers of these scenarios on the evolution of typical beef and dairy farms. For all scenarios we assume that some technological progresses would be available (increase in milk yield up to 25%, younger age at first calving, silage of cereal-protein crops, alfalfa, higher efficiency of fertilizers, organic to intensive Production), but not necessary chosen by the model optimization. Two levels of prices are tested for milk and meat (favorable or not). In addition, labour productivity is doubled in S2 to account for the assumed high level of technology available on farms; in S3, organic farming with low level of concentrate feeds is imposed; in S4 a tax on carbon emission is introduced. The typical farms simulated encompass four beef Cattle farms ranging from a farm specialized in suckler cow Production based on permanent grasslands in mountainous areas to a cash crop farms with a male fattening unit. The four dairy farms have contrasting soil potential, forage systems and milk yield. We show that dairy cows in plain areas with cash crops and forage crops are the most sensitive to changes between scenarios since they could intensify their Production more easily or quit dairy Production to produce cash crops only. Technological progresses enable to increase Production profit and to reduce GHG emission. Scenario S2 is the most favorable to Production and income but emits more GHG. Scenario S3 induces a reduction of profit and has contrasted effects on GHG emissions. Cattle Production is highly impacted by carbon taxes.

  • GHG emissions, Production and economics of typical French beef and dairy farms in 2035: will GHG emissions be reduced?
    2016
    Co-Authors: Claire Mosnier, Anne Duclos, Jacques Agabriel, Michel Lherm, Baptiste Lelyon, Armelle Gac
    Abstract:

    In order to mitigate climate change, France committed during the COP21 to reduce its emission by 12% between 2013 and 2028. Would the Cattle Production sector meet this objective? Four contrasted scenarios have been developed at national level in order to explore possible futures: S1 ‘trend’, S2 ‘milk Production increases to answer the global demand’, S3 ‘local oriented, environmentally friendly Production’, S4 ‘tough policy to reduce GHG emissions’. The bioeconomic model Orfee has been created and used to assess the impacts of the main drivers of these scenarios on the evolution of typical beef and dairy farms. For all scenarios we assume that some technological progresses would be available (increase in milk yield up to 25%, younger age at first calving, silage of cereal-protein crops, alfalfa, higher efficiency of fertilizers, organic to intensive Production), but not necessary chosen by the model optimization. Two levels of prices are tested for milk and meat (favorable or not). In addition, labour productivity is doubled in S2 to account for the assumed high level of technology available on farms; in S3, organic farming with low level of concentrate feeds is imposed; in S4 a tax on carbon emission is introduced. The typical farms simulated encompass four beef Cattle farms ranging from a farm specialized in suckler cow Production based on permanent grasslands in mountainous areas to a cash crop farms with a male fattening unit. The four dairy farms have contrasting soil potential, forage systems and milk yield. We show that dairy cows in plain areas with cash crops and forage crops are the most sensitive to changes between scenarios since they could intensify their Production more easily or quit dairy Production to produce cash crops only. Technological progresses enable to increase Production profit and to reduce GHG emission. Scenario S2 is the most favorable to Production and income but emits more GHG. Scenario S3 induces a reduction of profit and has contrasted effects on GHG emissions. Cattle Production is highly impacted by carbon taxes.

Michael Schloter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • structural and functional diversity of microbial communities from a lake sediment contaminated with trenbolone an endocrine disrupting chemical
    Environmental Pollution, 2005
    Co-Authors: Viviane Radl, Karin Pritsch, Jean Charles Munch, Michael Schloter
    Abstract:

    Effects of trenbolone (TBOH), a hormone used in Cattle Production, on the structure and function of microbial communities in a fresh water sediment from a lake in Southern Germany were studied in a microcosm experiment. The microbial community structure and the total gene pool of the sediment, assessed by 16S rRNA/rDNA and RAPD fingerprint analysis, respectively, were not significantly affected by TBOH. In contrast, the N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity was almost 50% lower in TBOH treated samples (P<0.05). Also, the substrate utilization potential, measured using the BIOLOG® system, was reduced after TBOH treatment. Interestingly, this potential did not recover at the end of the experiment, i.e. 19 days after the addition of the chemical. Repeated application of TBOH did not lead to an additional reduction in the substrate utilization potential. Overall results indicate that microbial community function was more sensitive to TBOH treatment than the community structure and the total gene pool.