Causal Relationship

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Sofia Anwar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

William C Caccamise - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • indapamide therapy and posterior subcapsular cataract is there a Causal Relationship
    Archives of Ophthalmology, 1993
    Co-Authors: William C Caccamise
    Abstract:

    To the Editor. —The case report by Sponsel and Rapoza, 1 published in the April 1992 issue of theArchives, deserves critical comment in spite of an apparent imprimatur from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. The words associated, association , and indapamide-associated appear in this report in reference to the posterior subcapsular cataracts found in this patient who had been treated with indapamide (Lozol). Although the authors may not have intended this implication, these words do carry for many the nuance of Causal Relationship. This specific case report in no way permits the conclusion that with reasonable medical certainty there was a Causal Relationship between the patient's having been treated with indapamide and the subsequent detection of cataracts. "It appears possible..." is not appropriate in a report that has not only medical significance but also, unfortunately, legal potentialities. "Probable cause" or "with reasonable medical certainty" should be used

Samia Nasreen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Peter A Rapoza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ali Taleb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Causal Relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from Europe
    Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Wadad Saad, Ali Taleb
    Abstract:

    The European Union Renewable Energy Directive sets an objective of increasing the renewable energy share of the used renewable energy in the EU by 2020. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the short-run and long-run Relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in 12 European Union countries and to derive implications for renewable energy policy. To do so, we apply panel vector error correction model using the available annual data from 1990 to 2014 on 12 European Union countries. Moreover, Granger Causality test is conducted to examine whether there exists any Causal linkage between economic growth and renewable energy consumption. The findings indicate the presence of unidirectional Causality running from economic growth to renewable energy consumption in the short run. However, in the long run, a bidirectional Causal Relationship between the variables in question exists.