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Taro Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Capital Growth Paths of the Neoclassical Growth Model
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Taro TakahashiAbstract:This paper derives the first-order approximated paths of both types of capital in the two-capital neoclassical Growth model. The derived capital Growth paths reveal that the short-run Growth effect of capital injection differs considerably depending on which type of capital is enhanced. This result demonstrates the importance of well-targeted capital enhancement programs such as public sector projects and foreign aid.
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Capital Growth Paths of the Neoclassical Growth Model
2012Co-Authors: Taro TakahashiAbstract:This paper derives the first-order approximated paths of both types of capital in the two-capital neoclassical Growth model. The derived capital Growth paths reveal that the short-run Growth effect of capital injection differs considerably depending on which type of capital is enhanced. This result demonstrates the importance of well-targeted capital enhancement programs such as public sector projects and foreign aid. Citation: Takahashi T (2012) Capital Growth Paths of the Neoclassical Growth Model. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49484. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049484 Editor: Guido Germano, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany Received April 27, 2012; Accepted October 11, 2012; Published November 20, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Taro Takahashi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The author has no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: ataro@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Oded Galor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from stagnation to Growth unified Growth theory
Handbook of Economic Growth, 2005Co-Authors: Oded GalorAbstract:The transition from stagnation to Growth and the associated phenomenon of the great divergence have been the subject of an intensive research in the Growth literature in recent years. The discrepancy between the predictions of exogenous and endogenous Growth models and the process of development over most of human history, induced Growth theorists to advance an alternative theory that would capture in a single unified framework the contemporary era of sustained economic Growth, the epoch of Malthusian stagnation that had characterized most of the process of development, and the fundamental driving forces of the recent transition between these distinct regimes.The advancement of unified Growth theory was fueled by the conviction that the understanding of the contemporary Growth process would be limited and distorted unless Growth theory would be based on micro-foundations that would reflect the qualitative aspects of the Growth process in its entirety. In particular, the hurdles faced by less developed economies in reaching a state of sustained economic Growth would remain obscured unless the origin of the transition of the currently developed economies into a state of sustained economic Growth would be identified, and its implications would be modified to account for the additional economic forces faced by less developed economies in an interdependent world.Unified Growth theory suggests that the transition from stagnation to Growth is an inevitable outcome of the process of development. The inherent Malthusian interaction between the level of technology and the size and the composition of the population accelerated the pace of technological progress, and ultimately raised the importance of human capital in the production process. The rise in the demand for human capital in the second phase of industrialization, and its impact on the formation of human capital as well as on the onset of the demographic transition, brought about significant technological advancements along with a reduction in fertility rates and population Growth, enabling economies to convert a larger share of the fruits of factor accumulation and technological progress into Growth of income per capita, and paving the way for the emergence of sustained economic Growth.Variations in the timing of the transition from stagnation to Growth and thus in economic performance across countries reflect initial differences in geographical factors and historical accidents and their manifestation in variations in institutional, social, cultural, and political factors. In particular, once a technologically driven demand for human capital emerged in the second phase of industrialization, the prevalence of human capital promoting institutions determined the extensiveness of human capital formation, the timing of the demographic transition, and the pace of the transition from stagnation to Growth.
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from stagnation to Growth unified Growth theory
2004Co-Authors: Oded GalorAbstract:This Paper examines the process of development from an epoch of Malthusian stagnation to a state of sustained economic Growth. The analysis focuses on recently advanced unified Growth theories that capture the intricate evolution of income per capita, technology, and population over the course of human history. Deciphering the underlying forces that triggered the transition from stagnation to Growth and the associated phenomenon of the great divergence in income per capita across countries has been widely viewed as one of the most significant challenges facing researchers in the field of Growth and development. The inconsistency of non-unified Growth models with the main characteristics of the process of development across most of human history induced Growth theorists to advance an alternative theory that captures in a single unified framework the epoch of Malthusian stagnation, the modern era of sustained economic Growth, and the recent transition between these distinct regimes. Unified Growth theory reveals the underlying micro foundations that are consistent with the Growth process over the entire history of the human species, enhancing the confidence in the viability of the theory, its predictions and policy implications for the Growth process of less developed economies.
R M Leach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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basic fibroblast Growth factor an autocrine Growth factor for epiphyseal Growth plate chondrocytes
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 1996Co-Authors: Yunjuan Luan, Craig A Praul, R M LeachAbstract:: Basic fibroblast Growth factor (bFGF) is a permissive mitogen for cultured chondrocytes and has been localized in the specific zones of the epiphyseal Growth plate. In this study, we demonstrate that bFGF present in cartilage originates from within the cellular constituents of this tissue. Utilizing reverse transcription coupled to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), bFGF mRNA was found in extracts of cartilage tissue. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that bFGF was present intracellularly in freshly isolated proliferative chondrocytes and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) after 24 h of culture. Western blot analysis of protein extracts from isolated proliferative chondrocytes identified a bFGF immunoreactive species with a molecular weight of approximately 18 kDa. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of bFGF mRNA in freshly isolated proliferative chondrocytes. The bFGF in the ECM seemed to be sequestered and not available for biological activity, since these cells still required exogenous bFGF for cell proliferation. This sequestered bFGF could be released to stimulate cell proliferation when cultures were treated with plasmin, a proteolytic enzyme. These data support the hypothesis that bFGF is synthesized by chondrocytes and functions as an autocrine/paracrine mitogen via its deposition into the ECM with subsequent release from the ECM of cartilage being a critical step in biological activity. In addition, the study provides further evidence that locally produced bFGF plays an important role in normal Growth and development of cartilage tissue.
Stephen G Cecchetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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why does financial sector Growth crowd out real economic Growth
2015Co-Authors: Stephen G Cecchetti, Enisse KharroubiAbstract:In this paper we examine the negative relationship between the rate of Growth of the financial sector and the rate of Growth of total factor productivity. We begin by showing that by disproportionately benefiting high collateral/low productivity projects, an exogenous increase in finance reduces total factor productivity Growth. Then, in a model with skilled workers and endogenous financial sector Growth, we establish the possibility of multiple equilibria. In the equilibrium where skilled labour works in finance, the financial sector grows more quickly at the expense of the real economy. We go on to show that consistent with this theory, financial Growth disproportionately harms financially dependent and R&D-intensive industries.
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why does financial sector Growth crowd out real economic Growth
2013Co-Authors: Stephen G Cecchetti, Enisse KharroubiAbstract:In this paper we examine the negative relationship between the rate of Growth of finance and the rate of Growth of total factor productivity. We begin by showing that by disproportionately benefiting highcollateral/low-productivity projects, an exogenous increase in finance reduces total factor productivity Growth. Then, in a model with skilled workers and endogenous financial sector Growth, we establish the possibility of multiple equilibria. In the equilibrium where skilled labour works in finance, the financial sector grows more quickly at the expense of the real economy. We go on to show that consistent with this theory, financial Growth disproportionately harms financially dependent and R&D-intensive industries.
Mark Pines - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Growth hormone inhibits differentiation of avian epiphyseal Growth plate chondrocytes
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 1995Co-Authors: Efrat Monsonego, Orna Halevy, Arieh Gertler, S Hurwitz, Mark PinesAbstract:Abstract The effect of chicken Growth hormone (cGH) on the proliferation and differentiation of avian Growth-plate chondrocyte was evaluated in culture. In culture, addition of ascorbic acid to the culture media caused cell differentiation. Treatment of proliferating chondrocytes with cGH caused a time-dependent increase in collagen type II gene expression together with a decrease in the appearance of osteopontin (OPN) in the medium. In addition, the ascorbic acid-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was inhibited by cGH. IGF-I, on the other hand, caused an increase in AP activity in the ascorbic acid-treated chondrocytes. In the presence of ascorbic acid, cGH did not affect collagen type II gene expression or the appearance of OPN in the medium. Proliferation of avian Growth-plate chondrocytes, in contrast to mammalian chondrocytes, was not stimulated by GH alone, although the presence of cGH was essential for chondrocyte survival in long-term culture. cGH in combination with epidermal Growth factor (EGF) stimulated cell proliferation. These results suggest that GH inhibits differentiation in avian Growth-plate chondrocytes, thereby sustaining their proliferative state and maintaining their sensitivity to Growth factors such as EGF.
