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Michael T. Compton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beliefs about Causes of Schizophrenia among urban african american community members
Psychiatric Quarterly, 2010Co-Authors: Beth Broussard, Sandra M Goulding, Colin L Talley, Michael T. ComptonAbstract:The public’s causal attributions of Schizophrenia have far-reaching effects on the community and affected individuals. This study investigated causal beliefs within a community of predominantly Protestant, low-income, urban, African Americans in the southeastern United States. Two hundred eighty-two patrons of an inner-city food court/farmers’ market participated in a self-administered survey assessing causal beliefs through a 30-item survey and self-reported causal opinions. Associations were assessed between causal attributions of Schizophrenia and sociodemographic characteristics and exposure/familiarity variables. Certain sociodemographic variables, as well as key exposure/familiarity variables, predicted the nature of one’s causal beliefs. The most common causal opinions reported included substance abuse, negative life events, and “mental illness.” Findings from a subsample administered an exploratory multiple-choice question investigating understanding of causation revealed that the public may not fully understand the nature of causation. Although this study suggests potential determinants of causal beliefs held by community members, further research examining the public’s conception of causation would enhance interpretation of studies on such beliefs.
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beliefs about Causes of Schizophrenia among police officers before and after crisis intervention team training
Community Mental Health Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Berivan Demir, Beth Broussard, Sandra M Goulding, Michael T. ComptonAbstract:This study examined the ways in which beliefs about the Causes of Schizophrenia change after crisis intervention team (CIT) training of police officers. Comparisons of pre- and post-training scores from 159 officers revealed a decrease in endorsement of items pertaining to personal/family/social stressors and items inconsistent with contemporary conceptions of risk, as well as an increase in endorsement of items consistent with modern biological conceptions of the causation of Schizophrenia. Changes in causal beliefs were associated with personal and family history of psychiatric treatment among officers. Findings indicate a need for further research in this area, and suggest that some characteristics of officers may be associated with an increased capacity for knowledge/attitudinal change during CIT training.
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Causes of Schizophrenia reported by urban african american lay community members
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Michael T. Compton, Michelle L Esterberg, Beth BroussardAbstract:Although mental health professionals' "etiologic beliefs" concerning Schizophrenia have evolved in accordance with diathesis-stress and neurodevelopmental models, little is known about etiologic attributions in nonclinical general population samples in the United States. Yet, course and outcome for people with the illness may be indirectly influenced by beliefs about Causes in the larger community. Because of very limited research in this area, especially among African Americans in particular, this descriptive study investigated the Causes of Schizophrenia reported by 127 urban African Americans from the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the most commonly reported Causes of Schizophrenia, as well as the frequency of endorsing items from a list of 30 factors, some of which are congruent with current psychiatric conceptualizations of Schizophrenia, whereas others are not. Results of this report complement previously reported findings from the same setting involving family members of patients with Schizophrenia [Esterberg ML, Compton MT. Causes of Schizophrenia reported by family members of urban African American hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2006;47:221-226]. The 5 most commonly reported Causes were disturbance of brain biochemistry (49.6%), drug/alcohol abuse (42.5%), hereditary factors (40.9%), brain injury (40.2%), and avoidance of problems in life (37.8%). The mean number of likely or very likely Causes endorsed by participants was 7.5 +/- 5.7. Some 47.9% reported one or more esoteric factors as a cause. of the 6 esoteric factors, possession by evil spirits (28.3%), radiation (20.2%), and punishment by God (19.7%) were most common. Esoteric Causes were more commonly chosen by male participants, those with 12 years of education or less, and participants who reported never having known someone with Schizophrenia. Future research should seek to better understand how esoteric beliefs about causation affect attitudes toward people with mental illnesses and acceptance of mental health treatment by those individuals. Beliefs about debunked personality, societal, family, and esoteric Causes in this nonclinical sample indicate the need for improved psychoeducation of the community at large.
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Causes of Schizophrenia reported by family members of urban african american hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Michelle L Esterberg, Michael T. ComptonAbstract:Family members often provide psychosocial support and assistance in seeking treatment for individuals with Schizophrenia. It is crucial to understand what family members believe to be the Causes of Schizophrenia, as this likely influences the family's help-seeking decisions. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the Causes of Schizophrenia reported by family members of African Americans hospitalized with Schizophrenia. Sixty-one family members of 38 patients with a first episode or an acute exacerbation of persistent illness were administered a survey containing 30 possible Causes of Schizophrenia from 5 categories. The sample endorsed predominantly biologic Causes. Many family members also endorsed personality and societal Causes, as well as family and esoteric Causes. Compared with family members in the persistent group, family members in the first-episode group were more likely to select personality or societal Causes in addition to biologic Causes. These results provide insight into the etiologic beliefs of a sample of African American family members. Further research is needed to assess the potential influence of these beliefs on treatment seeking on the part of the family.
Beth Broussard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beliefs about Causes of Schizophrenia among urban african american community members
Psychiatric Quarterly, 2010Co-Authors: Beth Broussard, Sandra M Goulding, Colin L Talley, Michael T. ComptonAbstract:The public’s causal attributions of Schizophrenia have far-reaching effects on the community and affected individuals. This study investigated causal beliefs within a community of predominantly Protestant, low-income, urban, African Americans in the southeastern United States. Two hundred eighty-two patrons of an inner-city food court/farmers’ market participated in a self-administered survey assessing causal beliefs through a 30-item survey and self-reported causal opinions. Associations were assessed between causal attributions of Schizophrenia and sociodemographic characteristics and exposure/familiarity variables. Certain sociodemographic variables, as well as key exposure/familiarity variables, predicted the nature of one’s causal beliefs. The most common causal opinions reported included substance abuse, negative life events, and “mental illness.” Findings from a subsample administered an exploratory multiple-choice question investigating understanding of causation revealed that the public may not fully understand the nature of causation. Although this study suggests potential determinants of causal beliefs held by community members, further research examining the public’s conception of causation would enhance interpretation of studies on such beliefs.
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beliefs about Causes of Schizophrenia among police officers before and after crisis intervention team training
Community Mental Health Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Berivan Demir, Beth Broussard, Sandra M Goulding, Michael T. ComptonAbstract:This study examined the ways in which beliefs about the Causes of Schizophrenia change after crisis intervention team (CIT) training of police officers. Comparisons of pre- and post-training scores from 159 officers revealed a decrease in endorsement of items pertaining to personal/family/social stressors and items inconsistent with contemporary conceptions of risk, as well as an increase in endorsement of items consistent with modern biological conceptions of the causation of Schizophrenia. Changes in causal beliefs were associated with personal and family history of psychiatric treatment among officers. Findings indicate a need for further research in this area, and suggest that some characteristics of officers may be associated with an increased capacity for knowledge/attitudinal change during CIT training.
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Causes of Schizophrenia reported by urban african american lay community members
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Michael T. Compton, Michelle L Esterberg, Beth BroussardAbstract:Although mental health professionals' "etiologic beliefs" concerning Schizophrenia have evolved in accordance with diathesis-stress and neurodevelopmental models, little is known about etiologic attributions in nonclinical general population samples in the United States. Yet, course and outcome for people with the illness may be indirectly influenced by beliefs about Causes in the larger community. Because of very limited research in this area, especially among African Americans in particular, this descriptive study investigated the Causes of Schizophrenia reported by 127 urban African Americans from the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the most commonly reported Causes of Schizophrenia, as well as the frequency of endorsing items from a list of 30 factors, some of which are congruent with current psychiatric conceptualizations of Schizophrenia, whereas others are not. Results of this report complement previously reported findings from the same setting involving family members of patients with Schizophrenia [Esterberg ML, Compton MT. Causes of Schizophrenia reported by family members of urban African American hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2006;47:221-226]. The 5 most commonly reported Causes were disturbance of brain biochemistry (49.6%), drug/alcohol abuse (42.5%), hereditary factors (40.9%), brain injury (40.2%), and avoidance of problems in life (37.8%). The mean number of likely or very likely Causes endorsed by participants was 7.5 +/- 5.7. Some 47.9% reported one or more esoteric factors as a cause. of the 6 esoteric factors, possession by evil spirits (28.3%), radiation (20.2%), and punishment by God (19.7%) were most common. Esoteric Causes were more commonly chosen by male participants, those with 12 years of education or less, and participants who reported never having known someone with Schizophrenia. Future research should seek to better understand how esoteric beliefs about causation affect attitudes toward people with mental illnesses and acceptance of mental health treatment by those individuals. Beliefs about debunked personality, societal, family, and esoteric Causes in this nonclinical sample indicate the need for improved psychoeducation of the community at large.
Michelle L Esterberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Causes of Schizophrenia reported by urban african american lay community members
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Michael T. Compton, Michelle L Esterberg, Beth BroussardAbstract:Although mental health professionals' "etiologic beliefs" concerning Schizophrenia have evolved in accordance with diathesis-stress and neurodevelopmental models, little is known about etiologic attributions in nonclinical general population samples in the United States. Yet, course and outcome for people with the illness may be indirectly influenced by beliefs about Causes in the larger community. Because of very limited research in this area, especially among African Americans in particular, this descriptive study investigated the Causes of Schizophrenia reported by 127 urban African Americans from the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the most commonly reported Causes of Schizophrenia, as well as the frequency of endorsing items from a list of 30 factors, some of which are congruent with current psychiatric conceptualizations of Schizophrenia, whereas others are not. Results of this report complement previously reported findings from the same setting involving family members of patients with Schizophrenia [Esterberg ML, Compton MT. Causes of Schizophrenia reported by family members of urban African American hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2006;47:221-226]. The 5 most commonly reported Causes were disturbance of brain biochemistry (49.6%), drug/alcohol abuse (42.5%), hereditary factors (40.9%), brain injury (40.2%), and avoidance of problems in life (37.8%). The mean number of likely or very likely Causes endorsed by participants was 7.5 +/- 5.7. Some 47.9% reported one or more esoteric factors as a cause. of the 6 esoteric factors, possession by evil spirits (28.3%), radiation (20.2%), and punishment by God (19.7%) were most common. Esoteric Causes were more commonly chosen by male participants, those with 12 years of education or less, and participants who reported never having known someone with Schizophrenia. Future research should seek to better understand how esoteric beliefs about causation affect attitudes toward people with mental illnesses and acceptance of mental health treatment by those individuals. Beliefs about debunked personality, societal, family, and esoteric Causes in this nonclinical sample indicate the need for improved psychoeducation of the community at large.
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Causes of Schizophrenia reported by family members of urban african american hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Michelle L Esterberg, Michael T. ComptonAbstract:Family members often provide psychosocial support and assistance in seeking treatment for individuals with Schizophrenia. It is crucial to understand what family members believe to be the Causes of Schizophrenia, as this likely influences the family's help-seeking decisions. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the Causes of Schizophrenia reported by family members of African Americans hospitalized with Schizophrenia. Sixty-one family members of 38 patients with a first episode or an acute exacerbation of persistent illness were administered a survey containing 30 possible Causes of Schizophrenia from 5 categories. The sample endorsed predominantly biologic Causes. Many family members also endorsed personality and societal Causes, as well as family and esoteric Causes. Compared with family members in the persistent group, family members in the first-episode group were more likely to select personality or societal Causes in addition to biologic Causes. These results provide insight into the etiologic beliefs of a sample of African American family members. Further research is needed to assess the potential influence of these beliefs on treatment seeking on the part of the family.
Christoph W. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mk-801 Treatment Affects Glycolysis In Oligodendrocytes More Than In Astrocytes And Neuronal Cells: Insights For Schizophrenia
2016Co-Authors: Paul C., Takahiro A., Christoph W.Abstract:Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder, affecting more than 30 million people worldwide. As a multifactorial disease, the underlying Causes of Schizophrenia require analysis by multiplex methods such as proteomics to allow identification of whole protein networks. Previous post-mortem proteomic studies on brain tissues from Schizophrenia patients have demonstrated changes in activation of glycolytic and energy metabolism pathways. However, it is not known whether these changes occur in neurons or in glial cells. To address this question, we treated neuronal, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte cell lines with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and measured the levels of six glycolytic enzymes by Western blot analysis. MK-801 acts on the glutamatergic system and has been proposed as a pharmacological means of modeling Schizophrenia. Treatment with MK-801 resulted in significant changes in the levels of glycolytic enzymes in all cell types. Most of the differences were found in oligodendrocytes, which had altered levels of hexokinase 1 (HK1), enolase 2 (ENO2), phosphoglycerate kinase (PG, and phosphoglycerate mutase 1 after acute MK-801 treatment (8 h), and HK1, ENO2, PGK, and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) following long term treatment (72 h). Addition of the antipsychotic clozapine to the cultures resulted in counter-regulatory effects to the MK-801 treatment by normalizing the levels of ENO2 and PGK in both the acute and long term cultures. In astrocytes, MK-801 affected only aldolase C (ALDOC) under both acute conditions and HK1 and ALDOC following long term treatment, and TPI was the only enzyme affected under long term conditions in the neuronal cells. In conclusion, MK-801 affects glycolysis in oligodendrocytes to a larger extent than neuronal cells and this may be modulated by antipsychotic treatment. Although cell culture studies do not necessarily reflect the in vivo pathophysiology and drug effects within the brain, these results suggest that neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are affected differently in Schizophrenia. Employing in vitro models using neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists may provide new insights about the pathophysiology of Schizophrenia which could lead to a novel system for drug discovery
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Mk-801 Treatment Affects Glycolysis In Oligodendrocytes More Than In Astrocytes And Neuronal Cells: Insights For Schizophrenia
'Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology', 2016Co-Authors: Paul C., Takahiro A., Christoph W.Abstract:Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder, affecting more than 30 million people worldwide. As a multifactorial disease, the underlying Causes of Schizophrenia require analysis by multiplex methods such as proteomics to allow identification of whole protein networks. Previous post-mortem proteomic studies on brain tissues from Schizophrenia patients have demonstrated changes in activation of glycolytic and energy metabolism pathways. However, it is not known whether these changes occur in neurons or in glial cells. To address this question, we treated neuronal, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte cell lines with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and measured the levels of six glycolytic enzymes by Western blot analysis. MK-801 acts on the glutamatergic system and has been proposed as a pharmacological means of modeling Schizophrenia. Treatment with MK-801 resulted in significant changes in the levels of glycolytic enzymes in all cell types. Most of the differences were found in oligodendrocytes, which had altered levels of hexokinase 1 (HK1), enolase 2 (ENO2), phosphoglycerate kinase (PG, and phosphoglycerate mutase 1 after acute MK-801 treatment (8 h), and HK1, ENO2, PGK, and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) following long term treatment (72 h). Addition of the antipsychotic clozapine to the cultures resulted in counter-regulatory effects to the MK-801 treatment by normalizing the levels of ENO2 and PGK in both the acute and long term cultures. In astrocytes, MK-801 affected only aldolase C (ALDOC) under both acute conditions and HK1 and ALDOC following long term treatment, and TPI was the only enzyme affected under long term conditions in the neuronal cells. In conclusion, MK-801 affects glycolysis in oligodendrocytes to a larger extent than neuronal cells and this may be modulated by antipsychotic treatment. Although cell culture studies do not necessarily reflect the in vivo pathophysiology and drug effects within the brain, these results suggest that neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are affected differently in Schizophrenia. Employing in vitro models using neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists may provide new insights about the pathophysiology of Schizophrenia which could lead to a novel system for drug discovery.9Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAEPEX UNICAMP [519.292]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP
Gusti Rai I Tirta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beliefs about Causes of Schizophrenia among family members a community based survey in bali
Psychiatric Services, 2006Co-Authors: Toshiyuki Kurihara, Motoichiro Kato, Robert Reverger, Gusti Rai I TirtaAbstract:Objective: This communitybased study investigated causal beliefs regarding Schizophrenia among families of individuals in Bali who screened positive for Schizophrenia and examined how their beliefs were related to the individual’s psychiatric treatment status. Methods: Causal beliefs of 39 key relatives were examined: 19 of the individuals with Schizophrenia had received psychiatric medical treatment and 20 had never received such treatment. A questionnaire developed by the authors that listed 15 possible Causes of Schizophrenia was used to examine the respondents’ beliefs. Results: Key relatives attributed supernatural Causes to Schizophrenia more often than natural Causes. Compared with relatives who listed a natural cause as most important (14 relatives, or 36 percent), relatives who considered a supernatural cause as being the most important (25 relatives, or 64 percent) had a significantly higher mean age and less education and were more likely to have family members with Schizophrenia who had never received psychiatric medical treatment. Conclusions: Families’ attribution of supernatural Causes was strongly related to no receipt of psychiatric medical treatment by the individual with Schizophrenia. (Psychiatric Services 57: 1795–1799, 2006)