The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tom Misteli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The road much traveled: trafficking in the Cell Nucleus
Current opinion in cell biology, 2006Co-Authors: Stanislaw A. Gorski, Miroslav Dundr, Tom MisteliAbstract:Trafficking of RNA molecules and proteins within the Cell Nucleus is central to genome function. Recent work has revealed the nature of RNA and protein motion within the Nucleus and across the nuclear membrane. These studies have given insight into how molecules find their destinations within the Nucleus and have uncovered some of the structural properties of the nuclear microenvironment. Control of RNA and protein trafficking is now emerging as a physiological regulatory mechanism in gene expression and nuclear function.
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Genomes, proteomes, and dynamic networks in the Cell Nucleus.
Histochemistry and cell biology, 2002Co-Authors: Jeffrey J Roix, Tom MisteliAbstract:Post-genome era experimental strategies seek to understand Cellular pathways globally rather than through examination of individual components. Genomics and proteomics provide the experimental tools to establish the framework of gene and protein pathways present in a Cell. These methods are complemented by emerging in vivo microscopy approaches, which permit placement of pathways within the architectural context of the Cell. Analysis of dynamic live Cell microscopy data combined with computational analyses finally allows the quantitative, mechanistic description of protein properties and pathways operating in living Cells. Here we discuss how genomics and proteomics are changing the study of the Cell Nucleus and how in vivo microscopy methods have contributed to our changing conceptual and mechanistic understanding of nuclear architecture and function. Mapping of gene loci and genome regions are beginning to reveal organizational principles of the genome within the Cell Nucleus, proteomic analysis of subnuclear compartments and the gene expression machinery is providing insights into the molecular nature of nuclear events, and in vivo microscopy is illuminating the dynamic nature of nuclear organization. Initial findings from these efforts make clear that nuclear and Cellular behavior can not be described by linear pathways. New tools such as computational modeling are providing evidence that emerging concepts such as network organizations and stochastic interactions are crucially important for Cellular function and organization. These insights are changing our view of the Nucleus and the Cell as a whole.
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Functional architecture in the Cell Nucleus.
Biochemical Journal, 2001Co-Authors: Miroslav Dundr, Tom MisteliAbstract:The major functions of the Cell Nucleus, including transcription, pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome assembly, have been studied extensively by biochemical, genetic and molecular methods. An overwhelming amount of information about their molecular mechanisms is available. In stark contrast, very little is known about how these processes are integrated into the structural framework of the Cell Nucleus and how they are spatially and temporally co-ordinated within the three-dimensional confines of the Nucleus. It is also largely unknown how nuclear architecture affects gene expression. In order to understand how genomes are organized, and how they function, the basic principles that govern nuclear architecture and function must be uncovered. Recent work combining molecular, biochemical and Cell biological methods is beginning to shed light on how the Nucleus functions and how genes are expressed in vivo. It has become clear that the Nucleus contains distinct compartments and that many nuclear components are highly dynamic. Here we describe the major structural compartments of the Cell Nucleus and discuss their established and proposed functions. We summarize recent observations regarding the dynamic properties of chromatin, mRNA and nuclear proteins, and we consider the implications these findings have for the organization of nuclear processes and gene expression. Finally, we speculate that self-organization might play a substantial role in establishing and maintaining nuclear organization.
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High mobility of proteins in the mammalian Cell Nucleus
Nature, 2000Co-Authors: Robert D. Phair, Tom MisteliAbstract:The mammalian Cell Nucleus contains numerous sub-compartments, which have been implicated in essential processes such as transcription and splicing. The mechanisms by which nuclear compartments are formed and maintained are unclear. More fundamentally, it is not known how proteins move within the Cell Nucleus. We have measured the kinetic properties of proteins in the Nucleus of living Cells using photobleaching techniques. Here we show that proteins involved in diverse nuclear processes move rapidly throughout the entire Nucleus. Protein movement is independent of energy, which indicates that proteins may use a passive mechanism of movement. Proteins rapidly associate and dissociate with nuclear compartments. Using kinetic modelling, we determined residence times and steady-state fluxes of molecules in two main nuclear compartments. These data show that many nuclear proteins roam the Cell Nucleus in vivo and that nuclear compartments are the reflection of the steady-state association/dissociation of its 'residents' with the nucleoplasmic space. Our observations have conceptual implications for understanding nuclear architecture and how nuclear processes are organized in vivo.
Wei Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Investigating Dynamic Molecular Events in Melanoma Cell Nucleus During Photodynamic Therapy by SERS.
Frontiers in chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Jing Yue, Lijia Liang, Yanting Shen, Xin Guan, Jing Zhang, Rong Deng, Chongyang Liang, Wei ShiAbstract:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the uptake of photosensitizers by cancer Cells and the irradiation of a light with a specific wavelength to trigger a serious of photochemical reactions based on the generation of reactive oxygen, leading to cancer Cell death. PDT has been widely used in various fields of biomedicine. However, the molecular events of cancer Cell Nucleus during the PDT process are still unclear. In this work, a nuclear-targeted gold nanorod Raman nanoprobe combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) was exploited to investigate the dynamic intranuclear molecular changes of B16 Cells (a murine melanoma Cell line) treated with a photosensitizer (Chlorin e6) and the specific light (650 nm). The SERS spectra of Cell Nucleus during the PDT treatment were in situ recorded and the spectroscopic analysis of the dynamics of Nucleus uncovered two main events in the therapeutic process: the protein degradation and the DNA fragmentation. We expect that these findings are of vital significance in having a better understanding in the PDT mechanism acting on cancer Cell Nucleus and can further help us to design and develop more effective therapeutic platforms and methods.
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Presentation_1_Investigating Dynamic Molecular Events in Melanoma Cell Nucleus During Photodynamic Therapy by SERS.pdf
2019Co-Authors: Jing Yue, Lijia Liang, Yanting Shen, Xin Guan, Jing Zhang, Rong Deng, Chongyang Liang, Wei ShiAbstract:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the uptake of photosensitizers by cancer Cells and the irradiation of a light with a specific wavelength to trigger a series of photochemical reactions based on the generation of reactive oxygen, leading to cancer Cell death. PDT has been widely used in various fields of biomedicine. However, the molecular events of the cancer Cell Nucleus during the PDT process are still unclear. In this work, a nuclear-targeted gold nanorod Raman nanoprobe combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) was exploited to investigate the dynamic intranuclear molecular changes of B16 Cells (a murine melanoma Cell line) treated with a photosensitizer (Chlorin e6) and the specific light (650 nm). The SERS spectra of the Cell Nucleus during the PDT treatment were recorded in situ and the spectroscopic analysis of the dynamics of the Nucleus uncovered two main events in the therapeutic process: the protein degradation and the DNA fragmentation. We expect that these findings are of vital significance in having a better understanding of the PDT mechanism acting on the cancer Cell Nucleus and can further help us to design and develop more effective therapeutic platforms and methods.
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Investigating Dynamic Molecular Events in Melanoma Cell Nucleus During Photodynamic Therapy by SERS
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Jing Yue, Lijia Liang, Yanting Shen, Xin Guan, Jing Zhang, Rong Deng, Chongyang Liang, Wei ShiAbstract:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the uptake of photosensitizers by cancer Cells and the irradiation of a light with a specific wavelength to trigger a series of photochemical reactions based on the generation of reactive oxygen, leading to cancer Cell death. PDT has been widely used in various fields of biomedicine. However, the molecular events of the cancer Cell Nucleus during the PDT process are still unclear. In this work, a nuclear-targeted gold nanorod Raman nanoprobe combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) was exploited to investigate the dynamic intranuclear molecular changes of B16 Cells (a murine melanoma Cell line) treated with a photosensitizer (Chlorin e6) and the specific light (650 nm). The SERS spectra of the Cell Nucleus during the PDT treatment were recorded in situ and the spectroscopic analysis of the dynamics of the Nucleus uncovered two main events in the therapeutic process: the protein degradation and the DNA fragmentation. We expect that these findings are of vital significance in having a better understanding of the PDT mechanism acting on the cancer Cell Nucleus and can further help us to design and develop more effective therapeutic platforms and methods
Yong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In situ AFM detection of the stiffness of the in situ exposed Cell Nucleus.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, 2021Co-Authors: Kun Wang, Ying Qin, Yong ChenAbstract:Abstract Biomechanical properties of the Cell Nucleus play critical roles in Cell behaviors and functions. As one important biomechanical property, the stiffness (or Young’s modulus) of the Cell Nucleus has been widely investigated by different techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM). In most of previous studies, the stiffness of the nuclear region of an intact Cell or the stiffness of the isolated Nucleus was detected. In this study, we developed a strategy for in situ detecting the stiffness of the Cell Nucleus via AFM. The extranuclear components of adherent Cells (endothelial Cells) were in situ removed by Triton X-100 treatment and the bare, adherent nuclei were exposed for in situ AFM force measurement. We found that the nuclear regions of intact Cells (5.59 ± 1.55 kPa) had a relatively higher average Young’s modulus than the nonnuclear regions (1.47 ± 0.77 kPa) and that the in situ exposed nuclei (22.06 ± 7.29 kPa) were much stiffer than the nuclear regions of intact Cells. This strategy is very simple and effective for detecting the stiffness of the Cell Nucleus and potentially is promising for a wide application.
Jing Yue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Investigating Dynamic Molecular Events in Melanoma Cell Nucleus During Photodynamic Therapy by SERS.
Frontiers in chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Jing Yue, Lijia Liang, Yanting Shen, Xin Guan, Jing Zhang, Rong Deng, Chongyang Liang, Wei ShiAbstract:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the uptake of photosensitizers by cancer Cells and the irradiation of a light with a specific wavelength to trigger a serious of photochemical reactions based on the generation of reactive oxygen, leading to cancer Cell death. PDT has been widely used in various fields of biomedicine. However, the molecular events of cancer Cell Nucleus during the PDT process are still unclear. In this work, a nuclear-targeted gold nanorod Raman nanoprobe combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) was exploited to investigate the dynamic intranuclear molecular changes of B16 Cells (a murine melanoma Cell line) treated with a photosensitizer (Chlorin e6) and the specific light (650 nm). The SERS spectra of Cell Nucleus during the PDT treatment were in situ recorded and the spectroscopic analysis of the dynamics of Nucleus uncovered two main events in the therapeutic process: the protein degradation and the DNA fragmentation. We expect that these findings are of vital significance in having a better understanding in the PDT mechanism acting on cancer Cell Nucleus and can further help us to design and develop more effective therapeutic platforms and methods.
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Presentation_1_Investigating Dynamic Molecular Events in Melanoma Cell Nucleus During Photodynamic Therapy by SERS.pdf
2019Co-Authors: Jing Yue, Lijia Liang, Yanting Shen, Xin Guan, Jing Zhang, Rong Deng, Chongyang Liang, Wei ShiAbstract:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the uptake of photosensitizers by cancer Cells and the irradiation of a light with a specific wavelength to trigger a series of photochemical reactions based on the generation of reactive oxygen, leading to cancer Cell death. PDT has been widely used in various fields of biomedicine. However, the molecular events of the cancer Cell Nucleus during the PDT process are still unclear. In this work, a nuclear-targeted gold nanorod Raman nanoprobe combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) was exploited to investigate the dynamic intranuclear molecular changes of B16 Cells (a murine melanoma Cell line) treated with a photosensitizer (Chlorin e6) and the specific light (650 nm). The SERS spectra of the Cell Nucleus during the PDT treatment were recorded in situ and the spectroscopic analysis of the dynamics of the Nucleus uncovered two main events in the therapeutic process: the protein degradation and the DNA fragmentation. We expect that these findings are of vital significance in having a better understanding of the PDT mechanism acting on the cancer Cell Nucleus and can further help us to design and develop more effective therapeutic platforms and methods.
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Investigating Dynamic Molecular Events in Melanoma Cell Nucleus During Photodynamic Therapy by SERS
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Jing Yue, Lijia Liang, Yanting Shen, Xin Guan, Jing Zhang, Rong Deng, Chongyang Liang, Wei ShiAbstract:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the uptake of photosensitizers by cancer Cells and the irradiation of a light with a specific wavelength to trigger a series of photochemical reactions based on the generation of reactive oxygen, leading to cancer Cell death. PDT has been widely used in various fields of biomedicine. However, the molecular events of the cancer Cell Nucleus during the PDT process are still unclear. In this work, a nuclear-targeted gold nanorod Raman nanoprobe combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) was exploited to investigate the dynamic intranuclear molecular changes of B16 Cells (a murine melanoma Cell line) treated with a photosensitizer (Chlorin e6) and the specific light (650 nm). The SERS spectra of the Cell Nucleus during the PDT treatment were recorded in situ and the spectroscopic analysis of the dynamics of the Nucleus uncovered two main events in the therapeutic process: the protein degradation and the DNA fragmentation. We expect that these findings are of vital significance in having a better understanding of the PDT mechanism acting on the cancer Cell Nucleus and can further help us to design and develop more effective therapeutic platforms and methods
Klaus Buchner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of protein kinase C in the regulation of Cell growth and in signalling to the Cell Nucleus.
Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2000Co-Authors: Klaus BuchnerAbstract:The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases consists of at least 11 mammalian isoforms, which show slight differences in their molecular structure and enzymatic properties. PKC isoforms are involved in a wide variety of intraCellular signalling events and play an important role in tumour promotion and Cell growth control in general. Studies of expression levels in cancer Cells and studies using overexpression of single isoforms or expression of dominant negative isoforms reveal that, depending on the Cellular background, PKC isoforms can either promote or inhibit Cell growth. To understand the role of PKC isoforms in growth control, it is essential to understand how PKC functions in the intraCellular signalling cascades towards the Cell Nucleus. Recent work has shown that PKC isoforms can act either in the cytoplasm, and cause nuclear effects indirectly by triggering signalling pathways directed towards the Cell Nucleus, or, after translocation and activation, can themselves act in the Cell Nucleus.