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P T Sherwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE determination of the Cement content of soil‐Cement Mixtures. II.Rapid field methods
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2007Co-Authors: K. E. Clare, P T SherwoodAbstract:Modern methods of producing soil-Cement Mixtures in civil engineering involve the use of mixing machines having high rates of output. It is necessary to have methods of determining rapidly the Cement content of mixed material to enable the addition of Cement to the mixer to be controlled and to avoid wastage of material containing insufficient Cement. This paper describes two such methods. In the first method the soil-Cement Mixture is placed in an acidic buffered solution, and the Cement content is determined by a measurement of the pH of the resulting suspension. Some of the factors influencing the results have been investigated. The second method is applicable when super-rapid-hardening Cement is used; it consists in determining the chloride content of the Mixture, by the Volhard technique.
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The determination of the Cement content of soil–Cement. III An investigation of some of the factors involved†
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2007Co-Authors: P T SherwoodAbstract:In the two previous parts of this paper a method was described for determining the Cement content of a soil–Cement Mixture by measuring the calcium oxide contents of the soil, the Cement and the Mixture. Since this earlier work, alternative methods have been developed for estimating calcium, and in the present investigation these have been applied to the measurement of Cement content. A series of comparisons has been made between the different methods, and that using ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid has been found to be most satisfactory. The effect of the sampling procedure on the accuracy of the analyses has also been studied, and recommendations are made regarding sampling technique.
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THE determination of the Cement content of soil‐Cement Mixtures I. A laboratory method
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2007Co-Authors: K. E. Clare, P T SherwoodAbstract:Soil-Cement is being used increasingly in many aspects of civil engineering, and a method of determining the Cement content is required both for research purposes and for checking the quality of soil-Cement construction. A description is given of the development and adoption in the U.S.A. of a method based on the determination of the calcium oxide content of the soil, the Cement and the soil-Cement Mixture. Adoption of this method in this country is described, and reference is made to the difficulty encountered in using it with soil-Cement made from heavy clay. Various modifications to the method have been investigated, and it was found that the most accurate results could be obtained with clay-Cement Mixtures only when the acid extract containing the calcium was separated from the Mixture by centrifuging. Reference is made to a possible method of measuring the Cement content of the soil-Cement by estimating the sulphate content which arises from the calcium sulphate contained in normal Portland Cement. This method might be preferable for Cement-stabilized soil containing a large proportion of calcium carbonate but substantially free from sulphate.
Roslan Hashim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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application of adaptive neuro fuzzy technique to predict the unconfined compressive strength of pfa sand Cement Mixture
Powder Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Shervin Motamedi, Shahaboddin Shamshirband, Dalibor Petkovic, Roslan HashimAbstract:Abstract The paper addresses the application of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) computing technique to predict the unconfined compressive strength of the pulverized fuel ash–Cement–sand Mixture. A series of unconfined compressive tests were performed on several Mixtures of Cement, pulverized fuel ash (PFA), and sand for checking and training data for the ANFIS network. Although some mathematical functions were applied to model the unconfined compressive strength of the construction materials, numerous setbacks of the models were observed. The artificial neural network (ANN) can be used as an analytical method for various prediction purposes because it provides the benefit of independency on the knowledge of internal system parameters, compressed compact solution in terms of multi-variable problems and rapid computation. The ANFIS is a particular class of the ANN family with attractive estimation and learning potentials. This provides a suitable platform when the analysis is aimed to counter the uncertainties in a system. The ANFIS RMSE was 0.0617 for prediction of the unconfined compressive strength of the pulverized fuel ash–Cement–sand Mixture.
K. E. Clare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE determination of the Cement content of soil‐Cement Mixtures. II.Rapid field methods
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2007Co-Authors: K. E. Clare, P T SherwoodAbstract:Modern methods of producing soil-Cement Mixtures in civil engineering involve the use of mixing machines having high rates of output. It is necessary to have methods of determining rapidly the Cement content of mixed material to enable the addition of Cement to the mixer to be controlled and to avoid wastage of material containing insufficient Cement. This paper describes two such methods. In the first method the soil-Cement Mixture is placed in an acidic buffered solution, and the Cement content is determined by a measurement of the pH of the resulting suspension. Some of the factors influencing the results have been investigated. The second method is applicable when super-rapid-hardening Cement is used; it consists in determining the chloride content of the Mixture, by the Volhard technique.
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THE determination of the Cement content of soil‐Cement Mixtures I. A laboratory method
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2007Co-Authors: K. E. Clare, P T SherwoodAbstract:Soil-Cement is being used increasingly in many aspects of civil engineering, and a method of determining the Cement content is required both for research purposes and for checking the quality of soil-Cement construction. A description is given of the development and adoption in the U.S.A. of a method based on the determination of the calcium oxide content of the soil, the Cement and the soil-Cement Mixture. Adoption of this method in this country is described, and reference is made to the difficulty encountered in using it with soil-Cement made from heavy clay. Various modifications to the method have been investigated, and it was found that the most accurate results could be obtained with clay-Cement Mixtures only when the acid extract containing the calcium was separated from the Mixture by centrifuging. Reference is made to a possible method of measuring the Cement content of the soil-Cement by estimating the sulphate content which arises from the calcium sulphate contained in normal Portland Cement. This method might be preferable for Cement-stabilized soil containing a large proportion of calcium carbonate but substantially free from sulphate.
P. C. Borthakur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cementitious properties of metakaolin normal portland Cement Mixture in the presence of petroleum effluent treatment plant sludge
Cement and Concrete Research, 2002Co-Authors: Nabajyoti Saikia, Pradip K Gogoi, Pinaki Sengupta, P. C. BorthakurAbstract:Abstract The physicochemical characteristics of cocalcined kaolin and petroleum effluent treatment plant (ETP) sludge and its effect on the technological and hydration characteristics of Cement have been presented. Conductivity measurements indicate that both the sludge ash (SA) and cocalcined kaolin–sludge Mixtures in aqueous medium are reactive in nature. The rate of hydration was investigated by determining the combined water (CW) and Ca(OH) 2 content in the hydration products. The hydration products were characterized by FTIR spectrophotometric method and XRD analysis technique. The rates of hydration of Cement containing cocalcined kaolin–sludge Mixtures are comparatively higher than the others. Blended Cements with improved technological properties may be prepared by replacing 20% Cement with cocalcined kaolin–sludge Mixtures containing up to 30% sludge.
Alena Sicakova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Influence of Different Pre-Treatments of Concrete Surface on the Bond Strength of Geopolymer-Type Coating Layer
Sustainability, 2018Co-Authors: Alena SicakovaAbstract:The treatment of concrete surface using more durable material is one way to slow down the damage process of material, which can negatively affect durability of construction. This paper is aimed at testing the geopolymer-type coating materials of different composition while placing emphasis on various techniques of surface pre-treatments of concrete to which they were applied. The main composition variables were as follows: the fly ash fineness (original, ground) and the addition of washing-aggregate sludge. Four compositions were tested and compared with the composition based on Cement binder. The Cement Mixture was prepared using the same fillers. The following techniques of surface pre-treatment of concrete were applied: brushing, pressure washing, and pressure washing followed by penetration, together with non-treated surface being used for comparison. The effect of the surface treatment technique was tested through the adhesion strength, which was executed at 2, 7, 28, and 120 days after application of the coating. The influence of the composition of geopolymer coating material was also discussed. Geopolymer-based Mixtures achieved better adhesive strength than the Cement-based Mixture, regardless of surface treatment technique. The addition of sludge microfiller seems to be beneficial in improving the adhesive strength of geopolymer-type coating material.