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Rozelle P. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Installation of a stoker-coal preparation plant in Krakow, Poland. Quarterly technical progress report No. 3, November--December 1994
EFH Coal Co. Mars PA (United States), 1996Co-Authors: Rozelle P.Abstract:This report describes the progress made during this reporting period of a two year project to demonstrate that the air pollution from a traveling grate stoker being used to heat water at a Central Heating plant in Krakow, Poland can be reduced significantly by (1) substituting the unwashed, unsized coal currently being used with a mechanically cleaned, double-sized stoker fuel and by (2) optimizing the operating parameters of the stoker. It is anticipated that these improvements will prove to be cost effective and hence be adopted by the other Central Heating plants in Krakow and indeed, throughout Eastern European cities where coal continues to be the primary source of fuel. EFH Coal Company has formed a partnership with two Polish institutions -- MPEC, a Central Heating company in Krakow, and Naftokrak-Naftobudowa, preparation plant designers and fabricators, for the execution of this effort. The washability data from a 20mm x 0.5mm size fraction of raw coal from the Nikwa Modrejow Mine were evaluated. The data show that the ash content of this coal can be reduced from 34.0 percent to 9.0 percent by washing in a heavy-media cyclone at 1.725 sp.gr.; the actual yield of clean coal would be 63.1 percent. This product would meet compliance limitations of 500 a of SO{sub 2}/GJ. An evaluation of the predicted results that can be expected when washing five different candidate Polish coals shows that compliance products containing less than 640 a SO{sub 2}/GJ and 10 percent ash at attractive yields can be produced by washing the raw coals in a heavy-media cyclone. Discussions with financial institutions regarding the cost of producing a quality stoker coal in Poland and for identifying sources of private capital to help cost share the project continued. The search for markets for utilizing surplus production from the new plant continued
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Installation of a stoker-coal preparation plant in Krakow, Poland. Quarterly technical progress report No. 2, August--October, 1994
EFH Coal Co. Mars PA (United States), 1996Co-Authors: Rozelle P.Abstract:This report describes the progress made during the second Quarter of a two year project to demonstrate that the air pollution, from a traveling grate stoker being used to heat water at a Central Heating plant in Krakow Poland, can be reduced significantly by replacing the unwashed, unsized coal now being used with a mechanically cleaned, double sized stoker fuel and by optimizing the operating parameters of the stoker. It is anticipated that these improvements will prove to be cost effective and hence be adopted in the other Central Heating plants in Krakow and indeed throughout Eastern European cities where coal is the primary source of Heating fuel. EFH Coal Company has formed a partnership with two Polish institutions -- MPEC a Central Heating company in Krakow and Naftokrak-Naftobudowa, preparation plant designers and fabricators for this effort. The washability data from a 20mm x 0.5mm size fraction of raw coal from the Staszic Mine were evaluated. The data show that the ash content of this coal can be reduced from 24.4 percent to 6.24 percent by washing in a heavy media cyclone at 1.825 sp.gr.; the actual yield of clean coal would be 76.1 percent. The quest for long-term sources of raw coal to feed the proposed 300 tph stoker coal preparation plant continued throughout the reporting period. Meetings were held with Polish coal preparation equipment suppliers to obtain price and delivery quotations for long lead-time process equipment. Preliminary cost evaluations were the topic of several meetings with financial institutions regarding the cost of producing a quality stoker coal in Poland and for identifying sources of private capital to help cost share the project. The search for markets for surplus production from the new plant continued
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Installation of a stoker-coal preparation plant in Krakow, Poland. Quarterly technical progress report No. 4, January--March, 1995
EFH Coal Co. Mars PA (United States), 1996Co-Authors: Rozelle P.Abstract:This report describes the progress made during this reporting period of a two year project to demonstrate that the air pollution from a traveling-grate stoker being used to heat water at a Central Heating plant in Krakow, Poland can be reduced significantly by (1) substituting the unwashed, unsized coal currently being used with a mechanically cleaned, double-sized stoker fuel and by (2) optimizing the operating parameters of the stoker. It is anticipated that these improvements will prove to be cost-effective and hence will be adopted by the other Central Heating plants in Krakow and ideally, throughout Eastern European cities where coal continues to be the primary source of fuel. EFH Coal Company has formed a partnership with two Polish institutions -- MPEC, a Central Heating company in Krakow, and Naftokrak-Naftobudowa, preparation plant designers and fabricators-for the execution of this effort. Five potential candidate sources have been located and contracts for coal deliveries should be executed early next quarter. TInitial delays in formalizing the EFH/Polish Partners agreement delayed finalizing the coal supply contracts and hence, precluded collecting the Polish coal samples for characterization and combustion performance studies. Work on this Task will be initialed next quarter after the raw coal supply contracts are executed. A conceptual design for a plant to wash 25mm x 0 raw coal fines at a need rate of 300 mtph was completed. This plant will receive raw coals ranging in ash content from 20 to 30 percent and produce a compliance coal containing about 1 percent ash, 0.8 percent sulfur and 27, 840 KJ/kg (12,000 Btu/lb). A heavy-media cyclone will be used to wash the 20mm x 1mm stoker coal. Discussions with financial institutions regarding the cost of producing a quality stoker coal in Poland and A for identifying sources of private capital to help cost share the project continued
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Installation of a stoker-coal preparation plant in Krakow, Poland. Technical progress report 7, October--December 1995
EFH Coal Co. Wilkes-Barre PA (United States), 1995Co-Authors: Rozelle P.Abstract:This report describes the progress made during this reporting period of a two-year project to demonstrate that the air pollution from a traveling-grate stoker being used to heat water at one of MPEC`s Central Heating plants in Krakow, Poland can be reduced significantly by (1) substituting the unwashed, unsized coal currently being used with a mechanically cleaned, double-sized stoker fuel and by (2) optimizing the operating parameters of the stoker. It is anticipated that these improvements will prove to be cost-effective and hence will be adopted by the other Central Heating plants in Krakow and, ideally, throughout Eastern European cities where coal continues to be the primary source of fuel. EFH Coal Company has formed a partnership with two Polish institutions--MPEC, a Central Heating company in Krakow, and Naftokrak-Naftobudowa, preparation plant designers and fabricators--for the execution of this effort. A long- term contract for the procurement of 750,000 tons of 20 mm. {times} 0 raw coal for the new plant has been negotiated with the Katowice Coal Holding Company. This long-term lease includes a site near the defunct Kazimierz-Julius preparation plant that has all of the infrastructure needed to build and operate the proposed 300 tph stoker coal preparation plant. The search for markets for utilizing surplus production from the new plant continues. Bid prices for a prefabricated (modular) 300-tph turnkey preparation plant delivered to Poland for preparing a stoker coal ranged from $3.2 to $3.5 million dollars (US). A commitment has been negotiated with Bank PKO S.A. to provide $2 million in cost-share financing toward the capital cost of the project. This sum, when added to the $2.4 million in DOE- BPU funds will be adequate to meet the $3 to $3.5 million needed to finance the purchase, erection and start-up of the 300 tph processing plant
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Installation of a stoker-coal preparation plant in Krakow, Poland. Technical progress report 6, July - September 1995
EFH Coal Co. Wilkes-Barre PA (United States), 1995Co-Authors: Rozelle P.Abstract:This report describes the progress made during this reporting period of a project to demonstrate that the air pollution from a traveling- grate stoker being used to heat water at one of MPEC`s Central Heating plants in Krakow, Poland can be reduced significantly by (1) substituting the unwashed, unsized coal currently being used with a mechanically cleaned, double-sized stoker fuel and by (2) optimizing the operating parameters of the stoker. It is anticipated that these improvements will prove to be cost-effective and hence will be adopted by the other Central Heating plants in Krakow and, ideally, throughout Eastern European cities where coal continues to be the primary source of fuel. EFH Coal Company has formed a partnership with two Polish institutions -- MPEC, a Central Heating company in Krakow, and Naftokrak-Naftobudowa, preparation plant designers and fabricators -- for the execution of this effort. The terms of a long- term contract for the procurement of 750,000 tons of 20 mm x 0 raw coal for the new plant have been negotiated with the Katowice Holding Company. This draft contract currently is still under legal review. The negotiated price is near that of the Polish government`s established price of $32/ton. Biprostal, an engineering firm located in Krakow, continued performing the many environmental and permitting activities that are required by the various levels of the Polish government before the plant can be constructed and operated. The search for markets for utilizing surplus production from the new plant continues. Because of the unanticipated delays encountered during the onset of the project with forming the EFH Coal/Polish partnership and in negotiating long-term raw coal supply contracts, a third 90-day, no-cost time extension was requested
Daan Six - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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flexibility of a combined heat and power system with thermal energy storage for district Heating
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas Nuytten, Bert Claessens, Kristof Paredis, Johan Van Bael, Daan SixAbstract:Abstract The trend towards an increased importance of distributed (renewable) energy resources characterized by intermittent operation redefines the energy landscape. The stochastic nature of the energy systems on the supply side requires increased flexibility at the demand side. We present a model that determines the theoretical maximum of flexibility of a combined heat and power system coupled to a thermal energy storage solution that can be either Centralized or deCentralized. Conventional Central Heating, to meet the heat demand at peak moments, is also available. The implications of both storage concepts are evaluated in a reference district. The amount of flexibility created in the district Heating system is determined by the approach of the system through delayed or forced operation mode. It is found that the distinction between the implementation of the thermal energy storage as a Central unit or as a collection of local units, has a dramatic effect on the amount of available flexibility.
Weishi Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how does urbanization affect co2 emissions of Central Heating systems in china an assessment of natural gas transition policy based on nighttime light data
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Yuanzheng Cui, Weishi Zhang, Can Wang, Jionghua Wang, David G StreetsAbstract:Abstract Understanding the different impacts of urbanization on sectorial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at different spatial scales is of great importance for the evaluation of energy transition policies and reduction of environmental inequality. However, how urbanization affects the CO2 emissions of Central Heating systems at high spatial resolution in China has not been fully studied before. Based on satellite-observed NPP-VIIRS nighttime light (NTL) data, we develop a 5 km × 5 km annual CO2 emission inventory for coal boilers, thermal power plants (TPPs), and natural gas boilers in China’s Central Heating systems for the period 2012–2017 by using the geographical and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. It is observed that nonurban areas generated 2–4 times the CO2 emissions of coal boilers in urban areas. The largest increments of CO2 emissions of gas boilers are observed in urban areas of the eastern (6.80 times) and Central regions (2.86 times) in 2013–2014, due to the clean Heating policy in the “2 + 26” cities in China. The effects of urbanization on CO2 emissions from natural gas boilers are approximately 2–3 times those of coal boilers, and the differences are largest in western cities with only minor differences in northeastern cities. Our results will aid in designing low-carbon development goals and provide micro-level information on Central Heating facilities in urbanized and less developed regions.
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spatiotemporal dynamics of co2 emissions from Central Heating supply in the north china plain over 2012 2016 due to natural gas usage
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Yuanzheng Cui, Weishi Zhang, Can Wang, David G Streets, Jintai LinAbstract:Abstract Energy consumption from Central Heating has rapidly increased in the cities of the North China Plain (NCP). The increasing use of natural gas in the Central Heating supply system may have altered the spatial and temporal patterns of CO2 emissions from Central Heating, yet the quantitative impacts are poorly understood. Here we detect the spatio-temporal dynamics of CO2 emissions of Central Heating from 2012 to 2016 at the prefectural-city level in the NCP region, by using the satellite NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and a panel regression model to estimate CO2 emissions on a 5 × 5 km2 grid. We find that despite a slight decrease (2%) in 2014 under the “Natural Gas Utilization Policy”, CO2 emissions continued to grow. Between 2012 and 2016, CO2 emissions from Central Heating in the NCP increased from 106 to 121 Tg, although CO2 emissions declined by 12% in Beijing due to the increasing contribution of natural gas boilers. The gridded CO2 emissions map shows that over 2012–2016 coal burning is the main driving force of CO2 emissions in both urban and non-urban regions, despite the increasing fraction of gas-based Heating. Our results contribute to city-level policymaking on carbon reduction and climate change mitigation. The high-resolution gridded CO2 emissions can also be applied in physical models to facilitate carbon cycle studies.
Thomas Nuytten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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flexibility of a combined heat and power system with thermal energy storage for district Heating
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas Nuytten, Bert Claessens, Kristof Paredis, Johan Van Bael, Daan SixAbstract:Abstract The trend towards an increased importance of distributed (renewable) energy resources characterized by intermittent operation redefines the energy landscape. The stochastic nature of the energy systems on the supply side requires increased flexibility at the demand side. We present a model that determines the theoretical maximum of flexibility of a combined heat and power system coupled to a thermal energy storage solution that can be either Centralized or deCentralized. Conventional Central Heating, to meet the heat demand at peak moments, is also available. The implications of both storage concepts are evaluated in a reference district. The amount of flexibility created in the district Heating system is determined by the approach of the system through delayed or forced operation mode. It is found that the distinction between the implementation of the thermal energy storage as a Central unit or as a collection of local units, has a dramatic effect on the amount of available flexibility.
Xin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inverse problem and variation method to optimize cascade heat exchange network in Central Heating system
Journal of Thermal Science, 2017Co-Authors: Yin Zhang, Yinping Zhang, Xin WangAbstract:Urban Heating in northern China accounts for 40% of total building energy usage. In Central Heating systems, heat is often transferred from heat source to users by the heat network where several heat exchangers are installed at heat source, substations and terminals respectively. For given overall Heating capacity and heat source temperature, increasing the terminal fluid temperature is an effective way to improve the thermal performance of such cascade heat exchange network for energy saving. In this paper, the mathematical optimization model of the cascade heat exchange network with three-stage heat exchangers in series is established. Aim at maximizing the cold fluid temperature for given hot fluid temperature and overall Heating capacity, the optimal heat exchange area distribution and the medium fluids’ flow rates are determined through inverse problem and variation method. The preliminary results show that the heat exchange areas should be distributed equally for each heat exchanger. It also indicates that in order to improve the thermal performance of the whole system, more heat exchange areas should be allocated to the heat exchanger where flow rate difference between two fluids is relatively small. This work is important for guiding the optimization design of practical cascade Heating systems.
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application of concept of heat adaptor determining an ideal Central Heating system using industrial waste heat
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Yinping Zhang, Yin Zhang, Xin WangAbstract:Abstract In northern China, urban Heating energy consumption accounts for about 40% of the total building energy consumption and emits a lot of pollutants to atmosphere environment, while tremendous low grade industrial waste heat is discharged into the environment. Utilizing these industrial waste heat for Central Heating in winter is of great importance in energy saving and atmosphere environment protection. Hence, it raised more concerns during recent years. However, in traditional systems, such waste heat is used to produce relatively low temperature supply water through heat exchangers. It leads to large mass flow rate in the primary network, which results in huge pumping energy consumption after long distance delivery, since the Heating users are often far away from the industrial waste heat sources. In this paper, applying the concept of heat adaptor put forward in our previous paper, an ideal Central Heating system using such industrial waste heat is determined. It is composed of two heat adaptors at heat source and substations respectively. The optimal return water temperature in the primary network of the ideal Central Heating system is derived to be the ambient air temperature. Compared with a conventional Central Heating system including heat exchanger system or absorption heat exchanger system, the return water temperature, mass flow rate and delivery pumping energy consumption of an ideal Central Heating system can be decreased greatly. In the illustrative example, the delivery pumping energy consumption is reduced by 82%, by using the proposed ideal Central Heating system. It is hoped that the method developed in the present paper is helpful for optimization design of practical Central Heating systems using industrial waste heat.
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application of heat adaptor thermodynamic optimization for Central Heating system through extremum principle
Energy Procedia, 2015Co-Authors: Yin Zhang, Yinping Zhang, Xin WangAbstract:Abstract Urban Heating energy consumption in northern China accounts for 40% of total building energy consumption. In traditional Central Heating system, heat transfers from primary network (130°C/70°C) to secondary network (60°C/45°C) through heat exchangers in substations. In this paper, by introducing heat engine, heat pump and considering obtaining heat from environment, a new heat adaptor is built and the best system can be deduced out after thermodynamic optimization through extremum principle. The preliminary results indicate that when the return water temperature of primary network equals the ambient temperature, the Heating capacity reaches the maximal value, which increases by 40% compared to absorption heat exchange system. Thus the thermal performance of existing Heating systems can be evaluated.
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the analysis of plate heat exchanger in Central Heating regulation of indirect connection hot water Heating system
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Ming Hui Cui, Xin Wang, Ji Liang LiuAbstract:Plate heat exchanger with unique advantages become dominant heat exchange equipment in Heating engineering. But there is no Heating regulation formula of plate exchanger applying in indirect connection hot water Heating Central Heating regulation. This paper analysis the condition that the Heating user’s system adopts quality regulation method and the hot water network system adopts quality-flow regulation method, obtain the regulation formulas of plate exchanger applying in indirect connection hot water Heating Central Heating regulation, provides reliable theory basis on the operation regulation, energy –saving testing, etc. for indirect connection Central Heating system.