The Experts below are selected from a list of 29022 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wentai Hsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Central Place Theory and the power law for cities
2019Co-Authors: Wentai Hsu, Xin ZouAbstract:This chapter provides a review of the link between Central Place Theory and the power laws for cities. A Theory of city size distribution is proposed via a Central Place hierarchy a la Christaller (1933) either as an equilibrium results or an optimal allocation. Under a Central Place hierarchy, it is shown that a power law for cities emerges if the underlying heterogeneity in economies of scale across good is regularly varying. Furthermore, we show that an optimal allocation of cities conforms with a Central Place hierarchy if the underlying heterogeneity in economies of scale across good is a power function.
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optimal city hierarchy a dynamic programming approach to Central Place Theory
Journal of Economic Theory, 2014Co-Authors: Wentai Hsu, Thomas J Holmes, Frank MorganAbstract:Abstract Central Place Theory is a key building block of economic geography and an empirically plausible description of city systems. This paper provides a rationale for Central Place Theory via a dynamic programming formulation of the social planner's problem of city hierarchy. We show that there must be one and only one immediate smaller city between two neighboring larger-sized cities in any optimal solution. If the fixed cost of setting up a city is a power function, then the immediate smaller city will be located in the middle, confirming the locational pattern suggested by Christaller [4] . We also show that the solution can be approximated by iterating the mapping defined by the dynamic programming problem. The main characterization results apply to a general hierarchical problem with recursive divisions.
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Central Place Theory and city size distribution
The Economic Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Wentai HsuAbstract:This paper proposes a Theory of city size distribution via a hierarchy approach rather than the popular random growth process. It does so by formalizing Central Place Theory using an equilibrium entry model and specifying the conditions under which city size distribution follows a power law. Central Place Theory describes the way in which a hierarchical city system with difierent layers of cities serving difierently sized market areas is formed from a uniformly populated space. The force driving the city size difierences in this model is the heterogeneity in economies of scale across goods. The city size distribution under a Central Place hierarchy exhibits a power law if the distribution of scale economies is regularly varying, which is a general class that encompasses many well-known, commonly used distributions. This model is also consistent with a power law for flrms and a number-average-size rule, which is the log-linear relationship between the number and average size of the cities in which an industry is located.
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optimal city hierarchy a dynamic programming approach to Central Place Theory
Research Papers in Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Wentai Hsu, Thomas J HolmesAbstract:It is an empirically plausible description of cities and is route to explain empirical regularities in city size distribution and industrial locations. This paper formalizes Central Place hierarchy by providing a rationale for it via a social planner's problem. The optimal city hierarchy is then compared with the equilibrium city hierarchy in Hsu (2008).
Liu Kewei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the center distributed model of towns rank size resorted fractal Theory on the basis of Central Place Theory and its application
Economic Geography, 2006Co-Authors: Liu KeweiAbstract:The Center Place Theory and the Rank-Size Rule is two classical theories of urban geography science.The Zipf's law is the important practical formula to describe the Rank-Size Rule,but there are some questions when the Zipf's formula is used to learn a urban system's size distribution,such as the practical discussions are more than the theoretical studies and the theoretical values of the cities' sizes resulted from the Zipf's formula are far different from the practical values.In order to make the Rank-Size study of regional urban system has better theoretical dependence;this article sets up a model of urban system's Rank-Size,which is resorted fractal Theory on the basis of Central Place Theory.If the fractal dimension of the urban system's sizes distribution is known,the urban system's Rank-Size distribution model on the basis of Center Place Theory could be made up for a single region,and the author call it Center Distributed Model.Compared with the Zipf's formula,above model has better theoretic values and practical worth.First,it adds more theoretical mean into Rank-Size Rule;second,it can predict the Rank-Size distribution of one region's urban system and also makes it can be compared with other regions' urban system;third but not the last,it can estimate the value of "K" which is defined in Center Place Model.So above model is a better orientation for the development of a region's urban system.At last,the author takes the GuanZhong area in Shaanxi province for an example to explain the application of above model.
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the center distributed model of towns rank size resorted fractal Theory on the basis of Central Place Theory and its application
Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2006Co-Authors: Liu KeweiAbstract:In order to make the rank-size study of regional urban system has better theoretical dependence,this article sets up a model of urban system's ranksize,which is resorted fractal Theory on the basis of Central Place Theory.If the fractal dimension of the urban system's size distribution is known,the urban system's rank-size distribution model on the basis of Center Place Theory could be made up for a single region,and the authors call it center distributed model.Compared with the Zipf's formula,above model has better theoretic values and practical worth.First,it adds more theoretical mean into rank-size rule;second,it can predict the rank-size distribution of one region's urban system and also makes it can be compared with other regions' urban system;third,it can estimate the value of "K" which is defined in center distributed model.So above model is a better orientation for the development of a region's urban system.At last,the authors take the Guanzhong area in Shanxi Province for an example to explain the application of above model.
Frank Morgan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimal city hierarchy a dynamic programming approach to Central Place Theory
Journal of Economic Theory, 2014Co-Authors: Wentai Hsu, Thomas J Holmes, Frank MorganAbstract:Abstract Central Place Theory is a key building block of economic geography and an empirically plausible description of city systems. This paper provides a rationale for Central Place Theory via a dynamic programming formulation of the social planner's problem of city hierarchy. We show that there must be one and only one immediate smaller city between two neighboring larger-sized cities in any optimal solution. If the fixed cost of setting up a city is a power function, then the immediate smaller city will be located in the middle, confirming the locational pattern suggested by Christaller [4] . We also show that the solution can be approximated by iterating the mapping defined by the dynamic programming problem. The main characterization results apply to a general hierarchical problem with recursive divisions.
Tony Cockett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Central Place practice shopping centre attractiveness measures hinterland boundaries and the uk retail hierarchy
Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2002Co-Authors: Charles Dennis, David Marsland, Tony CockettAbstract:Christaller's (Central Places in Southern Germany (translated by Baskin C (1966)), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1933) well-known and much criticised ‘Central Place Theory’ was based on classical, arguably unsustainable, economic assumptions such as the uniformity of consumers and travel. Nevertheless, it has been claimed that the emergence of shopping areas in UK towns could largely be explained in terms of Central Place principles (Retail Location: A Micro-Scale Perspective, Aldershot, Avebury, 1992). Brown drew support from the example of the retail hierarchy of Cardiff (UK, Store Location and Store Assessment Research, Chichester, Wiley, 1984): a town centre core radiating progressively further out with greater numbers of district centres, neighbourhood centres and finally local centres. Christaller's Theory was based on rigid ‘laws of distribution of Central Places’ and ‘laws of settlement’ which ‘often determine[d] with astonishing exactness, the location of Central Places’ in southern Germany. Guy considered that for useful application to UK retail, a more flexible interpretation was needed and that strict economic assumptions could be relaxed in a more pragmatic approach. The ‘classical’ approach fails to account for the positions and hinterland (or catchment area) boundaries of modern out-of-town regional shopping centres. Except in defining the components of Places at various levels in the hierarchy, Christaller did not even consider the attractiveness of shopping areas in consumer choice. A number of other authors have investigated various measures to define positions in the retail hierarchy. In the Cardiff example, Guy used retail sales floor area as a surrogate measure. Systems have been proposed based on numbers and status of retail outlets (The New Guide to Shopping Centres of Great Britain, Hillier Parker, London, 1991; Shopping Centres, Mintel, London, 1997; J. Property Res. 9 (1992) 122–160; J. Property Res. 9 (1985) 122–160). This paper evaluates the authors’ empirically based measurement system for attractiveness that can be applied to out-of-town as well as in-town shopping centres. The approach adapts previous simple systems based on retailer counts. These have been combined in attractiveness measurements applied to definitions of position in the hierarchy. Results support the prediction of Central Place hinterland boundaries based on the authors’ attractiveness measures and adaptation of (The Law of Gravitation, Knickerbocker Press, New York, 1931) ‘Law’. The data fit exemplar published empirical data on shopping centre hinterlands more closely than do the commonly used drive-time isochrones.
Benny Geys - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of Central Places on spatial spending patterns evidence from flemish local government cultural expenditures
Journal of Cultural Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Kristien Werck, Bruno Heyndels, Benny GeysAbstract:Governments often see it as their responsibility to support cultural life and at times spend a significant amount of resources in the pursuit of this goal. The present paper analyses whether and how municipalities influence each other in this decision to spend resources on the arts (using data on local government cultural spending in 304 Flemish municipalities in 2002). Following ‘Central Place Theory’, the focal point of the analysis is the idea that – especially for cultural expenditures – large municipalities (and, specifically, ‘Central Places’) may affect their neighbours’ behaviour differently than small municipalities. The empirical analysis is supportive of this idea. Indeed, we show that Flemish municipalities’ cultural spending is generally positively affected by that in neighbouring municipalities. This pattern is, however, significantly more complex for municipalities neighbouring the 13 largest Flemish cities.
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The impact of ‘Central Places’ on spatial spending patterns: evidence from Flemish local government cultural expenditures
Journal of Cultural Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Kristien Werck, Bruno Heyndels, Benny GeysAbstract:Governments often see it as their responsibility to support cultural life and at times spend a significant amount of resources in the pursuit of this goal. The present article analyses whether and how municipalities influence each other in this decision to spend resources on the arts (using data on local government cultural spending in 304 Flemish municipalities in 2002). Following ‘Central Place Theory’, the focal point of the analysis is the idea that––especially for cultural expenditures––large municipalities (and, specifically, ‘Central Places’) may affect their neighbours’ behaviour differently than small municipalities. The empirical analysis supports this idea. Indeed, we show that Flemish municipalities’ cultural spending is generally positively affected by that in neighbouring municipalities. This pattern is, however, significantly more complex for municipalities neighbouring the 13 largest Flemish cities.