The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jennifer Rowley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a case for spatial decision support systems in Retail Location planning
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 1995Co-Authors: Ian Clarke, Jennifer RowleyAbstract:Despite some significant success stories, there has been only a slow diffusion of awareness of the benefits and application of site evaluation techniques in general, and the application of geographical information systems (GISs) in particular. Four types of factors that have hindered the development of the use of GISs as spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) are outlined: the balance between costs and benefits; the historical development of Location and Locational marketing strategy within Retail businesses; establishment of the role of GISs as SDSSs; and an appreciation of the competitive advantage to be gained by appropriate use of GISs. Argues the latest generation of GISs boasts a number of features that are likely to make them more user friendly and easier to integrate into the total information systems environment within an organization. However, effective use of GISs as SDSSs also depends on full integration of GISs into the armoury of decision‐support tools used by Retail managers.
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A case for spatial decision‐support systems in Retail Location planning
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 1995Co-Authors: Ian Clarke, Jennifer RowleyAbstract:Despite some significant success stories, there has been only a slow diffusion of awareness of the benefits and application of site evaluation techniques in general, and the application of geographical information systems (GISs) in particular. Four types of factors that have hindered the development of the use of GISs as spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) are outlined: the balance between costs and benefits; the historical development of Location and Locational marketing strategy within Retail businesses; establishment of the role of GISs as SDSSs; and an appreciation of the competitive advantage to be gained by appropriate use of GISs. Argues the latest generation of GISs boasts a number of features that are likely to make them more user friendly and easier to integrate into the total information systems environment within an organization. However, effective use of GISs as SDSSs also depends on full integration of GISs into the armoury of decision‐support tools used by Retail managers.
Ian Clarke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The devil is in the detail: visualising analogical thought in Retail Location decisionmaking
Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2003Co-Authors: Ian Clarke, William Mackaness, Barbara Ball, Masahide HoritaAbstract:Retailers use analogues (similar stores) routinely in the process of site assessment, either as a basic method of sales forecasting in its own right, or as a check on more complex quantitative models. In earlier stages of our research, we identified intuitive or qualitative causal knowledge structures derived from cognitive mapping interviews with UK Retail directors to classify new sites according to their degree of likeness on these same attributes. Here, we focus on how the analogues identified by our qualitative system can be visualised effectively for use in Location analysis. We discuss the role of analogy in Retail Location decisionmaking and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of visualisation. We evaluate the visual aspects of the system developed in the course of our research with reference to users' qualitative responses. The central issue appears to be the value users place on the system being able to summarise analogues simply on key dimensions at a general level, as well as...
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Towards a contemporary perspective of Retail Location
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 1997Co-Authors: Ian Clarke, David Bennison, J. PalAbstract:Much of the existing literature on Location does not address the problems faced by Retail organizations at a strategic level, largely because it has tended to concentrate on the technical and policy issues relating to the evaluation and development of new sites. The reason for this lies largely in the geographic origins of most previous work, and while marketing has borrowed many of these concepts and approaches, it has not yet fully developed additional ones appropriate for a strategic management audience. Reviews research in the geography and marketing traditions, and builds on recently published work to outline two new conceptual models which serve to link strategic and monadic (individual site) decisions. Discusses the development of a more holistic perspective which underlines the strategic role of Retail Location and emphasizes key areas for research relevant to many of the issues currently facing Retail organizations.
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a case for spatial decision support systems in Retail Location planning
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 1995Co-Authors: Ian Clarke, Jennifer RowleyAbstract:Despite some significant success stories, there has been only a slow diffusion of awareness of the benefits and application of site evaluation techniques in general, and the application of geographical information systems (GISs) in particular. Four types of factors that have hindered the development of the use of GISs as spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) are outlined: the balance between costs and benefits; the historical development of Location and Locational marketing strategy within Retail businesses; establishment of the role of GISs as SDSSs; and an appreciation of the competitive advantage to be gained by appropriate use of GISs. Argues the latest generation of GISs boasts a number of features that are likely to make them more user friendly and easier to integrate into the total information systems environment within an organization. However, effective use of GISs as SDSSs also depends on full integration of GISs into the armoury of decision‐support tools used by Retail managers.
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A case for spatial decision‐support systems in Retail Location planning
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 1995Co-Authors: Ian Clarke, Jennifer RowleyAbstract:Despite some significant success stories, there has been only a slow diffusion of awareness of the benefits and application of site evaluation techniques in general, and the application of geographical information systems (GISs) in particular. Four types of factors that have hindered the development of the use of GISs as spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) are outlined: the balance between costs and benefits; the historical development of Location and Locational marketing strategy within Retail businesses; establishment of the role of GISs as SDSSs; and an appreciation of the competitive advantage to be gained by appropriate use of GISs. Argues the latest generation of GISs boasts a number of features that are likely to make them more user friendly and easier to integrate into the total information systems environment within an organization. However, effective use of GISs as SDSSs also depends on full integration of GISs into the armoury of decision‐support tools used by Retail managers.
Hjp Harry Timmermans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stakeholders preferences and adaptive behaviour in Retail Location choice decisions
Environment and Planning B-planning & Design, 2014Co-Authors: I Ingrid I Janssen, Awj Aloys Borgers, Hjp Harry TimmermansAbstract:The changing role of urban planning in the Netherlands from regulatory to public–private development planning implies the need to gain insight into multistakeholder decision making in a spatial planning context. In this paper we show the importance of unravelling influence structures that affect individual stakeholder decisions. For this purpose we looked at the Dutch Retail planning context, where recently the responsibility for planning decisions has been deputed to local governments and peripheral Retail planning restrictions have been relaxed. As a result, at present, local governments, real-estate developers, and Retail firms jointly decide on the Location of new Retail facilities. It is assumed that each stakeholder’s attitude towards peripheral Retail planning is influenced by the preference structures of other stakeholders and may reflect their professional background. We focus on adaptive behaviour, the phenomenon that a decision maker adjusts his or her preferences towards specific preferences of other stakeholders in order to move to consensus. We provide a method for measuring this adaptive behaviour, based on existing random utility choice modelling techniques. To assess preferences of stakeholders for peripheral Retail planning options as well as their adaptive behaviour, three groups of stakeholders (real-estate developers, Retail organizations, and local governments) were invited to take part in a web-based conjoint choice experiment. It was found that all stakeholders show rather conservative behaviour regarding peripheral Retail development, especially with respect to fashion. Adaptive behaviour appeared to be cooperative and significant: stakeholders tend to (temporarily) increase preferences for alternative plans preferred by the other stakeholders. Developers appeared to be the most adaptive in their decision behaviour. Taking into consideration adaptive behaviour may help to improve existing multistakeholder decision models. Keywords: multistakeholder decisions, conjoint choice experiment, adaptation, Retail planning
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Stakeholders' Preferences and Adaptive Behaviour in Retail-Location Choice Decisions
Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2014Co-Authors: Ii Ingrid Janssen, Awj Aloys Borgers, Hjp Harry TimmermansAbstract:The changing role of urban planning in the Netherlands from regulatory to public�private development planning implies the need to gain insight into multistakeholder decision making in a spatial planning context. In this paper we show the importance of unravelling influence structures that affect individual stakeholder decisions. For this purpose we looked at the Dutch Retail planning context, where recently the responsibility for planning decisions has been deputed to local governments and peripheral Retail planning restrictions have been relaxed. As a result, at present, local governments, real-estate developers, and Retail firms jointly decide on the Location of new Retail facilities. It is assumed that each stakeholder�s attitude towards peripheral Retail planning is influenced by the preference structures of other stakeholders and may reflect their professional background. We focus on adaptive behaviour, the phenomenon that a decision maker adjusts his or her preferences towards specific preferences of other stakeholders in order to move to consensus. We provide a method for measuring this adaptive behaviour, based on existing random utility choice modelling techniques. To assess preferences of stakeholders for peripheral Retail planning options as well as their adaptive behaviour, three groups of stakeholders (real-estate developers, Retail organizations, and local governments) were invited to take part in a web-based conjoint choice experiment. It was found that all stakeholders show rather conservative behaviour regarding peripheral Retail development, especially with respect to fashion. Adaptive behaviour appeared to be cooperative and significant: stakeholders tend to (temporarily) increase preferences for alternative plans preferred by the other stakeholders. Developers appeared to be the most adaptive in their decision behaviour. Taking into consideration adaptive behaviour may help to improve existing multistakeholder decision models.
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Retail Location and consumer spatial choice behavior
Applied Geography, 2004Co-Authors: Hjp Harry TimmermansAbstract:This chapter reviews progress made in applied geography with respect to analyzing and predicting spatial shopping behavior. Developments in models of store and shopping center choice during the past decades are reviewed. In addition, progress in simulating pedestrian movement is outlined.
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A knowledge-based system for developing Retail Location strategies
Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 2000Co-Authors: Ta Theo Arentze, Awj Aloys Borgers, Hjp Harry TimmermansAbstract:This paper proposes a knowledge-based system to support the analysis of problems and formulation of actions in the field of Retail Location planning. The decision table is used as a formalism for representing an exhaustive and exclusive set of decision rules typically used by Dutch planners and Retailers. The proposed model is implemented in a knowledge-based system where it can be used interactively in combination with conventional spatial models for predicting and analysing Retail system operations. A case study in the area of daily good facilities demonstrates the approach. The major conclusion is that the knowledge-based approach and in particular the decision table technique may assist planners/Retailers to effectively structure complex Retail Location problems.
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A multi-objective model for developing Retail Location strategies in a DSS environment
Advances in Spatial Science, 1997Co-Authors: Ta Theo Arentze, Awj Aloys Borgers, Hjp Harry TimmermansAbstract:In developing Retail Location policies, planners face major uncertainties regarding the questions how the consumer population will develop, where to locate facilities and how consumers and producers will react to new developments. The central aim of spatial decision support system (DSS) is to improve the effectiveness of Locational decisions by making data and (analytic) models accessible to decision makers (Densham and Rushton, 1988; Armstrong and Densham, 1990; Densham, 1991). It has been argued on several occasions that recent advances in spatial modelling, information technology and data availability have favoured the cost-benefit ratio of these systems (Bertuglia et al. 1994, Birkin et al. 1996).
Tony Hernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhancing Retail Location decision support: The development and application of geovisualization
Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2007Co-Authors: Tony HernandezAbstract:Abstract Geovisualization refers to the visual exploration, analysis, synthesis and presentation of geospatial data. This paper presents findings from research that has focused on developing and applying geovisualization techniques and technologies for use within Retail Location decision support. To date, Retailers represent a major user group of geographic information system (GIS) -based decision support technologies, with applications ranging from trade area mapping to store portfolio planning. However, the ability to handle spatial–temporal data, visualize change, and explore the temporal dimension of spatial data is limited within conventional GIS. The paper details the development of a prototype geovisualization system that has been designed to enable visualization of spatial–temporal change of Retail-related data. From this explicitly visual paradigm, a number of examples of potential analysis are examined at four different scales of analysis: national, regional, market and micro-level. The paper highlights both the challenges and potential to enhance Retail decision support by integrating geovisualization techniques and technology within decision support activities.
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Retail Location Decision-Making and Store Portfolio Management
The Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 2001Co-Authors: Tony Hernandez, Marco BiasiottoAbstract:T. HERNANDEZ and M. BIASIOTTO: "Retail Location Decision-Making and Store Portfolio Management". Retailers' undertake a large number of Location decisions each year, and in aggregate these decisions determine the nature and extent of the Retail landscape. The paper examines Retailers' Location activities from the perspective of store portfolio management. A conceptual framework of Retail decision-making is forwarded that identifies a range of Locational options. Survey findings presented illustrate that the majority of Location decisions involve managing the existing Locational asset as opposed to increasing or decreasing the size of the portfolio. Retail organisations have a large amount of capital invested in their store portfolios, including, the value of land holdings and buildings, the cost of leasehold improvements and contractual leasehold liabilities. The long-term and high-risk nature of Location decision-making has promoted the adoption of decision support technologies within the Canadian Retail ind ustry. GIS are used by over half of the major Retailers in Canada for customer mapping, site selection, sales forecasting and other store portfolio management applications. These spatial technologies promote the objective analysis of Retail data and generate intelligence to support decision-making activities. However, integrating the technology and data into business planning provide Retail organisations with many challenges. T. HERNANDEZ and M. BIASIOTTO: [much less than] Retail Location Decision-Making and Store Portfolio Management [much greater than] [Le processus decisionnel du secteur de detail et la gestion du portfolio des magasins]. Les detaillants entreprennent un grand nombre de decisions de localisation chaque annee, et globalement ces decisions determinent la nature et l'etendue du paysage de detail. Dans cet article, nous examinerons les activites de localisation des detaillants de la perspective de la gestion du portfolio des magasins. Un schema conceptuel du processus decisionnel du secteur de detail est presente dans lequel on identifie une gamme d'options en matiere de localisation. Les resultats d'une enquete qui sont presentees demontrent que la plupart des decisions de localisation implique la gestion de l'avoir actuel en termes de localisation en contraste avec une augmentation ou une diminution de la taille du portfolio. Les organisations dans le secteur du detail possedent un volume de capital considertable investi dans leurs portfolios de magasins, y compris la valeur de l'immobilier (terrains et batiments), le cout des ameliorations de leurs baux et des courts engages dans les contrats de baux. La nature a long terme et de haute risque de decision de localisation a encourage l'adoption de technologies a l'appui des decisions au sein de l'industrie canadienne de detail. Les SIG sont utilises par plus de la moitie des detaillants principaux au Canada pour cartographier la clientele, le choix des sites, la prevision des ventes et d'autres fins dans la gestion des portfolios de magasins. Ces technologies spatiales encouragent l'analyse objective des donnees concernant le detail et genereront de l'intelligence a l'appui des activites des processus de prise de decision. Toutefois, l'integration de cette technologie et de ces donnees au sein de la planification de l'entreprise soulevent de nombreux defis aux organisations de detail. Introduction The Canadian Retail economy has undergone significant structural transformation over the last decade. A number of factors have combined to drive Retail change at the local, regional and national level. Corporate concentration has occurred across most Retail sectors. This has resulted in a small number of major Retailers controlling a large proportion of total Retail sales, albeit with significant variation between sectors (Gomez-Insausti 2000). Widespread development of new Retail formats and reconfiguration of the traditional nodes of Retail activity has taken place, with large format Retailers challenging the traditional mall and street-front Retailers (Simmons 2000; Yeates 2000). …
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The art and science of Retail Location decisions
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 2000Co-Authors: Tony Hernandez, David BennisonAbstract:Although formal techniques of Locational analysis have been available for over 50 years, most Retailers traditionally made no use of them, relying instead on intuition guided by experience and “common sense”. However, the simultaneous advent in the last 15 years of low cost computing and the increasing availability of Retail related data of all types has given Retailers the opportunity to take a much more rational approach to decision making. This paper examines the extent to which Retailers have taken advantage of the potential released by these developments, and adopted more “scientific” rules based methodologies. The analysis is based on an extensive questionnaire survey of UK Retailers conducted in 1998 which encompassed organisations operating altogether more than 50,000 outlets across eight sectors. The survey sought to identify the use made both of particular types of techniques, and of Geographical Information Systems, which act as a platform for them. It was complemented by a series of in‐depth interviews with Location specialists in a number of major Retail organisations.
Graham Clarke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Accounting for Temporal Demand Variations in Retail Location Models
Geographical Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Tom Waddington, Graham Clarke, Martin Clarke, Nick Hood, Andy NewingAbstract:This article develops and calibrates a spatial interaction model (SIM) incorporating additional temporal characteristics of consumer demand for the U.K. grocery market. SIMs have been routinely used by the Retail sector for Location modeling and revenue prediction and have a good record of success, especially in the supermarket/hypermarket sector. However, greater planning controls and a more competitive trading environment in recent years has forced Retailers to look to new markets. This has meant a greater focus on the convenience market which creates new challenges for Retail Location models. In this article, we present a custom built SIM for the grocery market in West Yorkshire incorporating trading and consumer data provided by a major U.K. Retailer. We show that this model works well for supermarkets and hypermarkets but poorly for convenience stores. We then build a series of new demand layers taking into account the spatial distributions of demand at the time of day that consumers are likely to use grocery stores. These new demand layers include workplace populations, university student populations and secondary school children. When these demand layers are added to the models, we see a very promising increase in the accuracy of the revenue forecasts.
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segmenting the growing uk convenience store market for Retail Location planning
The International Review of Retail Distribution and Consumer Research, 2016Co-Authors: Nick Hood, Graham Clarke, Martin ClarkeAbstract:Branded convenience grocery stores have become commonplace in UK Retailing, increasingly adopted by Retailers traditionally associated with superstore Retailing. This paper initially explores the conditions in which this shift has occurred, looking at supply-side changes, planning policy, and changing demographics and consumer behaviour. Subsequently, this paper quantifies the geographical market share of a number of prominent convenience grocery Retailers at the postal area level across the UK in 2012. Finally, the paper offers a segmentation of the convenience market into a series of clusters by Location type. By understanding the drivers of trade in different Locations, through the cluster analysis outlined in this paper, a more powerful set of Location strategies can be adopted by companies expanding in this market.
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Developing and Applying a Disaggregated Retail Location Model with Extended Retail Demand Estimations
Geographical Analysis, 2014Co-Authors: Andy Newing, Graham Clarke, Martin ClarkeAbstract:The spatial interaction model (SIM) is an important tool for Retail Location analysis and store revenue estimation, particularly within the grocery sector. However, there are few examples of SIM development within the literature that capture the complexities of consumer behavior or discuss model developments and extensions necessary to produce models which can predict store revenues to a high degree of accuracy. This article reports a new disaggregated model with more sophisticated demand terms which reflect different types of Retail consumer (by income or social class), with different shopping behaviors in terms of brand choice. We also incorporate seasonal fluctuations in demand driven by tourism, a major source of non-residential demand, allowing us to calibrate revenue predictions against seasonal sales fluctuations experienced at individual stores. We demonstrate that such disaggregated models need empirical data for calibration purposes, without which model extensions are likely to remain theoretical only. Using data provided by a major grocery Retailer, we demonstrate that statistically, spatially, and in terms of revenue estimation, models can be shown to produce extremely good forecasts and predictions concerning store patronage and store revenues, including much more realistic behavior regarding store selection. We also show that it is possible to add a tourist demand layer, which can make considerable forecasting improvements relative to models built only with residential demand.
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spatial competition for biogas production using insights from Retail Location models
Energy, 2014Co-Authors: M Bojesen, Mark Birkin, Graham ClarkeAbstract:Biogas production is an important contemporary topic within agriculture as well as bioenergy production, both from an industrial and an academic point of view. The Danish biogas sector, which has been around for many years, is still struggling to establish itself as an economically viable energy production sector. Through a two-step approach by combining a Location-alLocation model with a production constrained spatial interaction model, this paper addresses the dual problem of determining optimal Location and production capacity. What-if scenarios, in combination with the strategic economic analysis framework developed in this paper, facilitate the analysis and discussion of how national policies can be fulfilled.
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spatial competition for biogas production using insights from Retail Location models
Energy, 2014Co-Authors: M Bojesen, Mark Birkin, Graham ClarkeAbstract:Abstract Biogas production is an important contemporary topic within agriculture as well as bioenergy production, both from an industrial and an academic point of view. The Danish biogas sector, which has been around for many years, is still struggling to establish itself as an economically viable energy production sector. Through a two-step approach by combining a Location-alLocation model with a production constrained spatial interaction model, this paper addresses the dual problem of determining optimal Location and production capacity. What-if scenarios, in combination with the strategic economic analysis framework developed in this paper, facilitate the analysis and discussion of how national policies can be fulfilled. The capacity expansion of the Danish biogas sector should be centred on large-scale biogas production since large biogas plants are found to have 16% lower transportation costs than small biogas plants. Consequently, this minimizes the single most important production cost factor, transportation. The developed framework can be used and further developed in an analysis of how the spatial availability of, and competition for, different types of biomass can supplement each other in the development towards a bio-based economy.