The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Hussam Jouhara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A review on waste heat recovery from exhaust in the Ceramics Industry
    E3S Web of Conferences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Bertrand Delpech, Brian Axcell, Hussam Jouhara
    Abstract:

    Following the energy crisis in 1980, many saving technologies have been investigated with attempts to implement them into various industries, one of them is the field of ceramic production. In order to comply with energy saving trends and environmental issues, the European ceramic Industry sector has developed energy efficient systems which reduced significantly production time and costs and reduced total energy consumption. The last achievement is of great importance as the energy consumption of the ceramic process accounts for a significant percentage of the total production costs. More precisely, the firing stage consumes the highest amount of energy during the whole ceramic production process. The use of roller kilns, fired by natural gas, involves a loss of 50% of the input energy via the flue gas and the cooling gas exhausts. This review paper briefly describes the production process of the different ceramic products, with a focus on the ceramic sector in Europe. Due to the limited on waste heat recovery in the ceramic Industry, other high temperature waste heat recovery applications are considered in the paper, such as in concrete and steel production, which could have a potential use in the ceramic Industry. The state of the art technologies used in the Ceramics Industry are reviewed with a special interest in waste heat recovery from the ceramic process exhaust stacks and energy saving technologies.

  • Investigation on a full-scale heat pipe heat exchanger in the Ceramics Industry for waste heat recovery
    Energy, 1
    Co-Authors: Hussam Jouhara, Brian Axcell, Delpech Bertrand, Luca Montorsi, Matteo Venturelli, Sulaiman Almahmoud, Massimo Milani, Lujean Ahmad, Amisha Chauhan
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Ceramics Industry is the second largest energy consuming sector in Europe. The main energy used in the Ceramics Industry is heat generated through burners using natural gas. The main area can be identified in three stages, the drying stage and the firing stage, and the cooling stage. The firing stage represents about 75% of the total energy cost. The roller hearth kiln technology is considered to be the most cost-effective solution for ceramic tile manufacturing. The kiln is separated into two sections, the firing stage and the cooling stage. The cooling stage generates large amounts of waste heat as the exhaust of the kiln is composed of a challenging flue gas for heat recovery. The recovery of this heat in an efficient way with no cross contamination has been achieved with a heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) system, which was designed, manufactured and installed on a roller hearth kiln and is presented in this paper. The heat pipe heat exchanger located next to the cooling section exhaust stack managed to recover up to 100 kW at steady state without cross contamination or excess fouling. The return on investment of the system has been evaluated at 16 months with a saving of £30,000 per year. This paper will present a deep row by row theoretical analysis of the heat pipe heat exchanger. The Computational Fluids Dynamics will also be presented to investigate the fluid dynamics within the evaporator and condenser section. Both investigations have then been validated by the experimental investigation carried out on a full-scale industrial system. The design approach used in this paper will highlight the benefits of this type of technology and provide a guideline for the design of novel heat pipe heat exchangers.

Otto Creutzenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • organosilane based coating of quartz species from the traditional Ceramics Industry evidence of hazard reduction using in vitro and in vivo tests
    Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 2017
    Co-Authors: Christina Ziemann, Ana Escrig, Giuliana Bonvicini, Maria Jesus Ibanez, Arturo Salomoni, Elena Monfort, Otto Creutzenberg
    Abstract:

    : The exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS), e.g. quartz, in industrial settings can induce silicosis and may cause tumours in chronic periods. Consequently, RCS in the form of quartz and cristobalite has been classified as human lung carcinogen category 1 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 1997, acknowledging differences in hazardous potential depending on source as well as chemical, thermal, and mechanical history. The physico-chemical determinants of quartz toxicity are well understood and are linked to density and abundance of surface silanol groups/radicals. Hence, poly-2-vinylpyridine-N-oxide and aluminium lactate, which effectively block highly reactive silanol groups at the quartz surface, have formerly been introduced as therapeutic approaches in the occupational field. In the traditional Ceramics Industry, quartz-containing raw materials are indispensable for the manufacturing process, and workers are potentially at risk of developing quartz-related lung diseases. Therefore, in the present study, two organosilanes, i.e. Dynasylan® PTMO and Dynasylan® SIVO 160, were tested as preventive, covalent quartz-coating agents to render Ceramics production safer without loss in product quality. Coating effectiveness and coating stability (up to 1 week) in artificial alveolar and lysosomal fluids were first analysed in vitro, using the industrially relevant quartz Q1 as RCS model, quartz DQ12 as a positive control, primary rat alveolar macrophages as cellular model system (75 µg cm-2; 4 h of incubation ± aluminium lactate to verify quartz-related effects), and lactate dehydrogenase release and DNA strand break induction (alkaline comet assay) as biological endpoints. In vitro results with coated quartz were confirmed in a 90-day intratracheal instillation study in rats with inflammatory parameters as most relevant readouts. The results of the present study indicate that in particular Dynasylan® SIVO 160 (0.2% w/w of quartz) was able to effectively and stably block toxicity of biologically active quartz species without interfering with technical process quality of certain ceramic products. In conclusion, covalent organosilane coatings of quartz might represent a promising strategy to increase workers' safety in the traditional Ceramics Industry.

  • Internalization, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression in Rat Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Various Dusts Occurring in the Ceramics Industry
    Inhalation toxicology, 2008
    Co-Authors: G. Attik, Otto Creutzenberg, R. Brown, P. Jackson, I Aboukhamis, Bertrand H. Rihn
    Abstract:

    In 1997 The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified some exposures to crystalline silica as carcinogenic to humans. Such exposures were acknowledged to be very variable, and even in the same monograph it was admitted that coal dust, containing as much as 20% quartz, could not be classified. Clearly there is a need to develop methods for assessing any risks posed by various silica containing dusts in different workplaces. A European collective research project, SILICERAM, was launched with the aim of assessing the toxicity of various dusts in the Ceramics Industry and improving worker protection. This study examined the effect of particles, namely, DQ12 quartz, China clay, feldspar, and a sample resembling a typical mixture used in the ceramic Industry (a “contrived sample” or CS), on NR8383, a rat alveolar macrophage (AM) cell line. Titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide were also used as negative controls. Confocal microscopy observations showed internalization of DQ12 and CS in NR8383. Cell ...

Brian Axcell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A review on waste heat recovery from exhaust in the Ceramics Industry
    E3S Web of Conferences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Bertrand Delpech, Brian Axcell, Hussam Jouhara
    Abstract:

    Following the energy crisis in 1980, many saving technologies have been investigated with attempts to implement them into various industries, one of them is the field of ceramic production. In order to comply with energy saving trends and environmental issues, the European ceramic Industry sector has developed energy efficient systems which reduced significantly production time and costs and reduced total energy consumption. The last achievement is of great importance as the energy consumption of the ceramic process accounts for a significant percentage of the total production costs. More precisely, the firing stage consumes the highest amount of energy during the whole ceramic production process. The use of roller kilns, fired by natural gas, involves a loss of 50% of the input energy via the flue gas and the cooling gas exhausts. This review paper briefly describes the production process of the different ceramic products, with a focus on the ceramic sector in Europe. Due to the limited on waste heat recovery in the ceramic Industry, other high temperature waste heat recovery applications are considered in the paper, such as in concrete and steel production, which could have a potential use in the ceramic Industry. The state of the art technologies used in the Ceramics Industry are reviewed with a special interest in waste heat recovery from the ceramic process exhaust stacks and energy saving technologies.

  • Investigation on a full-scale heat pipe heat exchanger in the Ceramics Industry for waste heat recovery
    Energy, 1
    Co-Authors: Hussam Jouhara, Brian Axcell, Delpech Bertrand, Luca Montorsi, Matteo Venturelli, Sulaiman Almahmoud, Massimo Milani, Lujean Ahmad, Amisha Chauhan
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Ceramics Industry is the second largest energy consuming sector in Europe. The main energy used in the Ceramics Industry is heat generated through burners using natural gas. The main area can be identified in three stages, the drying stage and the firing stage, and the cooling stage. The firing stage represents about 75% of the total energy cost. The roller hearth kiln technology is considered to be the most cost-effective solution for ceramic tile manufacturing. The kiln is separated into two sections, the firing stage and the cooling stage. The cooling stage generates large amounts of waste heat as the exhaust of the kiln is composed of a challenging flue gas for heat recovery. The recovery of this heat in an efficient way with no cross contamination has been achieved with a heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) system, which was designed, manufactured and installed on a roller hearth kiln and is presented in this paper. The heat pipe heat exchanger located next to the cooling section exhaust stack managed to recover up to 100 kW at steady state without cross contamination or excess fouling. The return on investment of the system has been evaluated at 16 months with a saving of £30,000 per year. This paper will present a deep row by row theoretical analysis of the heat pipe heat exchanger. The Computational Fluids Dynamics will also be presented to investigate the fluid dynamics within the evaporator and condenser section. Both investigations have then been validated by the experimental investigation carried out on a full-scale industrial system. The design approach used in this paper will highlight the benefits of this type of technology and provide a guideline for the design of novel heat pipe heat exchangers.

N. S. Davydova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Bertrand Delpech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A review on waste heat recovery from exhaust in the Ceramics Industry
    E3S Web of Conferences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Bertrand Delpech, Brian Axcell, Hussam Jouhara
    Abstract:

    Following the energy crisis in 1980, many saving technologies have been investigated with attempts to implement them into various industries, one of them is the field of ceramic production. In order to comply with energy saving trends and environmental issues, the European ceramic Industry sector has developed energy efficient systems which reduced significantly production time and costs and reduced total energy consumption. The last achievement is of great importance as the energy consumption of the ceramic process accounts for a significant percentage of the total production costs. More precisely, the firing stage consumes the highest amount of energy during the whole ceramic production process. The use of roller kilns, fired by natural gas, involves a loss of 50% of the input energy via the flue gas and the cooling gas exhausts. This review paper briefly describes the production process of the different ceramic products, with a focus on the ceramic sector in Europe. Due to the limited on waste heat recovery in the ceramic Industry, other high temperature waste heat recovery applications are considered in the paper, such as in concrete and steel production, which could have a potential use in the ceramic Industry. The state of the art technologies used in the Ceramics Industry are reviewed with a special interest in waste heat recovery from the ceramic process exhaust stacks and energy saving technologies.