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Erika Ribechini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of Cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jeannette Lucejko, Alessandro Vanzetti, Giuseppa Tanda, Claudio Filippo Mangiaracina, Alessandro Corretti, Francesca Porta, Jacopo La Nasa, Maria Perla Colombini, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing Cereals is comparatively rare. Micro-organisms, as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade Cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the Cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for Cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of Cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies.
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Long-lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of Cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jeannette Lucejko, Alessandro Vanzetti, Giuseppa Tanda, Claudio Filippo Mangiaracina, Alessandro Corretti, Francesca Porta, Jacopo La Nasa, Maria Perla Colombini, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing Cereals is comparatively rare. Microorganisms , as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade Cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the Cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/ processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for Cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of Cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies. Although Cereals played a key role in ancient times, e.g. in the Neolithic diet, their botanical and chemical remains are relatively rare at archaeological sites. When Cereals are morphologically preserved or even found as charred remains, the analysis of the DNA, phytoliths as well as mass spectrometric analysis of the organic remains can lead to interesting conclusions regarding the artefact functions and Cereals diffusion 1-4. Cereals are lignocellu-losic substrates and thus prone to attack by insects, bacteria or other microorganisms , as well as degradation by chemical-physical processes occurring during the burial period 5. Charred Cereals are comparatively less prone to microbial degradation, and are thus more easily found at archaeological sites. Some attempts to determine the presence of Cereals from the analysis of charred remains have been reported in the literature 6-9. However, understanding the importance of Cereals in ancient times remains a difficult and unexplored task. This paper presents an innovative biomarker approach entailing the recognition of the exclusive lipids bio-synthesized by ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. Claviceps fungi (ergot) are common pests of Gramineae 10 , and they metabolically produce lipids characterized by a complex mixture of more than 70 compounds, consisting of a series of diglycerides, triglycerides and high molecular weight estolides, with ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid) being the most abundant acyl substituent 11. Estolides (Fig. 1) result from secondary acylation reactions, where additional fatty acids are esterified to the hydroxyl moieties of ricinoleic acid,
Jeannette Lucejko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of Cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jeannette Lucejko, Alessandro Vanzetti, Giuseppa Tanda, Claudio Filippo Mangiaracina, Alessandro Corretti, Francesca Porta, Jacopo La Nasa, Maria Perla Colombini, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing Cereals is comparatively rare. Micro-organisms, as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade Cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the Cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for Cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of Cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies.
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Long-lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of Cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jeannette Lucejko, Alessandro Vanzetti, Giuseppa Tanda, Claudio Filippo Mangiaracina, Alessandro Corretti, Francesca Porta, Jacopo La Nasa, Maria Perla Colombini, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing Cereals is comparatively rare. Microorganisms , as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade Cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the Cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/ processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for Cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of Cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies. Although Cereals played a key role in ancient times, e.g. in the Neolithic diet, their botanical and chemical remains are relatively rare at archaeological sites. When Cereals are morphologically preserved or even found as charred remains, the analysis of the DNA, phytoliths as well as mass spectrometric analysis of the organic remains can lead to interesting conclusions regarding the artefact functions and Cereals diffusion 1-4. Cereals are lignocellu-losic substrates and thus prone to attack by insects, bacteria or other microorganisms , as well as degradation by chemical-physical processes occurring during the burial period 5. Charred Cereals are comparatively less prone to microbial degradation, and are thus more easily found at archaeological sites. Some attempts to determine the presence of Cereals from the analysis of charred remains have been reported in the literature 6-9. However, understanding the importance of Cereals in ancient times remains a difficult and unexplored task. This paper presents an innovative biomarker approach entailing the recognition of the exclusive lipids bio-synthesized by ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. Claviceps fungi (ergot) are common pests of Gramineae 10 , and they metabolically produce lipids characterized by a complex mixture of more than 70 compounds, consisting of a series of diglycerides, triglycerides and high molecular weight estolides, with ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid) being the most abundant acyl substituent 11. Estolides (Fig. 1) result from secondary acylation reactions, where additional fatty acids are esterified to the hydroxyl moieties of ricinoleic acid,
Kelly D Brownell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of serving high sugar Cereals on children s breakfast eating behavior
Pediatrics, 2011Co-Authors: Jennifer L Harris, Amy Ustjanauskas, Marlene B Schwartz, Punam Ohrivachaspati, Kelly D BrownellAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To test (1) whether children will consume low-sugar ready-to-eat (RTE) Cereals and (2) the effects of serving high- versus low-sugar Cereals on the consumption of cereal, refined sugar, fresh fruit, and milk. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Using an experimental design, we randomly assigned children ( n = 91) who were attending summer day camp to receive a breakfast that included either the choice of 1 of 3 high-sugar Cereals (high-sugar condition) or low-sugar Cereals (low-sugar condition), as well as low-fat milk, orange juice, bananas, strawberries, and sugar packets. Participants served themselves and completed a background questionnaire after eating. Researchers measured the amount and calories consumed of each food. RESULTS: In both conditions, children reported “liking” or “loving” the cereal they chose. Children in the low-sugar cereal condition consumed, on average, slightly more than 1 serving of cereal (35 g), whereas children in the high-sugar condition consumed significantly more (61 g) and almost twice the amount of refined sugar in total (24.4 vs 12.5 g). Milk and total calories consumed did not differ significantly between conditions, but children in the low-sugar condition were more likely to put fruit on their cereal (54% vs 8%) and consumed a greater portion of total calories from fresh fruit (20% vs 13%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with serving low-sugar Cereals, high-sugar Cereals increase children9s total sugar consumption and reduce the overall nutritional quality of their breakfast. Children will consume low-sugar Cereals when offered, and they provide a superior breakfast option.
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Breakfast cereal industry pledges to self-regulate advertising to youth: Will they improve the marketing landscape?
Journal of Public Health Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Marlene B Schwartz, Jennifer L Harris, Craig Ross, David H Jernigan, Michael Siegel, Joshua Ostroff, Kelly D BrownellAbstract:In 2007, the Council of Better Business Bureaus created the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative to improve the nutritional profile of products marketed to children in the United States. We provide quantitative baseline data describing (a) the amount of child-directed breakfast cereal advertising in 2007; (b) an assessment of the nutritional value for all Cereals advertised on television; and (c) the relationship between nutrition quality and child exposure to television advertising for major cereal brands. In 2007, the average American child viewed 757 cereal ads, and 98 per cent of these ads promoted unhealthy Cereals that would be prohibited from advertising to children in the United Kingdom. Healthy Cereals were advertised in 2007 in the United States, but adults, not children, were predominantly exposed to these ads. These quantitative methods can be used in the future to evaluate the impact of industry self-regulation efforts to improve the marketing landscape.
Maria Perla Colombini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of Cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jeannette Lucejko, Alessandro Vanzetti, Giuseppa Tanda, Claudio Filippo Mangiaracina, Alessandro Corretti, Francesca Porta, Jacopo La Nasa, Maria Perla Colombini, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing Cereals is comparatively rare. Micro-organisms, as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade Cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the Cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for Cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of Cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies.
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Long-lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of Cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jeannette Lucejko, Alessandro Vanzetti, Giuseppa Tanda, Claudio Filippo Mangiaracina, Alessandro Corretti, Francesca Porta, Jacopo La Nasa, Maria Perla Colombini, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing Cereals is comparatively rare. Microorganisms , as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade Cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the Cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/ processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for Cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of Cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies. Although Cereals played a key role in ancient times, e.g. in the Neolithic diet, their botanical and chemical remains are relatively rare at archaeological sites. When Cereals are morphologically preserved or even found as charred remains, the analysis of the DNA, phytoliths as well as mass spectrometric analysis of the organic remains can lead to interesting conclusions regarding the artefact functions and Cereals diffusion 1-4. Cereals are lignocellu-losic substrates and thus prone to attack by insects, bacteria or other microorganisms , as well as degradation by chemical-physical processes occurring during the burial period 5. Charred Cereals are comparatively less prone to microbial degradation, and are thus more easily found at archaeological sites. Some attempts to determine the presence of Cereals from the analysis of charred remains have been reported in the literature 6-9. However, understanding the importance of Cereals in ancient times remains a difficult and unexplored task. This paper presents an innovative biomarker approach entailing the recognition of the exclusive lipids bio-synthesized by ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. Claviceps fungi (ergot) are common pests of Gramineae 10 , and they metabolically produce lipids characterized by a complex mixture of more than 70 compounds, consisting of a series of diglycerides, triglycerides and high molecular weight estolides, with ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid) being the most abundant acyl substituent 11. Estolides (Fig. 1) result from secondary acylation reactions, where additional fatty acids are esterified to the hydroxyl moieties of ricinoleic acid,
Alessandro Corretti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of Cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jeannette Lucejko, Alessandro Vanzetti, Giuseppa Tanda, Claudio Filippo Mangiaracina, Alessandro Corretti, Francesca Porta, Jacopo La Nasa, Maria Perla Colombini, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing Cereals is comparatively rare. Micro-organisms, as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade Cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the Cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for Cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of Cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies.
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Long-lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of Cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jeannette Lucejko, Alessandro Vanzetti, Giuseppa Tanda, Claudio Filippo Mangiaracina, Alessandro Corretti, Francesca Porta, Jacopo La Nasa, Maria Perla Colombini, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing Cereals is comparatively rare. Microorganisms , as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade Cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the Cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/ processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for Cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of Cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies. Although Cereals played a key role in ancient times, e.g. in the Neolithic diet, their botanical and chemical remains are relatively rare at archaeological sites. When Cereals are morphologically preserved or even found as charred remains, the analysis of the DNA, phytoliths as well as mass spectrometric analysis of the organic remains can lead to interesting conclusions regarding the artefact functions and Cereals diffusion 1-4. Cereals are lignocellu-losic substrates and thus prone to attack by insects, bacteria or other microorganisms , as well as degradation by chemical-physical processes occurring during the burial period 5. Charred Cereals are comparatively less prone to microbial degradation, and are thus more easily found at archaeological sites. Some attempts to determine the presence of Cereals from the analysis of charred remains have been reported in the literature 6-9. However, understanding the importance of Cereals in ancient times remains a difficult and unexplored task. This paper presents an innovative biomarker approach entailing the recognition of the exclusive lipids bio-synthesized by ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. Claviceps fungi (ergot) are common pests of Gramineae 10 , and they metabolically produce lipids characterized by a complex mixture of more than 70 compounds, consisting of a series of diglycerides, triglycerides and high molecular weight estolides, with ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid) being the most abundant acyl substituent 11. Estolides (Fig. 1) result from secondary acylation reactions, where additional fatty acids are esterified to the hydroxyl moieties of ricinoleic acid,
