The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Mariën - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic causal modeling of the effective connectivity between the Cerebrum and cerebellum in social mentalizing across five studies
Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Frank Van Overwalle, Frederik Van De Steen, Peter MariënAbstract:In this analysis we explored the effective connectivity of the cerebellum with the Cerebrum in social mentalizing, across five studies (n = 91) involving abstract and complex forms of mentalizing, such as (a) person and group impression formation, based on behavioral descriptions, and (b) constructing personal counterfactual events. Connectivity was analyzed by applying dynamic causal model analysis, which revealed effective connectivity between the mentalizing areas of the cerebellum and Cerebrum. The results revealed a significant pattern of bidirectional (closed-loop) connectivity linking the right posterior cerebellum with bilateral temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), associated with behavior understanding. These connections are consistent with known anatomical data on closed loops between the cerebellum and Cerebrum, although contralateral closed loops typically dominate. This analysis improves on an earlier psychophysiological interaction analysis of this dataset, which had failed to reveal such evidence of closed loops. Within the Cerebrum, there were connections between the bilateral areas of TPJ, as well as connections between bilateral TPJ and the (ventral and dorsal) medial prefrontal cortex. The discussion centers on the function of cerebro-cerebellar connections in generating internal cerebellar "forward" models, potentially serving the automatic understanding, prediction, and error correction of behavioral sequences.
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Functional connectivity between the Cerebrum and cerebellum in social cognition: A multi-study analysis.
NeuroImage, 2015Co-Authors: Frank Van Overwalle, Peter MariënAbstract:This multi-study connectivity analysis explores the functional connectivity of the cerebellum with the Cerebrum in social mentalizing, that is, understanding the mind of another person. The analysis covers 5 studies (n=92) involving abstract and complex forms of social mentalizing such as (a) person and group impression formation based on behavioral descriptions and (b) constructing personal counterfactual events (i.e., how the past could have turned out better). The results suggest that cerebellar activity during these social processes reflects a domain-specific mentalizing functionality that is strongly connected with a corresponding mentalizing network in the Cerebrum. A significant pattern of connectivity was found linking the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) with the right posterior cerebellum, and linking the latter with the left TPJ. In addition, in the Cerebrum, further connectivity was found through links of the bilateral TPJ with the dorsal mPFC, orbitofrontal cortex and between right and left TPJ. The discussion centers on the role of these cerebro-cerebellar connections in matching external information from the Cerebrum with internal predictions generated by the cerebellum. These internal predictions might involve the sequencing of the person's behaviors.
Rie Henriksen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The genetic regulation of size variation in the transcriptome of the Cerebrum in the chicken and its role in domestication and brain size evolution.
BMC Genomics, 2020Co-Authors: Andrey Höglund, Katharina Strempfl, Jesper Fogelholm, Dominic Wright, Rie HenriksenAbstract:Large difference in Cerebrum size exist between avian species and populations of the same species and is believed to reflect differences in processing power, i.e. in the speed and efficiency of processing information in this brain region. During domestication chickens developed a larger Cerebrum compared to their wild progenitor, the Red jungle fowl. The underlying mechanisms that control Cerebrum size and the extent to which genetic regulation is similar across brain regions is not well understood. In this study, we combine measurement of Cerebrum size with genome-wide genetical genomics analysis to identify the genetic architecture of the Cerebrum, as well as compare the regulation of gene expression in this brain region with gene expression in other regions of the brain (the hypothalamus) and somatic tissue (liver). We identify one candidate gene that putatively regulates Cerebrum size (MTF2) as well as a large number of eQTL that regulate the transcriptome in Cerebrum tissue, with the majority of these eQTL being trans-acting. The overall regulation of gene expression variation in the Cerebrum was markedly different to the hypothalamus, with relatively few eQTL in common. In comparison, the Cerebrum tissue shared more eQTL with a distant tissue (liver) than with a neighboring tissue (hypothalamus). The candidate gene for Cerebrum size (MTF2) has previously been linked to brain development making it a good candidate for further investigation as a regulator of inter-population variation in Cerebrum size. The lack of shared eQTL between the two brain regions implies that genetic regulation of gene expression appears to be relatively independent between the two brain regions and suggest that coevolution between these two brain regions might be more functionally driven than developmental. These findings have relevance for current brain size evolution theories.
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The Genetic Regulation of size Variation in the Transcriptome of the Cerebrum in the Chicken and its role in domestication and brain size evolution
2020Co-Authors: Andrey Höglund, Katharina Strempfl, Jesper Fogelholm, Dominic Wright, Rie HenriksenAbstract:Abstract Background: Large difference in Cerebrum size exist between avian species and populations of the same species and is believed to reflect differences in processing power. During domestication chickens developed a larger Cerebrum compared to their wild progeny, the Red Jungle fowl. The underlying mechanisms that control Cerebrum size and the extent to which genetic regulation is similar across brain regions is not well understood. In this study, we combine measurement of Cerebrum size with genome-wide genetical genomics analysis to identify the genetic architecture of the Cerebrum, as well as compare the regulation of gene expression in this brain region with gene-expression in other regions of the brain (the hypothalamus) and somatic tissue (liver). Results: We identify one candidate gene that putatively regulates Cerebrum size ( MTF2 ) as well as identified a large number of eQTL that regulate the transcriptome in Cerebrum tissue, with the majority of these eQTL being trans-acting. The overall regulation of gene expression variation in the Cerebrum was markedly different to the hypothalamus, with relatively few eQTL in common. In comparison, the Cerebrum tissue shared more eQTL with a distant tissue (liver) than with a neighboring tissue (hypothalamus). Conclusion: The candidate gene for Cerebrum size ( MTF2 ) has previously been linked to brain development making it a good candidate for further investigation as a regulator of inter-population variation in Cerebrum size. The lack of shared eQTL between the two brain regions implies that genetic regulation of gene expression appears to be relatively independent between the two brain regions and suggest that co-evolution between these two brain regions might be more functionally driven than developmental. These findings have relevance for current brain size evolution theories.
Albert L. Rhoton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Three-dimensional topographic fiber tract anatomy of the Cerebrum.
Neurosurgery, 2015Co-Authors: Kaan Yağmurlu, Alexander L Vlasak, Albert L. RhotonAbstract:BACKGROUND The fiber tracts of the Cerebrum may be a more important determinant of resection limits than the cortex. Better knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3-D) anatomic organization of the fiber pathways is important in planning safe and accurate surgery for lesions within the Cerebrum. OBJECTIVE To examine the topographic anatomy of fiber tracts and subcortical gray matter of the human Cerebrum and their relationships with consistent cortical, ventricular, and nuclear landmarks. METHODS Twenty-five formalin-fixed human brains and 4 whole cadaveric heads were examined by fiber dissection technique and ×6 to ×40 magnification. The fiber tracts and central core structures, including the insula and basal ganglia, were examined and their relationships captured in 3-D photography. The depth between the surface of the cortical gyri and selected fiber tracts was measured. RESULTS The topographic relationships of the important association, projection, and commissural fasciculi within the Cerebrum and superficial cortical landmarks were identified. Important landmarks with consistent relationships to the fiber tracts were the cortical gyri and sulci, limiting sulci of the insula, nuclear masses in the central core, and lateral ventricles. The fiber tracts were also organized in a consistent pattern in relation to each other. The anatomic findings are briefly compared with functional data from clinicoradiological analysis and intraoperative stimulation of fiber tracts. CONCLUSION An understanding of the 3-D anatomic organization of the fiber tracts of the brain is essential in planning safe and accurate cerebral surgery.
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Three-dimensional topographic fiber tract anatomy of the Cerebrum.
Neurosurgery, 2015Co-Authors: Kaan Yağmurlu, Alexander L Vlasak, Albert L. RhotonAbstract:The fiber tracts of the Cerebrum may be a more important determinant of resection limits than the cortex. Better knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3-D) anatomic organization of the fiber pathways is important in planning safe and accurate surgery for lesions within the Cerebrum. To examine the topographic anatomy of fiber tracts and subcortical gray matter of the human Cerebrum and their relationships with consistent cortical, ventricular, and nuclear landmarks. Twenty-five formalin-fixed human brains and 4 whole cadaveric heads were examined by fiber dissection technique and ×6 to ×40 magnification. The fiber tracts and central core structures, including the insula and basal ganglia, were examined and their relationships captured in 3-D photography. The depth between the surface of the cortical gyri and selected fiber tracts was measured. The topographic relationships of the important association, projection, and commissural fasciculi within the Cerebrum and superficial cortical landmarks were identified. Important landmarks with consistent relationships to the fiber tracts were the cortical gyri and sulci, limiting sulci of the insula, nuclear masses in the central core, and lateral ventricles. The fiber tracts were also organized in a consistent pattern in relation to each other. The anatomic findings are briefly compared with functional data from clinicoradiological analysis and intraoperative stimulation of fiber tracts. An understanding of the 3-D anatomic organization of the fiber tracts of the brain is essential in planning safe and accurate cerebral surgery.
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The Cerebrum. Anatomy.
Neurosurgery, 2007Co-Authors: Albert L. RhotonAbstract:The Cerebrum is the crown jewel of creation and evolution. It is a remarkably delicate, intricate, and beautiful structure. The goal of this chapter is to provide the information needed to permit the neurosurgeon to navigate accurately, gently, and safely around and through the Cerebrum and intracranial space. The location of deep structures is frequently described in relation to cranial and superficial cerebral landmarks in order to develop the concept of see-through, x-ray type knowledge of the Cerebrum. In numerous illustrations, stepwise dissections are used to clarify the relationship between structures in different layers. Important clinical and surgical concepts are intermixed with the description of the Cerebrum and its arteries, veins, and ventricles.
Frank Van Overwalle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic causal modeling of the effective connectivity between the Cerebrum and cerebellum in social mentalizing across five studies
Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Frank Van Overwalle, Frederik Van De Steen, Peter MariënAbstract:In this analysis we explored the effective connectivity of the cerebellum with the Cerebrum in social mentalizing, across five studies (n = 91) involving abstract and complex forms of mentalizing, such as (a) person and group impression formation, based on behavioral descriptions, and (b) constructing personal counterfactual events. Connectivity was analyzed by applying dynamic causal model analysis, which revealed effective connectivity between the mentalizing areas of the cerebellum and Cerebrum. The results revealed a significant pattern of bidirectional (closed-loop) connectivity linking the right posterior cerebellum with bilateral temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), associated with behavior understanding. These connections are consistent with known anatomical data on closed loops between the cerebellum and Cerebrum, although contralateral closed loops typically dominate. This analysis improves on an earlier psychophysiological interaction analysis of this dataset, which had failed to reveal such evidence of closed loops. Within the Cerebrum, there were connections between the bilateral areas of TPJ, as well as connections between bilateral TPJ and the (ventral and dorsal) medial prefrontal cortex. The discussion centers on the function of cerebro-cerebellar connections in generating internal cerebellar "forward" models, potentially serving the automatic understanding, prediction, and error correction of behavioral sequences.
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Functional connectivity between the Cerebrum and cerebellum in social cognition: A multi-study analysis.
NeuroImage, 2015Co-Authors: Frank Van Overwalle, Peter MariënAbstract:This multi-study connectivity analysis explores the functional connectivity of the cerebellum with the Cerebrum in social mentalizing, that is, understanding the mind of another person. The analysis covers 5 studies (n=92) involving abstract and complex forms of social mentalizing such as (a) person and group impression formation based on behavioral descriptions and (b) constructing personal counterfactual events (i.e., how the past could have turned out better). The results suggest that cerebellar activity during these social processes reflects a domain-specific mentalizing functionality that is strongly connected with a corresponding mentalizing network in the Cerebrum. A significant pattern of connectivity was found linking the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) with the right posterior cerebellum, and linking the latter with the left TPJ. In addition, in the Cerebrum, further connectivity was found through links of the bilateral TPJ with the dorsal mPFC, orbitofrontal cortex and between right and left TPJ. The discussion centers on the role of these cerebro-cerebellar connections in matching external information from the Cerebrum with internal predictions generated by the cerebellum. These internal predictions might involve the sequencing of the person's behaviors.
G Y Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The cholinergic receptor-linked phosphoinositide metabolism in mouse Cerebrum and cerebellum in vivo.
Brain research, 1993Co-Authors: T A Lin, J P Zhang, G Y SunAbstract:The cholinergic receptor-linked poly-phosphoinositide hydrolysis was studied in mouse Cerebrum and cerebellum after prelabeling the brain with [3H]inositol. I.p. injection of Li (8 meq/kg) to C57Bl/6J mice for 4 h resulted in 14- and five-fold increases in [3H]inositol-labeled inositol monophosphate (IP1) in Cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. The labeled inositol bisphosphate (IP2) was also increased 83 and 19% in Cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. Prior injection of atropine (100 mg/kg) resulted in inhibition of Li-induced increases in labeled IP1 by 74 and 56% in Cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. Administration of pilocarpine (20 mg/kg) to the Li-treated mice for 30 min resulted in further increases in labeled IP1 and IP2 and a concomitant decrease in labeled inositol in Cerebrum but not in cerebellum. Mass measurements of IP1 and IP2 isomers by HPLC revealed that inositol 1-monophosphate (Ins(1)P), inositol 4-monophosphate (Ins(4)P) and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (Ins(1,4)P2) were all increased by pilocarpine administration in the Li-treated mouse Cerebrum. The effects of pilocarpine administration in mouse Cerebrum (increases in IP1 and IP2) could be completely inhibited by preinjection of atropine. Atropine injection also decreased the levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3]. Surprisingly, a decrease in Ins(1,4,5)P3 level was also found in non-Li-treated mice after pilocarpine administration (30 mg/kg, 10-40 min). Except for the increase (20%) in [32P]-labeled PIP in the Cerebrum, Li or Li together with pilocarpine administration did not alter the levels of [3H]inositol or [32P]phosphate-labeled phosphoinositides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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The cholinergic receptor-linked phosphoinositide metabolism in mouse Cerebrum and cerebellum in vivo.
Brain Research, 1993Co-Authors: T A Lin, J P Zhang, G Y SunAbstract:Abstract The cholinergic receptor-linked poly-phosphoinositide hydrolysis was studied in mouse Cerebrum and cerebellum after prelabeling the brain with [ 3 H]inositol. I.p. injection of Li (8 meq/kg) to C57Bl/6J mice for 4 h resulted in 14− and five-fold increases in [ 3 H]inositol-labeled inositol monophosphate (IP 1 ) in Cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. The labeled inositol bisphosphate (IP 2 ) was also increased 83 and 19% in Cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. Prior injection of atropine (100 mg/kg) resulted in inhibition of Li-induced increases in labeled IP 1 by 74 and 56% in Cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. Administration of pilocarpine (20 mg/kg) to the Li-treated mice for 30 min resulted in further increases in labeled IP 1 and IP 2 and a concomitant decrease in labeled inositol in Cerebrum but no in cerebellum. Mass measurements of IP 1 and IP 2 isomers by HPLC revealed that inositol 1-monophosphate (Ins(1)P), inositol 4-monophosphate (Ins(4)P) and inositol 1,4-bis-phosphate (Ins(1,4)P 2 ) were all increased by pilocarpine administration in the Li-treated mouse Cerebrum. The effects of pilocarpine administration in mouse Cerebrum (increases in IP 1 and IP 2 ) could be completely inhibited by preinjection of atropine. Atropine injection also decreased the levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P 3 ]. Surprisingly, a decrease in Ins(1,4,5)P 3 level was also found in non-Li-treated mice after pilocarpine administration (30 mg/kg, 10–40 min). Except for the increase (20%) in [ 32 P]-labeled PIP in the Cerebrum, Li or Li together with pilocarpine administration did not alter the levels of [ 3 H]inositol or [ 32 P]phosphate-labeled phosphoinositides. Taken together, these results demonstrated the ability of using cholinergic agonists and antagonists to probe the cholinergic receptor-linked poly-phosphoinositide signaling activity in brain and that these responses are more active in the Cerebrum as compared with the cerebellum.